International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of Chitin Extraction, Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Chitosan Production from Shells of Karamote Shrimp Peneaus (Melicertus) Kerathurus in Western Greece","authors":"","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000052","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to optimize by chemical methods the extraction of chitin and chitosan from shells of Karamote shrimp Peneaus (Melicertus) kerathurus . Shrimp waste can be used as source of high value compounds. Chitin is a major component of the exoskeleton of invertebrates and chemically is a linear polysaccharide of β (1→4) linked N-acetylglucosamine monomers. Chitosan is a deacetylated form of chitin having d-glucosamine repeating units linked by β (1-4) glycosidic bond. The extraction method uses different concentrations of sodium or potassium hydroxide in the deproteinization (protein separation) and deacetylation (remove acetyl groups) step and hydrochloric acid for demineralization (separation of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate) to yield optimum output. Among all experiments, results of 1.0 N solution of HCl for demineralization, 2 N for deproteination and 12.5 N NaOH solutions for deacetylation at solid to solvent ratio of 1: 15, clearly demonstrate a significant yield of chitin and chitosan. The results obtained from this study show also that the solubility of chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution achieved up to 90%.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74015521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates from poultry in Uganda.","authors":"Steven Kakooza,&nbsp;Adrian Muwonge,&nbsp;Esther Nabatta,&nbsp;Wilfred Eneku,&nbsp;Dickson Ndoboli,&nbsp;Eddie Wampande,&nbsp;Damian Munyiirwa,&nbsp;Edrine Kayaga,&nbsp;Maria Agnes Tumwebaze,&nbsp;Mathias Afayoa,&nbsp;Paul Ssajjakambwe,&nbsp;Dickson Stuart Tayebwa,&nbsp;Sayaka Tsuchida,&nbsp;Torahiko Okubo,&nbsp;Kazunari Ushida,&nbsp;Ken'ichi Sakurai,&nbsp;Francis Mutebi","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1926056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2021.1926056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are increasing reports of antimicrobial treatment failures for bacterial diseases of poultry in Uganda. The paucity of data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogenic bacteria in Uganda is a major setback to AMR control. This study investigated the occurrence of fowl typhoid, colibacillosis, and AMR in associated pathogens from 2012 to 2018. Laboratory records from the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL), a National Veterinary Diagnostic Facility located at Makerere University, were reviewed. Archived isolates of the causative bacteria for the two diseases were also evaluated for AMR. The frequencies of the two disease conditions, their clinical and necropsy presentations and the demographic data of the diagnostic samples were summarized from the records. Archived bacterial isolates were revived before antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This was done on Mueller Hinton agar using the disk diffusion method, against 16 antimicrobials of medical and veterinary importance according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. A total of 697 poultry cases were presented for bacteriological investigations in the review period. Colibacillosis and salmonellosis had prevalence rates of 39.7% (277/697) and 16.2% (113/697), respectively. A total of 63 and 92 isolates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> spp., respectively, were archived but 43 (68.3%) <i>E. coli</i> and 47 (51.1%) <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates were recovered and evaluated for AMR. Multidrug resistance was more frequent in <i>E. coli</i> (38; 88.4%) than salmonellae (25; 53.2%), (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The high prevalence of colibacillosis, salmonellosis and the AMR of associated pathogens warrants immediate institution of appropriate disease control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23144599.2021.1926056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39076758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aprosopia/holoprosencephaly in a stillborn puppy: when the face predicts the brain.","authors":"Clairton Marcolongo Pereira,&nbsp;Tayná B Silva,&nbsp;Laiz Zaché Roque,&nbsp;Bárbara Barros,&nbsp;Luiz Alexandre Moscon,&nbsp;Ana Lucia Schild,&nbsp;Claudio S L Barros,&nbsp;Leonardo Schüler-Faccini,&nbsp;Lavinia Schuler-Faccini","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1897740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2021.1897740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a litter of three puppies, one was stillborn and had facial and brain defects. Fusion of the maxilla and mandible and absence of the face were observed. The forebrain (telencephalon and the diencephalon) was reduced in size and fused, and the telencephalic longitudinal fissure, olfactory bulbs, and optic nerves were absent (Figures 6 and 7). Lissencephaly was observed in the telencephalon and cerebellum. A diagnosis of aprosopia/holoprosencephaly was made.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23144599.2021.1897740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38891447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial medial calcification (Mönckeberg's sclerosis) with chronic renal disease in a zoo-kept Southern tamandua (<i>Tamandua tetradactyla</i>).","authors":"Tohru Kimura,&nbsp;Kengo Inaka","doi":"10.1080/23144599.2021.1899408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2021.1899408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arterial medial calcification observed in animals is equivalent to Mönckeberg's sclerosis in human beings. This lesion is rarely reported in domestic animals. In addition, little information is available concerning the occurrence of arterial medial calcification in zoo animals. The aim of the current work was to report arterial medial calcification incidentally encountered in a Southern tamandua (<i>Tamandua tetradactyla</i>). This paper described the clinical findings, haematological and serum biochemical profiles, and histopathological results. Haematological examinations showed decreases in white blood cell counts, erythrocytic parameters and platelets. In serum biochemical examinations, both of the creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels markedly increased in this study. Glucose concentrations dramatically declined from the normal levels to the critical conditions. There was electrolytic imbalance which was not accompanied by increases in calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations. Enzyme activities (ALP, AST, ALP, γ-GT, LDH and CK) remarkably increased just before the animal died. Histopathological examinations revealed that this marked and thickened calcification extended linearly around the circumference of the vessels. The calcified deposits were located entirely within the medial layer of the arterial wall. The lesions showed involvement of the internal elastic lamina with calcification. Severe calcification was observed in the glomerular capsules, indicating serious chronic kidney disease. We concluded that arterial medial calcification in the Southern tamandua arose with progressing chronic kidney failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23144599.2021.1899408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38891446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation and Recognition by Immune Hosts of a Sheep Nematode Parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta Chitinase","authors":"AgResearch Ltd, Invi t ing Innova t ions","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000055","url":null,"abstract":"Characterisation and","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76113839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural Correlates of Neutering Male Dogs -a Question of Breed?","authors":"CA Kolkmeyer","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000054","url":null,"abstract":"Castration of dogs is often conducted as a preventive measure against diseases and undesirable behaviour. While female dogs are preferably neutered for medical reasons, owners of male dogs hope for an improvement in behavior. Although there is a lack of scientific knowledge on this subject, neutering is often conducted to get a more trainable and less aggressive dog. The aim of this study is to examine castration from an ethological perspective and to reveal possible behavioural changes after castration related to breed. An online study was conducted consisting of two different questionnaires about the dog’s personality. A total of 242 dog owners participated in the study concerning specific behaviour problems (n = 130 intact and 112 neutered males). Another 211 owners of males (n = 115 intact, 96 neutered) completed the questionnaire about personality traits (dog sociability, trainability, emotional stability and extraversion) based on Turcsán et al. 2011. Four breed categories were formed following Parker et al. (2017): shepherds, retrievers, terriers, and hunting Dogs. Our study reveals that intact males are bolder than neutered males. Intact males have lower aggression scores than neutered ones. Castrated males show significantly more panic behavior (multinomial logistic Regression, p = 0.04). Intact shepherds are bolder than neutered ones (Mann-Whiney-U-Test: p = 0.03) and intact terriers are bolder than neutered terriers (Mann-Whitney-U = Test: p = 0.04). Intact terriers scored lower for aggression than neutered ones. With these results and the data of previous studies, we question castration to modify behavior, as a measure for reproductive control and as a preventive measure against diseases.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85206938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of In-Vivo Effect of St. John’s Wort (Hypericum Perforatum) In Lung Cancer","authors":"EO Serinan, OE Gökbayrak","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000056","url":null,"abstract":"Due to limitations in the treatment of lung cancer, finding natural compounds from plants can provide an alternative treatment for lung cancer. St. John’s Wort (SJW) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties that can be used in lung cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to explore antitumor effect of SJW in lung cancer in vivo animal model. 35 animals; 7 animals in each group were randomized as control, Doxorubicin, SJW early treatment, SJW treatment, and doxorubicin+SJW groups. After 7 days sacrification was performed. Tumor diameter did not show statistically significant change but in all four-group compared with control group; tumor tissue showed prominent necrosis and apoptosis. No histologic changes observed in other tissues. Biochemistry did not show organ insufficiency. SJW is shown to have antitumoral effect in subcutaneous xenograft lung cancer in vivo model in nude mice. Dose was obtained comparing with DOX. In combination with DOX, there were no synergistic increase in anti-tumo effect. SJW might be a candidate antineoplastic supplementation in lung cancer.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78002389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter in a Lactating Mare","authors":"J. Maxwell","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000050","url":null,"abstract":"The mare presented subdued, lethargic and with a lowered head. There was little clinical evidence of sweating and the mare was assessed as not being markedly dehydrated. The mare walked into the hospital and was steady on its feet, but exhibited breathing difficulties. On physical examination, the mare was observed to have very rapid abdominal respiration and on auscultation of the chest, was found to have synchronous heart and respiratory rates of nearly 60 per minute, causing the mare considerable respiratory distress and an exaggerated respiratory sound.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78691936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Triclabendazole Resistance in Fasciola","authors":"Warkaw Merachew, T. Alemneh","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000051","url":null,"abstract":"The control of Fasciolosis can be achieved by application of anthelmintic drugs, elimination of the number of intermediate hosts and reduction of exposure to infection. Triclabendazole, which is a member of Benzimidazole, is most recommended and effective way of controlling fasciolosis in animals and humans that can kill both mature (adult) and immature liver flukes. This drug have able to penetrate the tegument of Fasciola (F) hepatica by diffusion, and the fluke is able to sulfoxidate the drug to the active sulfoxide metabolite which binds to β-tubulin and thus inhibit the formation of microtubules that are components of cytoskeleton of the parasite. However, in recent year, resistance of Triclabendazole is reported in animals and humans in different regions of the world. Resistance has likely appeared due to a generally poor understanding of liver fluke biology by farmers and con-founding factors, such as incorrect dosing, inappropriate product choice, and lack of testing for efficacy. These conditions may lead to reduced diffusion and metabolism of the drug, change efflux pump activity and changes in the target molecule that can reduce the effectiveness of Triclabendazole. Both in-vivo and in-vitro methods, like Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) and the Egg Hatch Assay (EHA), respectively, can help to investigate the resistance of Triclabendazole. Administration of dual active flukicide drugs, development of vaccines, implementation of Fasciola control methods other than Triclabendazole, and use of accurate dosage at appropriate time can help to reduce the incidence of Triclabendazole resistance.","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81280649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Multiple Drug Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Isolates from Selected Dairy Farms in Hawassa Town, Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.13188/2325-4645.1000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2325-4645.1000049","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to May 2018 on selected dairy farms in Hawassa town to isolate and assess the in-vitro antibiotic biogram of Salmonella from lactating dairy cows, personnel’s and equipments at farms. A total of 216 samples were collected from selected dairy farms. All samples were processed bacteriologically following standard procedures outlined by ISO 6579: 2002. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 12.9% (28/216) of the total samples. Out of total, 64.3% (18/28), 10.7% (3/28) and 25% (7/28) were from lactating cows, personnels’, and equipments, respectively. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, all isolates were resistant at least to one or more antimicrobials tested. Accordingly, 96.4% (27/28), 82.1% (23/28) and 75.0% (21/28) isolates showed resistance for oxytetracycline, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid, respectively. Out of all the resistant isolates, 96.4% (27/28) showed multiple antibiotic resistance (resistance to two or more antibiotics) patterns. Multiple antimicrobials resistance was observed in 66.7% (18/27), 7.4% (2/27) and 25.9% (7/27) from lactating cows, personnels’, and equipments, respectively. Thus, awareness creation to the public regarding the public health importance of multiple drug-resistant Salmonella species and the consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products is important. Fesseha H*, Aliye S, Kifle T and Mathewos M School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia *Address for correspondence: Haben Fesseha, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia, PO Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Southern, Ethiopia; E-mail: tseyon.h@gmail.com Submission: 20-January-2020 Accepted: 21-February-2020 Published: 22February-2020 Copyright: © 2020 Fesseha H Heredia Peralta DT, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research Article Open Access","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78401459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}