Forensic Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic signatures: a mathematical approach to analysis.","authors":"Jessica Baleiro Okado, Erick Simões da Camara E Silva, Priscila Dias Sily","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates mathematical tools (principal component analysis, dynamic time warping, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov hypothesis test) to analyse global and local data from dynamic signatures to reduce subjectivity and increase the reproducibility of handwriting examination using a two-step approach. A dataset composed of 1 800 genuine signature samples, 870 simulated signatures, and 60 disguises (30 formally similar or \"autosimulated\" and 30 random but different from usual) provided by 30 volunteers was collected. The first step involved global data analysis using principal component analysis and a hypothesis test performed for 62 global characteristics, and associations of these characteristics were analysed through calculations of multivariate distance followed by a hypothesis test. The second step involved the analysis of local characteristics including vertical and horizontal positions, speed, pressure gradient, acceleration, and jerk point-to-point, by using dynamic time warping followed by a hypothesis test. Optimization of sensitivity and specificity metrics of the hypothesis test was explored by varying its stringency and observing accuracy rates for the simulated and genuine groups. A <i>P</i>-value threshold of 1 × 10^-10 was found to be optimal, making the test more restrictive and yielding accuracy rates of 96.7% for genuine global data and 88.9% for simulated data. The same cut-off value for local characteristics provided an average accuracy rate of 95.4% for genuine samples and 94.7% for simulated samples, demonstrating high accuracy for both simulated and genuine samples. However, the method did not offer reasonable accuracy rates for disguises, consistent with observations in traditional handwriting examination. Our approach provided satisfactory results for forensic examination use. The visualization of graphs and signatures and analysis of all identifying elements of handwriting by the examining expert are still essential. In future studies, we plan to perform blind tests to validate our approach and propose a rigorous methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 4","pages":"owae067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11742148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study on distinguishing gel pen ink stains using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy combined with the <i>K</i>-means algorithm.","authors":"Yiting Yuan, Yu Tao, Da Qin","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the realm of document examination, the identification of suspicious alterations to handwritten documents is an important factor in case characterization. Investigating the differences in gel pen ink compositions has significant implications. In this study, we used desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to analyze the ink compositions of gel pens. The methodology involved the following steps. (i) Sample selection: a total of 227 gel pens available in the market were procured for the study. (ii) Pre-experimental parameter exploration: preliminary experiments were performed to optimize the experimental parameters. (iii) Analytical technique: DESI-MS was used to collect compositional data from the gel pen ink samples, without requiring pre-treatment of the samples. (iv) Data analysis: the obtained data were analyzed using the Davies-Bouldin index, Calinski-Harabasz index, and <i>K</i>-means algorithm for ink sample classification. The experimental findings indicated that DESI-MS is a viable method for examining the ink compositions of gel pens. Notably, the testing process is minimally destructive and does not necessitate pre-treatment of the samples. Furthermore, variations in the ink compositions were observed among different models of gel pens within the same brand, and the extent of the variation in the composition varied across brands. Additionally, there were instances in which the ink compositions of different brands of gel pens exhibited similarities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 4","pages":"owae066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Metric analysis of the patella for sex estimation in a Portuguese sample.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owae015.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Forensic efficiency and population genetic construction of Guizhou Gelao minority from Southwest China revealed by a panel of 23 autosomal STR loci.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad058.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11483241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Forensic features and phylogenetic structure survey of four populations from southwest China <i>via</i> the autosomal insertion/deletion markers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad052.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic identification in a multidisciplinary perspective focusing on big challenges.","authors":"Eugénia Cunha, Zuzana Obertová","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Potential role of the sella turcica X-ray imaging aspects for sex estimation in the field of forensic anthropology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad046.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Evaluation of data collection bias of third molar stages of mineralisation for age estimation in the living.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/fsr/owae057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owae004.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 3","pages":"owae057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11428377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of skeletal trauma resulting from motor vehicle collisions: a scoping literature review.","authors":"Alexandra Wulff, Richard G D Fernandez, Joanna F Dipnall, Soren Blau, Samantha K Rowbotham","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a leading cause of fatality, motor vehicle collisions comprise a significant proportion of medico-legal cases worldwide. During death investigations into such events, forensic practitioners may be asked to make inferences about the relationship between traumatic injuries and the circumstances of the collision. These interpretations require a thorough understanding of the hard and soft tissue blunt force trauma that results from vehicle collisions. This scoping literature review aimed to assess what is currently known about skeletal fracture patterns in occupants of fatal motor vehicle collisions and how contextual variables influence those fractures. Upon screening the search results from several databases based on a set of pre-defined inclusion criteria, 133 articles were identified including case reports, case series and large empirical studies. Most studies investigated car occupants, followed by motorcyclists, with very few focusing on heavy vehicle occupants. Fractures patterns observed comprised a high prevalence of rib, lower limb, and skull fractures in motorcyclists and a high frequency of skull, vertebral and rib fractures in car occupants, whilst pectoral girdle fractures were rare in both occupant types. The level of contextual detail about the collision varied between studies, with most failing to consider the influence of occupant and crash-related variables on resulting fractures. Further, there was a strong focus on soft tissue trauma and a lack of differentiation between fractures in deceased adult vehicle occupants and other groups. The minimal fracture data available in these studies provides limited assistance to forensic practitioners interpreting motor vehicle collision trauma. Additional research on fracture patterns in the context of the variables that influence trauma is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"10 2","pages":"owae064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12140010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I have a question about evaluative reporting: a comprehensive collection of FAQs.","authors":"Ronald Brent Ostrum","doi":"10.1093/fsr/owae062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/fsr/owae062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With various calls in the forensic scientific literature for pattern-matching disciplines to adopt evaluative reporting, which is also known as the likelihood ratio or logical approach, practitioners used to reporting evidence under a more traditional paradigm may have a level of apprehension and face a steep learning curve. There may be doubts about the benefits of evaluative reporting, when it applies and when it does not, what it actually entails, its validity, and how to explain it in court. These questions and more are answered in this comprehensive collection of frequently asked questions on evaluative reporting. While the focus is on providing context for forensic handwriting examiners, many of the questions and answers are general in nature and the concepts can be applied to other disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":45852,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Sciences Research","volume":"9 4","pages":"owae062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}