Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Non-Prescription Dispensing of Antibiotics in Community Pharmacies in Port Sudan: A Simulated Patient Study Using a Sore Throat Scenario in a Conflict-Affected Setting.","authors":"Riham M Hamadouk, Omnia M Ibrahim, Mohamed Thabit Ahmed, Elmoiz Babekir, Amal A Bahafi, Khalid A Ateyyah, Alaa Mousli, Mohammed Basendowah, Bashir A Yousef","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S639326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S639326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotics are essential medicines that save millions of lives around the world. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens their effectiveness. Inappropriate use of antibiotics by healthcare professionals is one of the reasons that aggravates the global burden of AMR. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the dispensing of antibiotics without prescription in community pharmacies in Port Sudan, Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in Port Sudan state, Sudan between February 2025 and May 2025. The simulated patient (SP) method was used to evaluate the dispensing practice of antibiotics. A total of 113 community pharmacies were included in the study, each of which was visited by a SP presenting a scenario of acute sore throat. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study 70.8% of the pharmacies were run by pharmacists. Before dispensing, of the 113 pharmacy staff in this study, 61.9% asked at least one question before dispensing, and the most asked question in the history taking practice was the associated symptoms (37.2%). Antibiotic was dispensed either alone or in combination in 80.5% of the visits. Azithromycin was the most dispensed antibiotic representing 76.1% of the dispensed antibiotics, and cefixime was dispensed in 4.4% of the visits. Significant association was found between the dispensing of antibiotics by the pharmacy staff and their gender (P value = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings revealed that dispensing antibiotics without prescriptions using the sore throat scenario in the selected community pharmacies in Port Sudan city is high, and patient assessment practice was inappropriate. Corrective measures should be endorsed by stakeholders and health authorities to enhance the practice of pharmacy staff and restrict the inappropriate dispensing of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"15 ","pages":"639326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Bilingual Communities on the Effective Communication Process in Open-Circuit Pharmacies: A Quantitative Study to Overcome Language Barriers in Patient Care from Eastern Region of Romania.","authors":"Ionela Daniela Ferțu, Alina Mihaela Elisei, Lavinia Ioana Stolerașu, Andreea Țigănașu, Claudia Simona Ștefan, Adrian Ciprian Dinu, Mădălina Nicoleta Matei, Aurel Nechita, Mariana Lupoae, Ancuța Iacob","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S583805","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S583805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective pharmacist-patient communication is essential for modern pharmaceutical services, relying heavily on optimized communication strategies that are essential for ensuring treatment adherence and overcoming the unique challenges of patient care in multilingual regions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the perceptions, experiences, and strategies used by community pharmacists in Romania to overcome common communication barriers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research employed an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study design, utilizing a self-administered online questionnaire. The data was collected through an anonymous online questionnaire (N=150) administered to patients in eastern Romania. Explicit digital informed consent was obtained. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, t-tests for independent samples, and Spearman correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicate the perception of significant barriers, notably differences in educational levels, the use of medical terminology, and time constraints. A negative and significant Spearman correlation (<i>ρ</i> = -0.207, p < 0.001) was found between the perceived effectiveness of communication and the need for service improvement, confirming the detrimental impact of these difficulties on the quality of pharmaceutical services. Furthermore, the average self-assessment score of 2.59 for communication training suggests a predominantly negative perception of both university and continuing education in this area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The conclusions highlight an urgent need to integrate culturally and linguistically adapted communication training into the education of community pharmacists. Future research should focus on developing and evaluating pilot educational programs and interventions specifically tailored for bilingual communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"15 ","pages":"583805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Drug-Related Problems and Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Multimorbid Inpatients with Stroke.","authors":"Wenyi Yao, Yanqi Shao, Tingting Li, Siyi Wang, Li Gao, Ping Huang, Jieping Yan","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S577714","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S577714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study seeks to identify and assess the severity of drug-related problems (DRPs), analyze risk factors and evaluate the impact of DRPs on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among elderly multimorbid inpatients with stroke in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-year retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary hospital among elderly multimorbid inpatients with stroke. Medication review, HRQoL assessment and stroke-associated clinical scales assessment by clinical pharmacists or the medical team.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An analysis of 592 patients revealed 576 DRPs. The mean age of patients was 73.64 ± 7.96 years old. 583 (55.6%) cases had at least one DRP, with an average of 1.53 ± 0.94 DRPs per patient. The most common multimorbidity pattern was co-existing hypertension and stroke (17.4%). \"Drug selection, C1\" emerged as the predominant cause of DRPs (54.0%; 311/576), followed by \"Patient related, C7\" (18.2%; 105/576). Most DRPs (79.3%, 457/576) were low severity (B-D); the remaining 20.7% (119/576) were high severity (E-H). Increased hospital length of stays (LOS) and coexisting atrial fibrillation were identified as significant factors influencing the occurrence of DRPs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The quantity of DRPs showed a weak negative correlation with HRQoL scores (<i>r</i> = -0.291, <i>p</i> < 0.001), as well as moderate positive correlations with both the mRS scores (<i>r</i> = 0.304, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the NIHSS scores (<i>r</i> = 0.306, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DRPs are prevalent among elderly multimorbid inpatients with stroke in CSC and are mainly caused by drug selection and patient-related problems. Prolonged hospitalization days and the presence of atrial fibrillation were identified as significant risk factors for occurrence of DRPs in elderly multimorbid inpatients with stroke. Pharmaceutical services of medication review could assist in the identification of DRPs at the CSC.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"15 ","pages":"577714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12912153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readiness for Provision of Online Pharmaceutical Services by Retail Pharmacies in Kampala Metropolitan Area, Uganda.","authors":"Allan Emmanuel Wadada, Pamela Purity E Blessed, Edson Ireeta Munanura, Peter Kageni, Paul Mukama Ategyeka, Nathan Jonah Elilu, Rajab Kalidi","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S572102","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S572102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The first online pharmacy (soma.com), started in the United States in 1999, a decade later, e-pharmacy industry has transformed owing to the rise of online shopping, electronic health solutions and direct-to-consumer healthcare. With over 35,000 online pharmacies worldwide, developing countries like Uganda are seeing the emergence of online pharmacy services yet there is limited data on their readiness to provide these services. We evaluated readiness to offer online pharmaceutical services in Kampala Metropolitan Area (KMA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 272 retail pharmacies selected by proportionate stratified random sampling from Kampala, Wakiso, Mukono, and Mpigi districts of KMA. Data to assess human resource and technological readiness was collected quantitatively using a questionnaire while assessment of legal and regulatory readiness was done qualitatively using key informants (regional managers of National Drug Authority). Descriptive statistics was conducted for quantitative data and thematic analysis was done for qualitative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority, 222 (95%) of the pharmacies engaged in online pharmacy services offering; tele-pharmacy 189 (85%), home drug delivery 141 (64%), e-prescriptions 97 (44%), home delivery with follow-up 94 (42%), prescription reminder services 79 (36%), and online consultations 75 (34%). Only 23 (10.4%) of online pharmacies had good human resource readiness, 124 (55.9%) had good technological infrastructure readiness and only 20 (9%) had good readiness for both Technological infrastructure and Human resources. Findings also showed a lack of specific regulations and legal frameworks for online pharmacies, minimal enforcement on the quality and authenticity of products sold online, and minimal public awareness and education on online pharmacy services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of the pharmacies in KMA practiced some online pharmacy with over half of the pharmacies having the necessary infrastructure and the majority lacking the human resource requirements for online pharmacy services.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"15 ","pages":"572102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12797938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Hospital Pharmacy Practice in Nepal Through the Minimum Service Standards Checklist.","authors":"Nabin Pathak, Sachita Barma, Prabhat Kumar Jha, Prerana Shrestha, Ujjwal Yadav, Aman Kumar Sah, Shreya Dhungana, Sunil Shrestha","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S557016","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S557016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Along with the positive development in health services and facilities, hospital pharmacy practice in Nepal has also evolved. The minimum service standards (MSS) developed by the Ministry of Health and Population of Nepal act as a structured framework to assess hospitals' readiness and capacity to deliver quality health services and consist of three significant domains: governance and management standards, clinical service management standards, and support service standards. The clinical service management standards also consist of the hospital pharmacy service standards of practice checklist. This study presents a perspective review of MSS checklists and their implications for pharmacy services, where we discuss how the MSS checklist acts as a viable tool for strengthening the hospital pharmacy practice in Nepal's primary, secondary, and tertiary hospitals. Following the MSS checklist, hospital administration, hospital leaders, hospital management committee, and the hospital pharmacy and therapeutic committee can help to develop further action plans to mitigate issues, thus resulting in 100% compliance with the checklist and quality improvement. This paper can also serve as evidence or a start-up for conducting MSS-based research at the provincial and federal levels to inform hospital pharmacy-based practices among the policy-related institutions in the coming days.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"14 ","pages":"149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12681276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study on the Impact and Benefits of Commercial Clinical Decision Support Systems in Clinical Decision-Making and Pharmaceutical Care.","authors":"Lu-Hsuan Wu, I-Ling Liou, Yea-Huei Kao Yang, Ching-Lan Cheng","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S526485","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S526485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pharmacists ensure prescription accuracy to safeguard patient safety. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS), integrated with computerized physician order entry (CPOE), help detect medication errors and enhance care quality. Traditional homegrown CDSS (HG systems) require manual updates, while commercial CDSS offer real-time, curated drug data but come with licensing costs. To evaluate the impact and benefits of integrating a commercial CDSS with a CPOE system on clinical decision-making and pharmaceutical care in a Taiwanese medical center.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted in a 1,354-bed teaching hospital in southern Taiwan in 2022. Alerts generated by a homegrown (HG) CDSS and a commercial CDSS, both integrated with CPOE, were compared. Fifty-six trained inpatient pharmacists reviewed prescription alerts. Effective alerts were defined as those initially missed by physicians but corrected after pharmacist intervention. Alerts were categorized by clinical issue type and severity. A model incorporating the probability of adverse drug events (ADEs), extended hospital stays, and daily costs was used to estimate cost savings. A benefit-cost ratio was calculated to assess the added value of the commercial CDSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The commercial CDSS generated 357 effective alerts, and the HG system generated 251. Over 95% of pharmacist interventions were accepted by physicians. The commercial CDSS helped avoid inappropriate prescriptions, which resulted in estimated cost savings from USD 78,540 to USD 103,530 and reduced hospital stays by 470-620 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using a commercial CDSS to assist pharmacists in prescription verification provides the most real-time information and efficiently identifies inappropriate prescriptions. This reduces medical costs and avoids prolonged hospitalization owing to ADEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"14 ","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceutical Care Services in Community Pharmacies: An Umbrella Review of Global Evidence with Insights from Polish and Spanish Practices.","authors":"Anna Żuk, Manuel Machuca","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S529641","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S529641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmaceutical care is currently being implemented in Polish community pharmacies, but remains unsupported by state funding, limiting its widespread adoption. In Spain pharmacists there provide a wide range of pharmaceutical care services.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the work is to understand how other countries, such as Spain, have approached pharmaceutical care, which may offer potential strategies. Given this constant evolution and the challenges they face, a comprehensive review of current pharmaceutical care practices is necessary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study design was guided by Newman TV et al. Chosen review type was an umbrella review, which includes systematic reviews, narrative reviews, and meta-analyses concerning pharmacist-led interventions in the field of pharmaceutical care. Utilized PRISMA framework. Used the PubMed database, which includes MEDLINE-indexed articles. Search strategy initially identified 18,076 articles and abstracts. Articles were limited to English-language, free full-text systematic reviews or meta-analyses published between January 2019 and October 2024. The dataset was reduced to 3,016 articles. Ultimately, 13 articles were selected for final analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Given the identified lack of funding and training gaps, Poland must address workforce shortages, strengthen interdisciplinary trust, and ensure proper remuneration for pharmacists. Drawing on Spain's experience, investing in pharmacist-led education and preventive services may significantly enhance care outcomes in community settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights key pharmaceutical services currently implemented in community pharmacies and identifies critical barriers that hinder their widespread adoption in Poland. The main tasks of pharmaceutical care are to reduce morbidity and mortality related to medications. These services are most often not provided due to the lack of additional remuneration for the pharmacist for their provision, which would serve as reimbursement for the cost of delivering these services. The results of this review will serve as a basis for developing future in-depth studies focused on the implementation and delivery of pharmaceutical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"14 ","pages":"113-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Health Evaluation of Analgesia with Long-Acting Local Anesthesia After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.","authors":"Xiaoyue Zhang, Mengting Li, Luwen Lei","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S516724","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S516724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the local anesthetic drugs commonly used after hip arthroplasty and knee arthroplasty, and to provide a reference for clinical drug use and drug selection in medical institutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the \"Quick Guide for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions (Second Edition)\", the included drugs were evaluated from five dimensions of pharmaceutical properties, effectiveness, safety, economy, and other attributes using a 100-point scoring method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quantitative scoring results were ranked from high to low as Dishili-Ropivacaine injection (75 points), Naropin-Ropivacaine injection (68.97 points), liposomal bupivacaine (65.06 points), bupivacaine injection (61.05 points), and levobupivacaine injection (60.35 points).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Dishili-Ropivacaine injection of the collectible variety is a strongly recommended variety, which is recommended to be introduced or retained in the drug catalog of medical institutions, and the Naropin-Ropivacaine injection and liposomal bupivacaine can be adjusted according to the actual situation and clinical needs of medical institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"14 ","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Pharmacist Interventions on Health Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Hussain T Bakhsh","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S515197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S515197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between pharmacists' interventions and health outcomes of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the Middle East. A comprehensive database search was conducted in July 2024 using the electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus. The search strategy involved the following keywords: \"Impact\", \"Effect\", \"Pharmacist\", \"Pharmacy services\", \"Pharmaceutical Care\", \"Intervention\", \"Type 2 diabetes mellitus\", \"diabetes\", and \"Middle East\". Articles published in the English language between January 2010 and July 2024 related to the research question were included. The data extracted from the included papers were summarized using narrative data synthesis. Twelve articles were selected from 536 retrieved articles, with most studies conducted in hospitals (n = 10) and randomized clinical trials (n = 8). The quality of studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies to ensure transparent evaluation of the study quality. Narrative synthesis was employed to address variations in study design, outcomes, and biases. Pharmacist interventions reported included patient education (n = 11), counseling (n = 5), drug therapy initiation (n = 5), and dosage adjustment (n = 5). Studies reported significant reductions in glycosylated (HbA1c) (range: 1.4-1.78%) and fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) (range: 2.3-53 mg/dL), decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (range: 4.65-14.9 mmHg), body mass index (BMI) (range: 1-2.44 kg/m2), cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, and improved medication adherence, self-care activities, and knowledge of diabetes management. In this review, pharmacist interventions reported were associated with improved clinical and humanistic outcomes among type 2 DM patients in the Middle-East. Therefore, collaborative care models involving pharmacists and other healthcare practitioners in the management of type 2 DM should be considered by health policymakers in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"14 ","pages":"85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Scorecard of Quality and Activity Indicators for Telepharmacy Pharmaceutical Care Services in Spanish Hospitals.","authors":"Luis Margusino-Framiñán, Olatz Ibarra-Barrueta, Irene Mangues-Bafalluy, Emilio Monte-Boquet, Patricia Sanmartín-Fenollera, Amparo Talens-Bolós, Ramón Morillo-Verdugo","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S498218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S498218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Telepharmacy must be monitored within a quality management system in order to guarantee the efficiency, safety and quality of the activities it encompasses. The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy has proposed the first scorecard of quality and activity indicators for Telepharmacy (TIS). The objective of this project is to validate this TIS for its implementation in hospital pharmacy services.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The project was developed in 4 phases: elaboration of the validation questionnaire/validation criteria; selection of hospitals where the study will be carried out; completion of the validation questionnaire by the selected hospitals; analysis of the results, a proposal of conclusions, and preparation of the final document. The validation criteria were performed using the RAND/UCLA methodology for each of the 5 TIS characteristics: holistic, practical, quantitative, usability, and continuous improvement. Characteristics were considered validated when the median was found to be within the score range 5-9 and at least 2/3 (66.66%) of the respondents scored in the range containing the median.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four hospitals were included and the responses related to TIS characteristics were: holistic=8.2 and 98.5% of responses >5; practical=7.9 and 98.9% of responses >5; quantitative=7.9 and 98.6% of responses >5; usability=6.9 and 87.37% of responses >5; continuous improvement= 7.9 and 100% of responses >5.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>TIS has been validated for use in hospital pharmacy services and its tools and supporting documents are very useful and comprehensive. Hospital informatics systems are needed to allow efficient extraction of the data necessary to obtain the TIS indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"14 ","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}