{"title":"Evaluation of ivermectin antiviral activity against avian infectious bronchitis virus using a chicken embryo model","authors":"D. Reynolds, E. Simpson","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2022.2050077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2022.2050077","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ivermectin is widely used in both animals and humans as an FDA-approved parasiticide. Ivermectin has also been reported to have antiviral activity against several viruses including coronaviruses. There are reports that indicate ivermectin may have some role in diminishing the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, but the evidence is inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine if ivermectin was efficacious in inhibiting avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV, a coronavirus) replication in chicken embryos. Briefly, our approach was to use the Massachusetts vaccine strain of IBV in combination with various doses of ivermectin and then inoculate these preparations into chicken embryos to determine if IBV replication was inhibited. The embryos were examined for IBV lesions and samples of chorioallantoic fluid were collected for IBV RT-PCR analysis. Several trials were performed, and the results of our study indicate that ivermectin did not inhibit IBV replication in chicken embryos.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"71 1","pages":"19 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78100371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supakarn Kaewchot, S. Tangsudjai, L. Sariya, Chalisa Mongkolphan, Aeknarin Saechin, Rattana Sariwongchan, Natanon Panpeth, Salintorn Thongsahuan, P. Suksai
{"title":"Zoonotic pathogens survey in free-living long-tailed macaques in Thailand","authors":"Supakarn Kaewchot, S. Tangsudjai, L. Sariya, Chalisa Mongkolphan, Aeknarin Saechin, Rattana Sariwongchan, Natanon Panpeth, Salintorn Thongsahuan, P. Suksai","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2022.2040176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2022.2040176","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are known to harbour a variety of infectious pathogens, including zoonotic species. Long-tailed macaques and humans coexist in Thailand, which creates potential for interspecies pathogen transmission. This study was conducted to assess the presence of B virus, Mycobacterium spp., simian foamy virus (SFV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Plasmodium spp. in 649 free-living Thai long-tailed macaques through polymerase-chain reaction. DNA of SFV (56.5%), HBV (0.3%), and Plasmodium spp. (2.2%) was detected in these macaques, whereas DNA of B virus and Mycobacterium spp. was absent. SFV infection in long-tailed macaques is broadly distributed in Thailand and is correlated with age. The HBV sequences in this study were similar to HBV sequences from orangutans. Plasmodium spp. DNA was identified as P. inui. Collectively, our results indicate that macaques can carry zoonotic pathogens, which have a public health impact. Surveillance and awareness of pathogen transmission between monkeys and humans are important.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"137 1","pages":"11 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80522686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors related to survival time in dogs with pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease stage C.","authors":"Jutamas Udomkiattikul, Noppasorn Kirdratanasak, Panatsada Siritianwanitchakul, Wasaporn Worapunyaanun, Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2022.2067630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2022.2067630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). The aim of this study was to determine the survival time and to determine factors related to the survival time of dogs with PH secondary to DMVD stage C. A retrospective study was conducted in 37 dogs with PH secondary to DMVD stage C to analyse the median survival time and associated factors such as age, sex, breed, body weight, the presence of syncope, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, manifestation of congestive heart failure (CHF), vertebral heart score (VHS), the presence of left or right heart enlargement, probability of PH and medication. Data were analysed using the Log-Rank test and plotted with the Kaplan-Meier curve. The results showed that the median survival time of dogs with PH secondary to DMVD stage C was 368 days, and factors that shortened the median survival time of dogs with PH secondary to DMVD stage C were mixed breeds, VHS > 11.5, the presence of right heart enlargement, ascites and high probability of PH. Factors associated with an increased hazard of death were mixed breed dogs, dogs with right heart enlargement and ascites. These findings may be useful for the prognosis and management of dogs with PH secondary to DMVD stage C.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9068001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10598657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caterina Puccinelli, Tina Pelligra, Angela Briganti, Simonetta Citi
{"title":"Two-dimensional shear wave elastography of liver in healthy dogs: anaesthesia as a source of variability.","authors":"Caterina Puccinelli, Tina Pelligra, Angela Briganti, Simonetta Citi","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2022.2073138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2022.2073138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is a non-invasive method to quantitatively evaluate the liver stiffness (LS), allowing the detection of hepatic pathological changes in both dogs and humans. In dogs, some factors such as patient movement and respiration can cause artefacts and potential errors of measurements. Therefore, anaesthesia has been suggested to reduce the effect of the movement on 2D-SWE in dogs. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of an anaesthetic protocol on 2D-SWE measurements for assessment of LS in healthy dogs. Forty-five dogs were included and subjected to anaesthesia: in 11 dogs, the 2D-SWE was performed both before and under anaesthesia, in 19 dogs, the 2D-SWE was performed only when they were awake and in 15 dogs, the examination was carried out only under anaesthesia. The anaesthetic protocol was composed of intramuscular injection of a combination of dexmedetomidine, methadone and ketamine and intravenous administration of propofol for induction and isoflurane for maintenance. The variability of 2D-SWE values according to anaesthesia was evaluated. Median 2D-SWE values were significantly higher in anesthetized dogs compared to awake dogs either by considering separately the dogs in which the examination was performed both awake and under anaesthesia and by considering all dogs included. According to our study, anaesthesia helped to avoid challenges related to patient movement and respiration; however, it was a source of variability on 2D-SWE values, and this factor should be considered before performing 2D-SWE under anaesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9132446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10394899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sugiharto Sugiharto, Anugrah R Pratama, Turrini Yudiarti
{"title":"Growth performance of broiler chickens fed on sprouted-papaya seed based diets.","authors":"Sugiharto Sugiharto, Anugrah R Pratama, Turrini Yudiarti","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1992960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2021.1992960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigated how sprouted-papaya seed meal (SPSM) a total of affected the growth and carcase traits of broilers. Based on a completely randomized design, 390 day-old Lohmann broiler chicks were allotted to CONT (chicks provided with control diet), SEED25 (diet containing 2.5% papaya seed meal), GERM1 (diet containing 1% SPSM), GERM25 (diet containing 2.5% SPSM) and GERM5 (diet containing 5% SPSM). Body weight and feed intake of chickens were weekly recorded from 14 to 36 days of age, while birds (six birds per treatment group; 30 birds in total) were slaughtered at day 36. Feeding SPSM up to 5% did not impair (<i>p</i> > 0.05) broilers' growth or feed intake. At 5%, SPSM compromised (<i>p</i> < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and reduced breast meat proportion. SPSM at 2.5% in diets had no (<i>p</i> > 0.05) detrimental effects, while papaya seed meal at the same proportion lowered (<i>p</i> < 0.05) final body weight, weight gain, and cumulative feed intake. Overall, SPSM may be incorporated in broiler rations up to 2.5% with no harmful effects on growth, feed intake, FCR and carcase traits of broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"62-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39605383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar Sayed Saeed, Ayman Hany El-Deeb, Hussein Aly Hussein Ahmed
{"title":"No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> bat in Egypt.","authors":"Omar Sayed Saeed, Ayman Hany El-Deeb, Hussein Aly Hussein Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1991135","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1991135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bats are considered ideal reservoirs for zoonotic viruses with emerging capabilities over the past two decades and spotted evidence points out that they may play a role as a reservoir host for SARS-CoV-2. To investigate the possible role of bats as part of SARS-CoV-2 anthropozoonotic spill-over infections in Egypt, a total of 800 samples obtained from 200 Egyptian fruit bats (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using quantitative RT-PCR assay (RT-qPCR). RT-qPCR analysis of RNA extracted from bat tissues showed no positive results for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. These findings suggest that during the study period, the <i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i> bat was not a reservoir or amplifying host for SARS-CoV-2 infection in Egypt. The lack of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in Egyptian fruit bats is thought to make a significant contribution to SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8567868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39638238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Migratory birds as a potential overseas transmitter of Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>.","authors":"Aya Seleem, Maha A Sabry, Khaled A Abdel-Moein","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1989937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2021.1989937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) has a great public health importance. This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of migratory birds in the transmission of STEC. For this purpose, cloacal swabs were collected from 349 migratory birds (209 ducks and 140 quails) from Damietta governorate, Egypt. The collected swabs were cultured for isolation of STEC using the STEC CHROMagar. STEC isolates were identified based on colonial characteristics, Gram's stain, conventional biochemical tests and molecular detection of <i>stx1, stx2</i> and <i>eae</i> genes. Positive isolates were serotyped and examined for their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Furthermore, gene sequencing was performed for genes <i>stx1</i>and <i>stx2</i>. Of the examined birds, two STEC isolates were a obtained with an overall occurrence rate 0.57% (2/349), one isolate carried <i>stx2</i> gene from a migratory quail 0.71% (1/140), and another isolate from a migratory duck carried <i>stx1</i> gene 0.48% (1/209), whereas both isolates were negative for <i>eae</i> gene. Moreover, the duck isolate was serotyped O86, while the quail isolate was serotyped O125; both isolates were multidrug resistant. The phylogenetic analysis of the obtained <i>stx1</i> and <i>stx2</i> genes revealed high genetic relatedness to those isolated from human cases in the countries where such birds either lived or were in their migratory pathway. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential role of migratory birds in transmitting multidrug-resistant STEC across their migratory pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39605382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Usefulness of peripheral venous blood gas analyses in cats with arterial thromboembolism.","authors":"Jidapa Tosuwan, Vachira Hunprasit, Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1982335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2021.1982335","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Feline arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is a condition with a high mortality rate. Acid-base abnormalities may be beneficial to the prognosis of cats with ATE. Venous blood gas and electrolytes data on the first day of ATE presentation of 47 cats with ATE were retrospectively reviewed and analysed. The Cox and logistic regression were analysed to evaluate the relationship between acid-base parameters and death. The most common venous acid-base disorder was simple metabolic acidosis. Age, body weight, and partial venous pressure of carbon dioxide (PvCO2) differed between the dead and alive groups within 7 days of the onset of ATE presentation (p < 0.05). Cox-regression showed that increasing age (HR=1.175 [95% CI: 1.027-1.343], p = 0.019), increasing PvCO2 (HR=1.066 [95% CI: 1.010-1.125], p = 0.021) and PvCO2 more than 34 mmHg (HR=7.878 [95% CI: 1.036- 59.915], p = 0.046) were associated with increased hazard of death. Multivariable logistic regression showed that age > 5 years (OR=9.030, 95% CI: 1.258- 64.823; p=0.029), and PvCO2 > 34 mmHg (OR=21.764, 95% CI: 1.747-271.141; p=0.017) were associated with an increased risk of death, while concomitant administration of enoxaparin with clopidogrel (OR=0.111, 95% CI: 0.015-0.795; p=0.029) were associated with a decreased risk of death within 7 days of the onset of ATE presentation. This study demonstrated the power of venous blood gas analysis which may be used as prognostic indicators for cats with ATE.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39605381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I Made Kardena, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi, Nyoman Mantik Astawa, Mark O'Dea, Michael Laurence, Shafi Sahibzada, Mieghan Bruce
{"title":"Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia: ecological and socio-cultural perspectives.","authors":"I Made Kardena, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi, Nyoman Mantik Astawa, Mark O'Dea, Michael Laurence, Shafi Sahibzada, Mieghan Bruce","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1975879","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1975879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing number of cases of acute encephalitis syndrome, a key presenting clinical sign of Japanese encephalitis infection in humans, along with increasing laboratory confirmed cases in Bali over recent years have led to the Indonesian government developing a national program of vaccination against Japanese encephalitis virus. In order to inform multidisciplinary management, a review was conducted to assess Japanese encephalitis virus-related cases in humans and animals including their determinants and detection in vectors. Along with published literature, key data from local authorized officers in Bali have been used to convey the recent situation of the disease. Related surveys detected up to 92% of the local children had antibodies against the virus with the annual incidence estimated to be 7.1 per 100,000 children. Additionally, reports on young and adult cases of infection within international travellers infected in Bali were documented with both non-fatal and fatal outcomes. Further seroprevalence surveys detected up to 90% with antibodies to the virus in animal reservoirs. The detection of the virus in certain <i>Culex</i> mosquito species and high levels of seropositivity may be associated with greater risk of the virus transmission to the human population. It was also highlighted that local sociocultural practices for agriculture and livestock were potentially associated with the high density of the vector and the reservoirs, which then may lead to the risk of the disease transmission in the ecology of Bali.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39470519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Jahangir Alam, Mahfuzul Islam, Che-Ok Jeon, Ki-Choon Lee, Seon-Ho Kim, Chul-Ju Yang, M Enayet Kabir, Sang-Suk Lee
{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> assessment of probiotic potential of selected bacteria isolated from pig faeces with potential application of odour reduction.","authors":"M Jahangir Alam, Mahfuzul Islam, Che-Ok Jeon, Ki-Choon Lee, Seon-Ho Kim, Chul-Ju Yang, M Enayet Kabir, Sang-Suk Lee","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1936962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2021.1936962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the odour reduction potential of four different bacterial species such as <i>Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Acetobacter tropicalis</i>, and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> subsp. <i>subtilis</i> that were isolated from fresh faeces of pigs and identified based on16S rDNA gene sequence analyses. Faecal slurry in anaerobic salt medium with 1% soluble starch (which was served as control group) and the addition of four different isolated bacterial cultures (1.0 × 10<sup>7</sup>CFU/mL), designated as M1, M2, M3, and M4, respectively, were incubated anaerobically for 12 and 24 h. Total gas production was increased with the incubation period (<i>p < 0.05</i>). M1 and M4 had decreased pattern (<i>p < 0.05</i>) of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide gas from 12 to 24 h. The lowest total volatile fatty acids (<i>p</i> < 0.05), highest lactate, and moderate butyrate concentration was observed in the M1 group at 24 h of incubation. Likewise, M1 group had the lowest total biogenic amine, histamine, ethylamine, putrescine, methylamine, and cadaverine compared to the other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at 24 h of incubation. Overall results suggest that <i>E. faecium</i> can be used as a potent odour reducer in pigs production.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23144599.2021.1936962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39197315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}