International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Temperature-dependent Persistence of African Swine Fever Virus.","authors":"Da-Young Kim, Yong-Myung Kang, Yeon-Hee Kim, Hae-Eun Kang, Dae-Sung Yoo, Ki-Hyun Cho","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_28_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_28_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal swine disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), resulting in substantial socio-economic impacts in affected regions worldwide. The remarkable environmental stability and tenacity of ASFV play a critical role in indirect transmission through contaminated carcasses and fomites. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the survival of ASFV in multiple sample types relevant to potential indirect transmission routes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The stability and tenacity of ASFV in whole blood, oral and rectal swabs, and tissues, including the spleen, liver, kidney, and muscle, were evaluated under four temperature conditions (-20°C, 4°C, 21°C, and 37°C) over defined storage periods using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and virus titration with statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASFV stability and tenacity were significantly influenced by sample type, storage temperature, and incubation time, exhibiting a clear inverse relationship with temperature. Whole blood showed the highest tenacity, maintained for up to 168 days at -20°C and 4°C. Viral genomes and infectivity in tissue and swab samples were better preserved at lower temperatures, whereas infectivity rapidly declined at higher temperatures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ASFV shows strong temperature-dependent environmental resistance, with increased risk of indirect transmission under cold conditions, which supports the establishment of effective quarantine strategies for ASF control.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Shiga-toxin <i>Escherichia coli</i> Contamination of Raw Milk in Pastoralist Farms in Narok County, Kenya.","authors":"Eric Emali Eshitera, Gabriel Oluga Aboge, Peter Baaro Gathura, Evalyn Wanjiru Mwihia, Alfred Omwando Mainga, Joshua Orungo Onono","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_25_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_25_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Narok County has recorded the highest global isolation of the foodborne Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC). Nevertheless, information regarding transmission risk in the food systems is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate risk factors associated with isolation of STEC from bulked farm milk in Narok County.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>STEC strains were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological and molecular methods. Management practices data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression analyses determined the relevant predictors and model performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>E. coli</i> was isolated from 15.1% (confidence interval [CI]: 9.2-21.0, <i>n</i> = 139) of the raw milk samples; the majority (85.7%, CI: 70.8-100.0, <i>n</i> = 21) of the isolates were confirmed to be STEC through multiplex polymerase chain reaction and sequencing targeting <i>gadA, stx 1, stx 2, eaeA</i>, and <i>hlyA</i> genes. Informal education (odds ratio [OR] = 30.7; 95% CI: 6.6-142.5; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and housing livestock (OR = 19.2; 95% CI: 5.2-71.5; <i>P</i> < 0.001) emerged as significant predictors of STEC isolation. Informal education and indoor housing of dairy animals were associated with increased likelihood of isolation of STEC from raw milk (adjusted OR [AOR] = 13.9, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and (AOR = 9.0, <i>P</i> < 0.001), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide evidence of poor milk handling practices on farms. The prevalence of STEC in milk may pose a risk to public health and food safety. Therefore, proper hygienic practices in dairy farms are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> along the Sheep Meat Production Chain: A One Health Approach.","authors":"Nafisah Sumaila, Frederick Adzitey, Alexander Abu, Stephen K Kanten Monten, Feri Eko Hermantoi, Agus Susilo, Premy Puspitawati Rahayu, Mulia Winirsya Apriliyani, Nurul Huda","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_38_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_38_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial-resistant foodborne bacteria circulating among animals, humans, and the environment pose a significant threat to public health worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of <i>E. coli</i> along the sheep meat production chain using a One Health approach.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 224 samples were collected over a six-month period from sheep farms and meat processing environments. Isolation and confirmation of <i>E. coli</i> were performed using standard microbiological methods, and confirmed isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against ten commonly used antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, <i>E. coli</i> was detected in 35.7% (80/224) of the samples, with a significantly higher (<i>P</i>=0.018) occurrence in processing environments (42.9%, 48/112) than on farms (28.6%, 32/112). On farms, the occurrence of <i>E. coli</i> ranged from 0 to 81.3%, with faecal samples recording the highest prevalence, while no isolates were recovered from feed obtained from bulk storage. In processing environments, occurrence ranged from 12.5 to 68.8%, with processors' hand swabs exhibiting the highest contamination level and processing table swabs recording the lowest. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that farm-derived <i>E. coli</i> isolates exhibited the highest resistance to amoxicillin (57.7%) but remained highly susceptible (≥ 95) to chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. In contrast, isolates from processing environments showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (60.5%) and highest susceptibility to chloramphenicol (76.3%). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices ranged from 0.0 to 0.7 among farm isolates and from 0.0 to 0.8 among isolates from processing environments, indicating varying levels of antimicrobial exposure and selection pressure along the production chain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings demonstrate that <i>E. coli</i> contamination occurs at multiple points along the sheep meat production chain, with processing environments serving as potential reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant strains. The detection of multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> across animal, human, and environmental interfaces highlights the interconnected nature of antimicrobial resistance and underscores the importance of the One Health approach in surveillance and control efforts.</p><p><strong>Recommendation: </strong>Strengthening hygiene and sanitation practices, together with promoting prudent antimicrobial use are essential to reducing the risk of foodborne infections and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance within the sheep food production system.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Related to Wildlife Consumption, Contact, and Environmental Exposures Across Ethnic Communities in Border Provinces of Thailand: A Quantitative One Health Study.","authors":"Kanokwan Suwannarong, Kannika Thammasutti, Worakamon Thongkan, Thanomsin Ponlap, Watthanachai Boonlakorn, Watcharee Saisongkorh, Pongpun Sawatwong, Santisith Khiewkhern, Nisachon Bubpa, Chutarat Saengkul, Alongkorn Amonsin","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_21_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_21_26","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The One Health (OH) approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, particularly in Southeast Asia, where rapid environmental change and intensive human-animal interactions increase the risk of emerging infectious diseases. Wildlife interaction and environmental exposures are important but underexplored pathways for zoonotic disease transmission, especially in rural and ethnically diverse communities. Understanding these interconnected exposures is essential for informing effective disease prevention and control strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims and objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study applied a One Health framework to determine factors associated with wildlife contact, wildlife consumption patterns, and environmentally acquired infections among ethnic communities residing in Thailand's border provinces bordering the Lao PDR and Myanmar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2020 and August 2022. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, and blood samples were obtained for laboratory testing of melioidosis. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using R statistical software to identify factors associated with wild boar consumption, rodent consumption, self-reported fever within the previous six months, and laboratory-confirmed melioidosis. Variables with &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.15 in bivariate analyses were entered into backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression, with statistical significance set at &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Four hundred villagers participated in this study. Most of them were females (260, 65.00%), aged between 50 and 59 years old (160, 40.00%), and had agriculture-related occupations (257, 65.25%). They mainly were Thais (214, 53.50%), followed by unspecified Karen (49, 12.25%). Around 94.00% (376) and 63.00% (252) of them reported consuming wildlife in their lifetime and within six months prior to the data collection. Wild boar was the most commonly consumed species (226, 56.50%), followed by rice field rats (164, 41.00%). The results also showed that the participants lacked understanding of the risks associated with wildlife exposure, consumption, zoonotic diseases, and how immunity works to prevent disease recurrence after wild animal consumption. Moreover, only one subdistrict in Wan Yai, Mukdahan, had 11 (19.80%) melioidosis IgG-positive participants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and recommendations: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on the findings, health education and health literacy should be strengthened among health personnel, village health volunteers (VHVs), and community members regarding the risks associated with wildlife contact and consumption. Risk communication and health education should promote safer practices using culturally appropriate, community-based, and widely accessible a","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Gut Flora Stabilizer on Boosting Growth and Enhancing Gut Health in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Mohamed Hussein H Awaad, Sayed Muhammad Mahmoud Shalash, Abdelrahman Mohamed Atta, Mohamed A Elmenawey, Eman Ibrahim Hassanen, L Zeibich, A Schlagheck, Mohsen Kamal, Eman Anter Morsy","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_4_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_4_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Probiotic-based gut flora stabilizers are increasingly used to improve intestinal health, immune function, and production performance in broiler chickens. This study evaluated the effects of <i>TechnoCare200, containing Bacillus coagulans DSM 32016 and Bacillus licheniformis DSM 33806</i>, on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology, and gut health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 500 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to two groups (250 birds/group). The control group received a basal diet, whereas the treatment group received the same diet supplemented with <i>TechnoCare200</i> at 100 g/MT throughout the trial. Growth performance, mortality, litter quality, footpad dermatitis, carcass traits, immune responses, and intestinal histomorphology were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TechnoCare200 supplementation reduced mortality by 21%, improved litter condition scores, and decreased footpad dermatitis incidence compared with the control group. Treated birds showed significantly higher body weight, improved body weight gain, lower feed conversion ratio, and increased production number. Carcass evaluation revealed significant increases in carcass, breast meat, and front-part yields. Humoral immunity and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were significantly enhanced. Histological examination demonstrated improved intestinal morphology, characterized by a higher villus-to-crypt ratio, together with enhanced villus development and normal lymphoid architecture with increased lymphoid activity in immune organs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary supplementation with <i>TechnoCare200</i> containing B. coagulans DSM 32016 and B. licheniformis DSM 33806 improved growth performance, feed efficiency, immune responses, carcass yield, and intestinal health in broiler chickens. These findings indicate that TechnoCare200 is an effective probiotic gut flora stabilizer with potential to enhance poultry productivity and welfare under commercial production conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage Therapy for a Refractory and Multidrug-resistant Equine Surgical Site Infection.","authors":"Donald Alverson, Greta Gustafson, Katja F Duesterdiec-Zelmer, J Lacy Kamm, Lia Danelishvili","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_19_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_19_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 14-year-old American Quarter Horse mare developed a refractory deep surgical site infection following emergency celiotomy for acute right dorsal large colon displacement with 180° volvulus. Initial cultures revealed a high-burden polymicrobial infection with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, associated with delayed healing, and later followed by multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, further limiting therapeutic options. Phage therapy was initiated using a customized lytic phage cocktail administered topically on a daily basis over a 35-day period, with cocktail composition guided by daily wound culture results. Phage therapy markedly reduced colony-forming units of targeted pathogens and promoted progressive healing. Wound microbial communities varied during treatment, demonstrating selective pathogen control while preventing residual populations from recolonizing the tissue. By the time of hospital discharge, the wound surface area had decreased by more than 85%, and the body wall had healed without evidence of acute herniation. This case highlights the feasibility, safety, and clinical potential of adaptive phage therapy for managing refractory multidrug-resistant equine wound infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic and Metagenomic Correlation Reveals the Network Regulatory Mechanism of Cecal Microbiota Structural Changes Induced by <i>Eimeria tenella</i>.","authors":"Bi Wang, Yongmei Yu, Shihui Huang, Ye He, Ying Chen, Shunping Dong, Deyuan Tang, Zhentao Cheng, Liting Cao","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_1_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_1_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Eimeria tenella</i> poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, and understanding the correlation between metabolic changes in cecal tissues and microbial community alterations is crucial for studying parasite-host interactions.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To investigate the associations among dominant bacterial populations, key functional genes, and altered metabolites in cecal tissues and contents during <i>E. tenella</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Metagenomic analysis was first performed on cecal contents to identify the dominant bacterial communities, followed by metabolomic analysis of cecal tissues and contents. Correlation analysis was then conducted to evaluate the relationships among microbial communities, functional genes, and differential metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correlation analysis showed that increased potentially pathogenic genera were generally positively associated with upregulated metabolites and negatively associated with downregulated metabolites, whereas reduced commensal genera showed the opposite trend. Shared KEGG pathways co-enriched by differential metabolites and microbial functional genes were identified, mainly involving amino acid metabolism, transport systems, membrane-associated metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. The metabolites linked to dominant bacterial communities were primarily enriched in pathways such as amino sugar metabolism, sialic acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. These findings reflected complex metabolic reprogramming and interactions between the host and pathogen, especially in cecal tissue repair, immune regulation, and metabolic competition with the pathogen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided valuable insights into parasite-host interactions and laid a foundation for understanding the role of bacterial community-associated metabolites in cecal coccidiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Influencing the Specificity of Skin Tests for Bovine Tuberculosis in a Low-Prevalence Region.","authors":"Alberto Gomez-Buendia, Roxana Triguero-Ocaña, Marta Muñoz-Mendoza, Marta Alvarez-Fidalgo, Jorge Mourelo, Jose Luis Saez, Beatriz Romero, Julio Alvarez","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_12_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_12_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin tests are the main official diagnostic method for granting, maintaining, and regaining the officially tuberculosis free (OTF) herd status in the European Union. Although highly specific, repeated testing may lead to the culling of animals not infected with bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and the suspension of OTF status, a problem especially relevant in low-prevalence regions where most herds are OTF. Identifying risk factors that affect the specificity of the single (SIT) and comparative (CIT) intradermal tuberculin tests is therefore essential to optimize control measures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed 119,465 herd tests (comprising 3,588,477 skin tests) from 23,893 OTF herds tested over 5 years (2014-2018) to estimate the animal-level reactor probability and herd test specificity while accounting for relevant covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median reactor probabilities were low (SIT: 0.050%; CIT: 0.034%). Dairy herds had higher SIT-reactor odds compared to beef herds, whereas CIT showed the opposite pattern. Reactor risk increased over time and was higher in summer compared to spring for SIT, while a reduced risk was observed in cooler seasons for both tests. Herd test specificity remained high (median values >97% for SIT and CIT) but declined with increasing herd size, particularly for SIT. Over 5 years, the median cumulative probability of detecting ≥1 reactor in a herd was 10.9%, with higher values in dairy and large herds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although skin tests maintain near-perfect animal-level specificity under field conditions, herd-level performance was influenced by several covariates, particularly herd type and size. In dairy herds, using CIT when cross-reactions are suspected and bTB-infection has been ruled out, could mitigate OTF suspensions in low-prevalence settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Comparison of Paraosseous Clamp-cerclage Fixation and External Fixators in the Surgical Repair of Long-bone Fractures in Cats.","authors":"Mario Candela Andrade, Anders Behrend, Pavel Slunsky, Leo Brunnberg","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_10_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_10_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fractures of the diaphyseal region account for roughly half of all feline long-bone lesions; however, evidence regarding the mechanical performance of alternative fixation systems remains limited. The paraosseous clamp-cerclage stabilization technique (PCCS) is used in cats because its low implant profile suits the small feline tibia, but its behavior under torsional loading-and in comparison with external skeletal fixators (ESF)-has not been previously evaluated.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To compare the torsional stiffness of PCCS with two acrylic ESF constructs (Type Ia and Type II) in a feline tibial fracture model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fourteen paired tibiae with intact fibulae from adult cats were collected postmortem. A 5-mm mid-diaphyseal osteotomy was created in each specimen. PCCS was applied to the right tibia of 12 pairs; the contralateral tibiae received ESF Type II. A second cohort of paired limbs was instrumented with ESF Type Ia. Each construct underwent biomechanical testing three times under an axial preload of 0.5 N. Specimens were rotated ±15° at 10° min^-1, torque-rotation curves were recorded, and torsional stiffness (Nm/°) was calculated from the linear region. Intact tibiae (<i>n</i> = 4) served as native controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four osteotomized tibiae were analyzed. Mean torsional stiffness was 0.114 Nm/° for ESF Type II, 0.049 Nm/° for PCCS, and 0.045 Nm/° for ESF Type Ia, compared with 0.264 Nm/° in native bone. ESF Type II retained 43.2% of intact stiffness, whereas PCCS and ESF Type Ia each retained approximately 18%. Coefficients of variation were 0.12 (ESF Type II), 0.18 (ESF Type Ia), and 0.52 (PCCS), indicating greater reproducibility for the fixator constructs. ESF Type II was significantly stiffer than PCCS and ESF Type Ia (<i>P</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCCS and ESF Type Ia provide comparable but relatively low torsional rigidity, making them suitable for simple, non-comminuted fractures but likely insufficient for stabilizing large segmental defects. ESF Type II provides substantially greater torsional stability, approaching half that of intact bone, and may therefore be more appropriate for bridging comminuted fractures where minimizing interfragmentary strain is essential for bone healing. Selecting the fixation method according to the required torsional stability may help optimize clinical outcomes in feline fracture management.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13175209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147965080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Synergistic Effect of Tanabesol and Calcium Hydroxide on <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Oocyst Inactivation.","authors":"Ayman Ahmed Shehata, Iqra Zafar, Hiroki Bochimoto, Kentaro Kato","doi":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_11_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJVSM.IJVSM_11_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cryptosporidiosis is a major diarrheal disease with high mortality, primarily in young animals, and poses a zoonotic threat worldwide. Currently, no available drugs are fully effective against <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, and most commercial disinfectants show limited efficacy against its oocysts, underscoring the need for improved control strategies.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to investigate the ability of Tanabesol (an ortho-agent), calcium hydroxide solution, and their combination to inactivate <i>Cryptosporidium</i> <i>parvum</i> oocysts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Oocyst morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Vital dye staining combined with an <i>in vitro</i> excystation assay was applied to assess viability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ortho formulations induced oocyst wall disruption, rupture, and collapse, as revealed by SEM imaging. In addition, Tanabesol exhibited a dose-and time-dependent effect on <i>Cryptosporidium</i> oocysts, with higher concentrations and longer exposure times causing more significant inactivation. Hydrated lime has shown antimicrobial properties against enteric bacteria and viruses, but its impact on <i>Cryptosporidium</i> oocyst inactivation has yielded varying results. Limewater alone caused a significant decline in the total number of normal oocysts (i.e., >50%). Notably, no potentially viable oocysts were observed after sensitization with Tanabesol diluted in calcium hydroxide solution for 120 min, compared with using water as the diluent. Tanabesol with limewater reduced the viability percentage of oocysts to 30% and prevented sporozoite release by more than 84%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding calcium hydroxide to the preparation of Tanabesol should help in the control and prevention of cryptosporidiosis in livestock farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":45744,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13175207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147965128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}