Forensic Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Atypical succession of insects associated with pig cadavers (<i>Sus scrofa</i> Linnaeus, 1758) in Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia.","authors":"Mateo Restrepo-Rúa, Angela Patricia Mancipe-Villamarin, Nidya Alexandra Segura Guerrero","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic entomology complements medicolegal investigations by studying insects at the crime scene. In Colombia, studies that characterized the succession of cadaver entomofauna have been published. However, in Tunja (Boyacá), the information related to evaluating the decomposition process and the fauna associated with cadavers is incipient. Therefore, this study aimed to describe that process under the environmental conditions of the municipality. Four pig cadavers were used to monitor decomposition and collect the visiting species. We conducted a descriptive statistical analysis with diversity indexes and a canonical correspondence analysis to evaluate the possible relations among decomposition stages, the species, and environmental variables. The observed decomposition process was atypical, presenting a prolonged duration of the early cadaveric phenomena and a low number of arthropods attracted to the cadavers. In total, we collected 1 249 arthropods. The Diptera and Coleoptera orders were the most abundant, representing 55.7% and 33.7%, respectively. The Calliphoridae family represented 64.7% of the Diptera fauna succession, with <i>Calliphora vicina</i> and <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i> as the most abundant species and the first colonizers under the conditions of the study zone. The results provide information about the entomofauna associated with decomposing bodies in the municipality of Tunja. Due to the environmental conditions of the study zone, we could demonstrate that factors like rainfall and temperature could delay colonization and the onset times of cadaveric phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"owae042"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study on the endeavour to identify the \"unidentifiable\" fallen soldiers of WWI on the Italian front.","authors":"Daniel Gaudio, Andrea Betto","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>If there is a category of war victims for whom the identification process has been and still remains an extremely challenging issue, it is the soldiers of World War One. There are various reasons for this, including unreliable identity tags, the unprecedented number of casualties, and the level of destruction caused by the massive use of \"new\" weapons. In Italy, this phenomenon was so severe and well-known that a monument was erected in Rome specifically in memory of those unknown soldiers (\"Tomba del Milite Ignoto\"). However, modern techniques in forensic archaeology and anthropology can facilitate identification even in this extreme context. In the casework described here, the presence of human remains was reported to the judicial authorities, which were subsequently located and excavated in a remote region of the Italian Alps using a range of techniques, including drone imagery, GPR, and micromorphological surveying. During the archaeological excavation of the human remains, a World War One zinc identification tag in very poor condition was found adjacent to the body. The biological profile was estimated (male, 20-30 years old, 166 cm±3.27 cm), and a trauma survey was performed. Thanks to the restoration of the ID tag, parts of the name and enrolment number were found and cross-referenced with the anthropological data of the subject, matching the information in the available military records. The victim had no siblings or offspring, making it impossible to identify descendants. However, the operation led to a contextual/presumptive identification of the soldier and the discovery of his story. He was a native of Tuscany, who died during the \"Punitive Expedition\" (1916) and was buried, probably by his comrades, in a small flat area hidden from enemy lines. In investigations like this, the involvement of local communities, whether groups or individuals, is crucial. In this case report, it will be shown how multidisciplinary approaches and collective actions can play a pivotal role in resolving highly intricate scenarios, such as those pertaining to armed conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving from the unknown to the known: a multidisciplinary approach to the identification of skeletal remains from Sandy Point, Australia.","authors":"Soren Blau, Dadna Hartman, April Stock, Fiona Leahy, Jodie Leditschke, Lyndall Smythe, Noel Woodford, Samantha Rowbotham","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When human remains are inadvertently located, case-related circumstantial information is used to generate an identification hypothesis, and the preservation of the remains typically informs which identification methods may then be used to validate that hypothesis. What happens, however, when there is no contextual information to generate an identification hypothesis? This paper presents the case of a near-complete human skeleton discovered at Sandy Point in Victoria, Australia. The circumstances of the case did not facilitate an identification hypothesis, and with no hypothesis to triage the identification process, all possible identification methods were employed. Preservation of the individual meant neither a visual nor a fingerprint identification was possible, and the lack of an identification hypothesis meant there was no antemortem reference data to compare with the postmortem DNA or dental information. Consequently, in addition to historical research, novel methods, such as radiocarbon dating and genetic intelligence, were utilized to complement information provided by the forensic anthropology and odontology analyses, which ultimately resulted in the identification. This example highlights the complexity of cases of unidentified skeletal remains and emphasizes the fact that identification is a process that necessarily requires a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Human skeletal remains were recovered from Sandy Point, Victoria.The absence of circumstantial information and the poor preservation (i.e. skeletonized) of the remains precluded the formation of an identification hypothesis, rendering the identification process complex.Only through the integration of anthropology, odontology, molecular biology, radiocarbon dating, historical research, and genealogy were the remains able to be identified as Mr. Christopher Luke Moore, who drowned in 1928.Human identification is a process that necessarily requires a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11409877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive elucidation on the genetic profile of the Hezhou Han population <i>via</i> an efficient InDel panel.","authors":"Shuyan Mei, Wei Cui, Man Chen, Meiming Cai, Fanzhang Lei, Xi Wang, Shangwu Yang, Bofeng Zhu","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Han nationality is widely distributed in different regions, and it is one of the most populous nationalities in China. Compared with the ethnic minorities in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, there is relatively less research on Han individuals dwelled in Guangxi as a part of Chinese Han population. In this study, the genetic polymorphisms of 57 autosomal insertion/deletion (InDel) loci were explored in Hezhou Han (HZH) population. Forensic-related parameters revealed that these 57 InDel loci had high forensic validity and could be used in forensic practice application. In addition, the genetic relationships between the HZH population and 30 worldwide reference populations were explored using a variety of analytical methods, such as phylogenetic tree, principal component analysis, and genetic structure analysis. These results demonstrated that there were closer genetic relationships between the HZH and nine populations from East Asia (EAS). The prediction accuracy rates of five inter-continental cross-validation analyses for individuals from EAS was >0.9, and the prediction accuracy rates of three inter-continental cross-validation analyses for individuals from EAS, Europe, and Africa were all >0.95. In addition, 24 of the 57 InDel loci could be served as ancestral information inference loci, which could effectively distinguish individuals of EAS, Europe, and Africa. In conclusion, these InDel loci could be used not only as a good tool for individual identification and paternity testing in HZH population, but also as an auxiliary tool for ancestry information inference research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"owae021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing forensic DNA databases in Africa.","authors":"Johannes Hendrik Smith, Juanida Suzette Horne","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"owae024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of composition on the explosive properties of potassium chlorate and oils.","authors":"Masahiro Tagawa, Robert Matyáš, Jindřich Kučera, Jiří Pachman","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potassium chlorate has long been utilized as an excellent oxidizing agent in pyrotechnics and explosives. As mixtures of potassium chlorate and any type of combustible material can be explosive, there is a potential risk of misuse in homemade explosives. Unlike commercial explosives, homemade chlorate and oil mixtures do not have a constant composition, which limits their understanding. This study reports the effects of two types of oil (motor oil and cooking oil) and their ratios (ranging from 2.5% to 40.0% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)) on the explosive properties of such mixtures. The impact sensitivity was highest at a motor oil ratio of 5%. The friction sensitivity increased with an increasing oil ratio, reaching a maximum at an oil ratio of ~22.5%, and was close to those of primary explosives. The motor oil mixtures exhibited higher sensitivity than the cooking oil mixtures at oil ratios of 25.0% or less. A 10% oil mixture, which was close to the ratio of oxygen balance equal to zero, detonated in weak confinement, such as a paper cylinder. The highest detonation velocities in a polypropylene tube were ~2 300 and 2 550 m/s at a 10% ratio of motor oil and cooking oil, respectively. The velocities of the metal case wall, measured by photonic Doppler velocimetry, reached ~1 100 m/s near the end of acceleration. These results show that homemade chlorate and oil mixtures are capable of detonation and quite sensitive over a wide range of oil ratios, with sufficient power to cause damage in the vicinity.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>Simple mixtures of potassium chlorate and oil can be used as a homemade explosives.Oil types and ratios considerably affect the sensitivity and detonation velocity.Mixtures are sufficiently potent to generate hazardous fragments.Long-term storage causes an internal oil gradient.Mixtures with wide-ranging oil ratios can have highly sensitive points.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"owae019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment to reviewers-November 2022 to December 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"8 4","pages":"338-339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139973943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Sequencing of Human Identification Markers in an Uyghur Population Using the MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics System.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owae010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing with Short Overlapping Amplicons on Miseq FGx System.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"owae012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10965020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic DNA database and criminal investigation in the Sahel region: a need to update the national security policy?","authors":"Moutanou M J Zeye, Serge Y Ouedraogo, Missa Millogo, Florencia W Djigma, Abdou A Zoure, Moctar Zeba, Rachide Palenfo, Noe Dakio, Silvere D Zaongo, Xiang Wu, Jacques Simpore","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owad056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owad056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ongoing terrorist attacks in the Sahel region call for strengthening the security system by using human DNA identification technology. In this context, public opinion must be considered when establishing solid standards and universal safeguards for one of the most invasive forms of surveillance and profiling. For this purpose, we gathered internet users' opinions in Burkina Faso (a country located in the Sahel region) on the use of DNA technology to support criminal investigations. The results revealed that 91.7% (431) of the 470 participants believed that this technology is currently necessary for the Burkina Faso's criminal justice system. However, the respondents expressed concerns about the custody and management of a national forensic DNA database. In this particular security setting, the public opinion of this study may provide leaders and political policymakers with clues for considering genetic fingerprints and implementing an national forensic DNA database to support criminal investigations in Burkina Faso whilst also considering the ethical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"owad056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}