Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Medication-Related Needs and Humanistic Impact of Patient-Centered Pharmaceutical Care at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North-West Ethiopia.","authors":"Ousman Abubeker Abdela,&nbsp;Enathun Abay,&nbsp;Senait Beka,&nbsp;Biset Mengistie,&nbsp;Mohammed Biset Ayalew","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S268248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S268248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess patients' medication-related needs and the humanistic impact of patient-centered pharmaceutical care.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered structured questionnaires from February 4 to 28, 2019, on patients attending ambulatory care for chronic non-communicable diseases at the University of Gondar specialized teaching hospital, North-west Ethiopia. Data were entered to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and medication-related needs of study participants. Independent sample <i>t</i>-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were performed to check for possible associations between dependent and independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Information about what to do if patients missed doses and the potential side-effects or abnormal conditions caused by the prescribed medicines were not explained for most of the 425 patients studied. The majority of the study participants reported that they felt worried about adverse medicine effects, drug interactions, and long-term medicine use. Patients who were older than 50 or those receiving two or more medications were less satisfied with the effect of their medicine as compared to younger ones and those on monotherapy, respectively. People who were illiterate or had attended only primary schools thought that they received less disease and medicine information from health professionals than people who attended tertiary education.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Most of the participants were particularly unhappy with the amount of information received about side-effects and what to do if doses were missed. Special emphasis should be given to patients with a low level of education as they were not satisfied with medicine and disease information obtained from health professionals, experienced more psychological impacts of medicine use, and had poor overall quality-of-life.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"229-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S268248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38604640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Medicine-Use Pattern Using World Health Organization's Core Drug-Use Indicators and Completeness of Prescription at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun,&nbsp;Adugnaw Sitotie Redia,&nbsp;Tezera Jemere Aragaw","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S261320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S261320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rational use of medicines is patients receiving medicines appropriate to their diagnosis in doses that meet their requirements for an adequate period of time at an affordable price. Irrational prescribing practices result in ineffective, unsafe treatment, prolong prognosis, and increase health-care costs, and this is a common phenomenon in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate medicine-use pattern using World Health Organization core drug-use indicators and completeness of prescription at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective and prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the dispensing pharmacy units of the health facility from March 2019 to May 2019 using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, and results are presented using tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,128 medicines were covered in the analyzed sample. The response rate, using standard prescription paper was found to be 100%. Mean number of medicines per prescription was 1.88. The proportion of medicines actually dispensed was 74.56%, and 91.4% medicines were prescribed by their generic names. Among prescribed medicines, antibiotics accounted for 37.5%, and 20% of the prescribed medicines were injectable. Prescriptions containing patient name, identification number, age, and sex comprised 99.8%, 99.5%, 91.8%, and 94.5%, respectively of the total. Prescriptions signed by prescribers accounted for 96.2%, however, only 75.8% of prescribers wrote their name. Moreover, only 4.8% of dispensers printed their name, and 32.7% of prescriptions were signed by pharmacists. Patient-care indicators were found to be below standard.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most prescriptions were incomplete, and prescribers by far completed their role than dispensers. The health facility has standard prescription paper and updated pharmaceuticals list. Percentages for encounters with antibiotics, prescribing by generic name, and patient-care indicators deviated from the standard. The dispensing and counseling time also far from the standard, and most medicines were not labeled.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"219-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S261320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38545087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude, Nature, and Risk Factors of Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with First Generation Antipsychotics in Outpatients with Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Merhawi Bahta, Tzeggai Berhe, Mulugeta Russom, Eyasu H Tesfamariam, Azieb Ogbaghebriel","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S271814","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S271814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ADRs to antipsychotics are amongst the major challenges in the treatment of patients with psychotic disorders. The extent of patient-reported ADRs assessed in many studies using standardized scales is found to be inconsistent. However, there is a paucity of such research in Eritrea. The aim of the study is therefore to determine the magnitude, nature, and the possible risk factors associated with ADRs of the first generation antipsychotics in outpatients with schizophrenia at Saint Mary Neuro-Psychiatric National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea, using the LUNSERS self-rating scale.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study design utilizing a quantitative approach was employed. Data were collected from patients' self-administered questionnaires, interviews, and medical records. The collected variables were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 with descriptive statistics, correlation, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Statistical significance was tested at <i>P</i>-value<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 93.8% of the research participants experienced at least one ADR. LUNSERS total mean score of the relevant items was 28.01 (SD=18.46) with 24.7% of the study participants scoring medium-to-high. The prevalence of the categories of ADRs was psychic (91.3%), autonomic (78.1%), extra-pyramidal (76.9%), miscellaneous (66.5%), hormonal (58.3%), anti-cholinergic (44.2%), and allergic reactions (44.2%). At multivariate level, factors significantly and positively associated with total ADR score were smoking (<i>P</i>=0.028) and being at secondary educational level (<i>P</i>=0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was high prevalence of ADRs with moderate-to-high overall ADR scores in a significant number of patients. The most frequently reported ADRs were psychic, autonomic, extra-pyramidal, hormonal, and miscellaneous. Smoking and secondary level of education were found to be the main determinants of ADRs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"205-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/ff/iprp-9-205.PMC7569056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38636265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital-Wide Medication Reconciliation Program: Error Identification, Cost-Effectiveness, and Detecting High-Risk Individuals on Admission.","authors":"Dustin J Uhlenhopp,&nbsp;Oscar Aguilar,&nbsp;Dong Dai,&nbsp;Arka Ghosh,&nbsp;Michael Shaw,&nbsp;Chandan Mitra","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S269857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S269857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medication reconciliation (MR) on admission has potential to reduce negative patient outcomes. The objectives of this prospective observational study were to 1) measure the impact a hospital-wide MR program has on home medication error identification at hospital admission, 2) demonstrate cost-effectiveness of this program, and 3) identify risk factors placing individual patients at higher risk for medication discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Technicians obtained medication histories on adult patients admitted to the hospital that managed their own medications. Frequency and type of medication errors were recorded. Cost avoidance estimations were determined based on expected adverse drug event rates. Logistic regression analysis was used to test for associations between medication errors and patient characteristics. Results were considered significant when p-value was less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 817 patients. Technicians recorded a mean of 6.1 medication discrepancies per patient (SD ± 0.4) and took 28.5 minutes (SD ± 1.2 minutes) to complete a medication history. Omission, commission, and dosing/frequency errors occurred in 82%, 59%, and 50% of medication histories, respectively. We estimated cost avoidance of $210.33 per patient with this program. Female gender, age, and high alert/risk medication use were linked to an increase in the likelihood of occurrence of a medication discrepancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study validated the ability of a pharmacy technician to identify errors, demonstrated economic cost-effectiveness, provided new data on time to obtain a BPMH, and further identified factors that contribute to the occurrence of medication discrepancies. Potentially harmful medication discrepancies were identified frequently on admission. With further research, it may be possible to identify those at highest risk for home medication discrepancies upon admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S269857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38636264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Auditable Pharmaceutical Services and Transaction System on Pharmaceutical Service Outcomes in Public Hospitals of SNNPR, Ethiopia.","authors":"Deginet Beyene,&nbsp;Habtamu Abuye,&nbsp;Gizachew Tilahun","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S277080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S277080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Auditable pharmaceuticals service and transaction system (APTS) is unique in its systems strengthening approach. It is a data-driven package of interventions designed to establish accountable, transparent, and responsible pharmacy practice. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome performance of pharmaceuticals services among selected hospitals with and without the APTS system in SNNPR, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional comparative facility-based study was conducted at public hospitals by using an intervention and control approach to estimate the significance of the difference between average performances of APTS and non-APTS hospitals. A case-to-control ratio was applied to decide the number of sites and a simple random lottery sampling technique was employed to select control sites. The sample size formula was used to determine the proposed population for patient care indicator assessment. Epidata version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 were used for analysis. The study was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>APTS implemented hospitals attained 92.3% patient satisfaction on the overall pharmacy services compared to 47.5% for non-APTS hospitals. They have improved essential drugs (EDs) availability, minimum stock-outs, and reduced wastage rates, unlike control groups. They undertook workload analysis to assess human power sufficiency; generate reliable information from accurate recording culture for decision making; practiced transparency and accountability through conducting physical inventory and daily sales tracking/management system; and made budget utilization rationale applying ABC analysis, VEN analysis, ABC/VEN reconciliation, and stock status analysis (SSA) that non-APTS hospitals did less/not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, higher performances were observed in APTS implemented hospitals than non-APTS hospitals regarding patient knowledge, satisfaction, and medicine availability at stores. In all cases, it needs improvement to achieve target values.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S277080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38635861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Inventory Management Practices at the Ethiopian Pharmaceuticals Supply Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Bekele Boche,&nbsp;Tidenek Mulugeta,&nbsp;Tadesse Gudeta","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S269421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S269421","url":null,"abstract":"Background Maintaining an adequate level of inventory is critical since an enormous amount of capital tied up with it. Having excess inventory leads to wastage. On the contrary, insufficient commodity leads to stock out. Hence, this study aimed to assess inventory management practices of program commodities at Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Agency. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study complemented with a qualitative method was conducted from February 21 to April 20/2019. Order fill rate, wastage rate, frequency of emergency order, acceptable storage condition met, and stock out were the metrics we used to measure the inventory management practices of the agency. Quantitative data were collected through physical observation of the warehouses and review of logistics management tools. Seventeen in-depth interviews were conducted to explore the challenges of inventory management. Results From the total 70 program commodities managed by the agency, 2.1% wasted due to expiration and damage. These resulted in a loss of over US $2 million. The highest wastage was recorded for antimalarials which accounted for 13.1% of the malaria commodities’ total inventory value. Only 14.8% of the orders were fulfilled above 80%. Thirty-seven items were stock out on average for 8.5 average days. Longer duration of stock out (260 days) was recorded for TB commodities. Seventeen items from different programs were purchased through emergency orders with a higher frequency of levonorgestrel purchase. Only 6 (60%) warehouses met acceptable storage conditions. Space deficit, outdated warehouse designs, shortage of warehouse equipment, lack of precise data, and capacity building gaps were the inventory management challenges identified. Conclusion Though the wastage rate was near to the acceptable range, there were lesser order fill rates, storage condition inadequacy, and significant stock-outs of program commodities. The finding implies the need for an improvement in inventory management practice of the agency.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S269421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38635860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge on Dispensed Medications and Its Determinants Among Patients Attending Outpatient Pharmacy at Chencha Primary Level Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Biruk Wogayehu,&nbsp;Ayalew Adinew,&nbsp;Mulugeta Asfaw","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S274406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S274406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators manual, the patients' knowledge on dispensed medication is a crucial patient care indicator. There is a dearth of studies about patients' knowledge of dispensed medication at the primary health care facility. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of dispensed medication and associated factors among patients attending in the outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 403 patients attending in the outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital. The data collection techniques were observation of dispensing process and face-to-face interview by using WHO patient care indicators and a structured questionnaire, respectively. Descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable logistic regression were determined using the SPSS version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 403 patients participated which make the response rate 100%. Fifty-three (13.2%) patients had adequate knowledge on dispensed medication. The findings of multivariable logistic regression indicated that tertiary levels of education (AOR = 3.87; 95% CI [1.25, 11.96]), being private employee (AOR = 10.98; 95% CI [3.25, 37.04]), having severe perception of illness (AOR =3.77; 95% CI [1.43, 9.94]), having three or more visits (AOR =3.20; 95% CI [1.21, 8.44]) and being counseled by pharmacist (AOR = 10.02; 95% CI [4.45, 22.56]) significantly increased the odds of having a \"adequate knowledge of medicines.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed inadequate level of knowledge of dispensed medicine among patients attending in outpatient pharmacy of Chencha primary level hospital. Patient education, employment status, number of visits, perception of illness, dispenser qualification and experience were the factors for knowledge of dispensed medicine. Dispensers need into account patients' perception of their illness of illness and frequency of visits during counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"161-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S274406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38635859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal Spray Use Technique Among Patients Attending the Out-Patient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gandaki Province, Nepal.","authors":"Binita Kc, Gulam Muhammad Khan, Niranjan Shrestha","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S266191","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S266191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nasal sprays are used to deliver the medications locally to the nasal cavity. The majority of patients have been observed to perform nasal spray use techniques inadequately. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the intervention on nasal spray use technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective pre- and post-interventional study to evaluate the nasal spray use technique among the subjects with the help of nasal spray checklist. A standardized WHO nasal spray checklist was used on the study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from July to October 2019. Subjects were asked to demonstrate the technique and a scoring system was applied before and after the intervention by the researcher. The total score of the intervention technique ranges from 0 to 11. After evaluation of the technique at the first visit, subjects were provided with an informative leaflet having all the steps to be followed to use the spray and the technique was re-evaluated after 10 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 81 subjects (51.9% male and 48.1% female) participated in the study. The average duration of nasal drug use was 15 days. The overall mean±SD score was 4.31±1.625 before intervention and 9.84±1.699 after intervention. After the intervention, the percentage of subjects using the nasal spray correctly increased by 50.27%. Wilcoxon signedrank test showed intervention on nasal spray use technique was effective (p=0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nasal spray use technique was poor among the subjects before the intervention. The intervention was substantially effective in improving the technique to use the nasal spray. Regular assessment and reinforcement of correct technique by health professionals will improve the proper use technique of nasal spray, hence increasing the effectiveness of the therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"155-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S266191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38496414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Over-the-Counter Drugs Among Pharmacy and Medical Students: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kidist Mulugeta Bekele,&nbsp;Ahmed Moges Abay,&nbsp;Kidist Abiye Mengistu,&nbsp;Berhanemeskel Weldegerima Atsbeha,&nbsp;Chilot Abiyu Demeke,&nbsp;Wudneh Simegn Belay,&nbsp;Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S266786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S266786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) medications is common among medicine and health science students. For safe use of OTC medications, students are expected to have proper knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards OTC medications and subsequent adverse drug reactions (ADRs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess KAP of OTC medications use and related factors among medical and pharmacy students at the University of Gondar, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Chi-square analysis was conducted and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between KAP and OTC use and its related adverse effects. A P value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 380 students (229 medical students and 151 pharmacy students) participated in the study. The majority of the respondents 303 (79.7%) reported that they have the practice of self-medication. Fever 69 (80.2%), headache 21 (24.4%), and abdominal cramp 20 (23.3%) were the most common conditions for which the students go for self-medication while paracetamol 51 (59.3%) followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 44 (51.2%) were the most commonly used classes of drugs. An intention for time-saving caused by the waiting time due to crowds in medical consultation rooms 212 (77.4%) and a desire for quick relief 171 (62.4%) were the main reasons for the self-medication practice with OTC medications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-medication is widely practiced among medical and pharmacy students. Significant problems and malpractices were identified, such as sharing of OTC medications, the use of expired medicines, doubling the dose of medications when they were ineffective, storage of OTC medications, and not reading labels and expiry dates.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S266786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38426744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Error and Its Contributing Factors Among Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Infectious Diseases Admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Desalegn Feyissa,&nbsp;Bezie Kebede,&nbsp;Ameha Zewudie,&nbsp;Yitagesu Mamo","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S264941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S264941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medication errors in pediatric patients are grossly underreported. Pediatric patients are quite susceptible to medication errors. Potential injury by medication error is higher in young children and infants. It results in serious morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study aimed to assess medication error and its contributing factors among pediatric patients diagnosed with infectious diseases admitted to Jimma University Medical Center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted among pediatric patients with infectious diseases admitted from April 1 to June 30, 2018. The patient's written informed consent was obtained after explaining the purpose of the study. The data were collected by structured questionnaire. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.0.2 and then exported to SPSS version 21.0 for analysis. To identify the predictors of medication error, backward logistic regression analysis was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of the 325 study participants, 136 (41.8%) patients had at least one medication error during their hospital stay. A total of 273 medication errors were identified among 136 patients. Medication errors frequently occurred at prescribing stage 94 (34.4%). The most common types of medication errors were wrong dosing 72 (26.4%) and wrong frequency 47 (17.2%). Presence of disease comorbidity (AOR=1.64, 95%CI=1.01-2.67), being male (AOR=1.79, 95%CI:1.13-2.86) and presence of two infectious diseases (AOR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.20-3.23) and more than three infectious diseases (AOR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.03-4.01) were independent predictors of medication error occurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Medication errors were common in pediatric patients with infectious diseases in the study area. Presence of comorbidities, being male and the number of infectious diseases were associated with the occurrence of medication errors. Therefore, to reduce medication errors in the study setting, e-prescribing, computerized provider order entry, medication reconciliation, and collaboration of clinical pharmacists with other health professionals are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"147-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S264941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38426745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}