Labour-England最新文献

{"title":"Reforming Dual Labor Markets: “Real” or “Contractual” Temporary Rates?","authors":"J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz,&nbsp;Manu García,&nbsp;Luis A. Puch,&nbsp;Jesús Ruiz","doi":"10.1111/labr.12290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12290","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper examines the impact of Spain's 2021 labor reform on job creation, job destruction, and employment duration using new, comprehensive daily administrative data. The reform's primary objective was to reduce the rate of nominal (i.e., contractual) temporary employment. Although the reform succeeded in lowering the incidence of temporary contracts in a dual labor market, the evidence indicates that overall employment stability—as measured by job duration—and short-term employment transitions (i.e., real or empirical temporary employment) have not experienced significant improvement, either across the economy or within specific industries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 2","pages":"162-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pension Reforms and Personnel Decisions","authors":"Peter Berg,&nbsp;Marissa Eckrote-Nordland,&nbsp;Mary Hamman,&nbsp;Daniela Hochfellner,&nbsp;Matthew M. Piszczek,&nbsp;Christopher J. Ruhm","doi":"10.1111/labr.12289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12289","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the empirical literature on the effects of pension reform on workers is broad, less is known about the impact on employers. Yet reforms that create incentives to postpone retirement may affect employer labor demand and labor costs, especially in settings where there are strict legal protections against age discrimination in employment. We examine whether the differential impact of pension reform leads to differences in the incidence of workforce downsizing and hiring. When looking at hiring, we find that firms with larger shares of older workers decrease overall hiring. However, they have an increase in the shares of newly hired older workers. Results on downsizing are mixed, yet all are very small and statistically insignificant. This may be due to strong work protections in place in Germany.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 2","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Effect of Wrongful Discharge Laws on Women's Occupational Employment","authors":"Eric Hoyt,&nbsp;Fidan Ana Kurtulus","doi":"10.1111/labr.12287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12287","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous empirical literature on US wrongful discharge laws, a judicial form of employment protection, has identified ways in which these policies have changed employers' hiring and firing practices, but has lacked a systematic analysis of the impact on workplace gender composition. This paper is the first to investigate the impact of state adoption of wrongful discharge laws on occupational gender diversity within American workplaces. We use restricted establishment-level longitudinal data that are uniquely suited for the analysis of this topic obtained from the United States. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEO-1 Employer Information Reports). We utilize difference-in-differences regression methodology to first estimate the overall impact of wrongful discharge laws, and then examine the dynamics of wrongful discharge law impacts using event study regressions. We then examine the interplay between state wrongful discharge laws and state gender employment discrimination laws in shaping female employment composition at workplaces. First, we find that the adoption of one wrongful discharge law in particular, the good faith doctrine, is associated with an increase in women's employment share in laborer jobs within private-sector establishments of 0.80 percentage points, and that this is a causal impact given the pattern of yearly impacts found using our event study analysis. Our findings suggest that the good faith doctrine has facilitated reduction in barriers women have historically faced in blue-collar jobs. Second, while we find that the good faith doctrine is associated with a statistically significant increase in the share of women in officer and managerial jobs, and that the public policy doctrine is associated with a significant rise in women's share of professional jobs, our event study results cast doubt that these are causal impacts. Finally, our exploration of the interaction between state wrongful discharge laws and state gender discrimination laws reveals that, generally, state gender discrimination laws neither amplify nor diminish the impact of wrongful discharge laws on women's occupational employment within establishments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 2","pages":"101-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Benefits of Early Work Experience for School Dropouts: Evidence From a Field Experiment","authors":"Jérémy Hervelin,&nbsp;Pierre Villedieu","doi":"10.1111/labr.12288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12288","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper focuses on the question of whether job-related work experience, especially in tight occupations, is sufficient to increase the employment opportunities of school dropouts in comparison with graduates. To answer this question, we conducted a correspondence study with 6400 applications sent to real job offers and 8200 unsolicited applications between January and December 2018. We find that dropouts have lower probabilities of being interviewed for job positions than graduates, but this gap narrows for dropouts who gained work experience and even more so when skills certification is associated. Furthermore, we find that tougher competition with external job seekers shrinks the interview rate of all applicants toward the minimum interview observed rate.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 2","pages":"129-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Empirical Model of the Determinants of Sickness and the Choice Between Presenteeism and Absence","authors":"Théo Denis,&nbsp;Joseph Lanfranchi","doi":"10.1111/labr.12286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article revisits the association between employment characteristics, working conditions, and the annual duration of sickness presenteeism or absence using a French representative survey. Our novel estimation method controls for endogenous participation, as working conditions can affect employees' likelihood of illness separately from the decision to stay at home or work ill. We use a copula approach to model the link between illness and the duration of presenteeism and absence. Without correcting for endogenous participation, our estimates would be biased, and the determinants of sickness absence or presenteeism incorrectly identified. This work helps to highlight firm policy instruments that protect health and affect the choice between sickness presenteeism and absence.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 1","pages":"61-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsidies for Permanent Employment in the Time of Covid-19","authors":"Antonio Accetturo,&nbsp;Francesca Modena,&nbsp;Giacomo Ziglio","doi":"10.1111/labr.12283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12283","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper examines the impact of a regional policy aimed at fostering permanent employment in the aftermath of the Covid-19 recession. Using administrative micro-data from the Italian private sector, we identify the impact of the subsidies by exploiting the variation in their implementation across regions and time. We find that, on average, there was a positive and sizeable impact on conversion from fixed-term to open-ended job positions. We observe that the average effect hides some heterogeneity, with medium-high educated workers and youths benefiting more. As a further result, we show that the policy had no effect on labour poaching.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 1","pages":"23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"With a Little Help From Nurseries","authors":"Chiara Puccioni,&nbsp;Daniela Vuri","doi":"10.1111/labr.12285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12285","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the impact of an Italian government initiative launched in 2007, which allocated €1 billion to regional governments to enhance early childhood care services for children aged 0–2, targeting both public and private childcare options. Exploiting variations in the timing of implementation across regions, we assess the program's effectiveness in increasing the public provision of early childcare services and maternal labor market participation. Results show a significant increase in both public childcare slots and labor market participation among mothers. However, the initiative had limited effects on less-educated women, likely due to the service's relatively high costs, which may hinder broader accessibility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment and Distributional Effects of Greece's National Minimum Wage","authors":"Stelios Roupakias","doi":"10.1111/labr.12284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explores the short-run effects of minimum wage policies on the distribution of earnings and employment. We exploit the variation in the “bite” of the minimum wage across region-industry cells, employing data from the Greek Labour Force Survey over the period 2015–2020. Using a Difference-in-Differences strategy, we estimate unconditional quantile regressions that yield economically important effects, at the bottom end of the earnings distribution. In particular, the estimated coefficients suggest a 14% and 7% rise in the wages for workers concentrated around the 10th and the 20th percentile, respectively. Importantly, we find that this does not come at the expense of disemployment effects, either at the extensive or at the intensive margin.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 1","pages":"43-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination toward the visually impaired and quota policies in the labor market","authors":"Sylvain Chareyron,&nbsp;Yannick L'Horty,&nbsp;Louise Mbaye,&nbsp;Pascale Petit","doi":"10.1111/labr.12282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12282","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We measure discrimination in access to employment toward people with visual impairment in France and explore its relationship with two public policies designed to facilitate the integration of disabled people into the workforce: the obligation on the employer to adapt the workstation, and a quota policy intended to incentivize the hiring of people with disabilities. We use the correspondence test method in combination with a difference-in-differences strategy, to explore the effects of these different policies. We show that applicants with visual impairments face significant discrimination, and we suggest that the level of discrimination is influenced by both policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"38 4","pages":"558-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of a multifaceted program on fragile individuals. Evidence from an RCT in Italy","authors":"Daniela Del Boca,&nbsp;Chiara Pronzato","doi":"10.1111/labr.12281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increase in poverty rates among families and individuals in Italy over the past two decades can be attributed largely to repeated periods of economic crisis. Growing concern over the problem has driven interest in the role of policy in supporting household welfare. Responding to the currently limited access to (or provision of) public aid and assistance, private institutions and philanthropic foundations have stepped up their efforts to create new initiatives for alleviating poverty. In this paper, we use a randomized control trial (RCT) to evaluate the impact of a new Italian program aimed at supporting vulnerable individuals in four separate but related areas of household welfare: employment, financial circumstances, family responsibilities and housing conditions. The program, known as Integro, was introduced by the <i>Compagnia di San Paolo</i>, one of Italy's largest philanthropic institutions. Our findings indicate a positive and statistically significant impact of Integro on three of the four target outcomes considered, with only the fourth (housing conditions) not being affected. We also sought to identify any initial conditions potentially influencing the extent to which participants benefit from the program. Is Integro equally effective for everyone? According to our data, the program provides the best outcomes for males reporting lower human capital and greater socio-emotional stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"38 4","pages":"541-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}