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The gender wage gap and the early-career effect: the role of actual experience and education level 性别工资差距与职业早期效应:实际经验和教育水平的作用
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12191
Hildegunn E. Stokke
{"title":"The gender wage gap and the early-career effect: the role of actual experience and education level","authors":"Hildegunn E. Stokke","doi":"10.1111/labr.12191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies how the gender wage gap develops with work experience throughout the career. The contribution is twofold. First, the analysis applies matched employer-employee register data with information on actual, rather than potential, experience. Second, the career effect of the gender wage gap is allowed to differ by workers’ education level. The male wage premium is small upon entry to the labor market, whereas it increases rapidly throughout the early career, before stabilizing. In contrast to the existing literature, the estimates reveal heterogeneity among high-educated workers, where the widening of the wage gap is much smaller for postgraduates than other college graduates.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/labr.12191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41758521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Shifting the Training Choice Decision to the Jobseeker—The Slovak Experience 向求职者转移培训选择决策——斯洛伐克的经验
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12189
Miroslav Stefanik
{"title":"Shifting the Training Choice Decision to the Jobseeker—The Slovak Experience","authors":"Miroslav Stefanik","doi":"10.1111/labr.12189","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We describe a reform in the allocation of training to unemployed jobseekers in Slovakia. Under the REPAS reform, unemployed jobseekers choose a specialization and training provider. This shift in responsibility from the caseworker to the client is comparable to the introduction of training vouchers under the German HARTZ I reform. Benefiting from research available on the German case, we first estimate the positive employment effects of training participation separately for the pre-REPAS and REPAS periods. Second, we quantify and disaggregate the overall effect of the reform, which does not appear to be driven by a change in the composition of the participants. However, for at least one training specialization, this change does play a role in the short run. The overall reform effect is not channelled through the newly created segment of rare training specializations or high-skilled participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/labr.12189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47920637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Linguistic Proximity and the Labour Market Performance of Immigrant Men in Canada 语言接近与加拿大移民男性的劳动力市场表现
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12190
Alícia Adserà, Ana Ferrer
{"title":"Linguistic Proximity and the Labour Market Performance of Immigrant Men in Canada","authors":"Alícia Adserà,&nbsp;Ana Ferrer","doi":"10.1111/labr.12190","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ability to speak the language of the destination country plays a key role in the labour market performance of immigrants. To assess the influence of language on economic assimilation, we combine large samples of the restricted version of the Canadian Census (1991–2006) with both a measure of proximity to English of the <i>most used</i> language in the immigrant’s country of origin, and information about wages and the occupational skills required for the jobs immigrant men hold. Immigrant men whose language is more distant from English earn lower wages and work in jobs requiring more physical strength and fewer social and analytical skills, than the jobs of similar native-born workers. More importantly, linguistic distance imposes a relatively larger wage penalty on college-educated upon entry into the country than on non-college educated individuals. However, both the wage and the analytical skill requirements of the jobs held by college-educated immigrant men from linguistically distant countries increase markedly with time in the country, while their physical strength requirements decline moderately. Our analysis suggests that facilitating language acquisition may speed up the labour market assimilation of immigrant men in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/labr.12190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42211007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Job Creators or Job Killers? Heterogeneous Effects of Industrial Robots on UK Employment 就业创造者还是就业杀手?工业机器人对英国就业的异质效应
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12192
Joel Kariel
{"title":"Job Creators or Job Killers? Heterogeneous Effects of Industrial Robots on UK Employment","authors":"Joel Kariel","doi":"10.1111/labr.12192","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is concern about robots taking our jobs. This analysis looks at the impact of industrial robot adoption in the UK. Using a novel instrument to deal with endogeneity of robot adoption, estimates suggest that higher robot use is associated with increased employment and some evidence of a positive effect on part-time pay, contrary to evidence from other countries. However, there is a large amount of heterogeneity across industries. The results show that industrial robots have directly replaced workers in automobile manufacturing. On the other hand, they have had positive effects on other areas of the labour market such as services.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/labr.12192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41388864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Duration Dependence and Labor Market Experience 持续时间依赖性和劳动力市场经验
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2021-01-28 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12188
Arne F. Lyshol, Plamen T. Nenov, Thea Wevelstad
{"title":"Duration Dependence and Labor Market Experience","authors":"Arne F. Lyshol,&nbsp;Plamen T. Nenov,&nbsp;Thea Wevelstad","doi":"10.1111/labr.12188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study whether unemployment duration dependence—the negative effect of a current unemployment spell on an individual's employment probability—varies with labor market experience. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the Current Population Survey, we show that although there is negative duration dependence for experienced workers, it is mostly absent for new entrants to the labor force. This difference suggests that structural forces in addition to <i>ex ante</i> heterogeneity in job-finding probabilities and dynamic selection may drive unemployment duration dependence. Our findings are robust to the econometric model used and to a number of demographic controls and time trends, as well as individual fixed effects. We also discuss whether a number of theories of duration dependence can explain our empirical findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/labr.12188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47590447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Role of Education in Mitigating Automation’s Effect on Wage Inequality 教育在减轻自动化对工资不平等的影响中的作用
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12187
Raja Bentaouet Kattan, Kevin Macdonald, Harry Anthony Patrinos
{"title":"The Role of Education in Mitigating Automation’s Effect on Wage Inequality","authors":"Raja Bentaouet Kattan,&nbsp;Kevin Macdonald,&nbsp;Harry Anthony Patrinos","doi":"10.1111/labr.12187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While automation has renewed the debate about labor market policy responses to inequality and job losses, less attention has been given to education policy. We present a general equilibrium model and empirical evidence showing how education mitigates wage inequality resulting from a recent, worst-case expectation of technology’s ability to automate job tasks. Our model predicts that education could reduce automation’s marginal effect on the wage gap between lower- and higher-skilled labor by up to 3 percentage points. Education policies that promote automation-complementing skill formation would reduce the need for costly labor market and wealth redistribution interventions later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/labr.12187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45530532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Norway’s Democratic Challenge 挪威的民主挑战
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8643472
Michael K. Honey
{"title":"Norway’s Democratic Challenge","authors":"Michael K. Honey","doi":"10.1215/15476715-8643472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-8643472","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of Norwegian labor history and social democracy, which challenges American capitalism and the labor movement to consider Martin Luther King, Jr.’s call for a “third way,” a more humane system mixing highly regulated and taxed capitalism with a strong social system powered by strong unions and a truce between workers and capitalists. The Nordic model flies in the face of American avaricious capitalism and challenges us to consider how a better society might exist even within capitalism. The author, a specialist in southern labor and civil rights history and Martin Luther King studies, urges historians to explore Norwegian and Scandinavian labor history and social democracy to see what it can teach us.","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45176885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Precarious Work of Care 护理的艰巨工作
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8643460
Elizabeth Faue, Josiah Rector
{"title":"The Precarious Work of Care","authors":"Elizabeth Faue, Josiah Rector","doi":"10.1215/15476715-8643460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-8643460","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a series of Service Employees’ International Union (SEIU) campaigns for protection from needlestick injuries, led by women health-care workers, from the dawn of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1980s through battles over the 1992 OSHA standard on blood-borne pathogens and the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000. We argue that these campaigns developed in response to the growing physical precarity of women health-care workers in the era of “managed care,” caused by the intensification and flexibilization of health-care labor and the deregulation and underfunding of OSHA and the CDC. We show how women workers challenged employers, OSHA, and elected federal officials to address workplace health hazards, through unions like SEIU and women’s, gay rights, and public health organizations. More broadly, we argue that the occupational hazards of health-care workers are a crucial but underexplored facet of workplace studies and the history of women workers in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46687374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Immigrant-Native Gap in Union Membership: A Question of Time, Sorting, or Culture? 工会成员中移民与本地人的差距:时间、分类还是文化的问题?
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/labr.12186
Sara Cools, Henning Finseraas, Magnus Bergli Rasmussen
{"title":"The Immigrant-Native Gap in Union Membership: A Question of Time, Sorting, or Culture?","authors":"Sara Cools,&nbsp;Henning Finseraas,&nbsp;Magnus Bergli Rasmussen","doi":"10.1111/labr.12186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/labr.12186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trade union membership is an indicator of social integration. In this paper, we study the gap in unionization rates between immigrants and natives using high-quality population-wide administrative data from Norway. We document that the average unionization rate among immigrants increases strongly with time since arrival, but it never catches up fully with that of natives. Variables describing labour market sorting explain well above half of the gap, mainly because immigrants tend to be employed in firms and industries with lower levels of unionization. There are significant differences in immigrants' unionization by their country of origin, but these differences are also largely accounted for by background characteristics and labour market sorting — and they do not extend to the second generation. We conclude that existing research, which has mainly relied on survey data, has understated the importance of labour market sorting for immigrants' low unionization rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/labr.12186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42577209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Steven Universe 史蒂文宇宙
IF 0.6
Labour-England Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/15476715-8643544
Bryan J. McCann
{"title":"Steven Universe","authors":"Bryan J. McCann","doi":"10.1215/15476715-8643544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-8643544","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48915862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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