Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacists and medication reconciliation: a review of recent literature.","authors":"Eesha Patel,&nbsp;Joshua M Pevnick,&nbsp;Korey A Kennelty","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S169727","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S169727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Adverse drug event (ADE) errors are common and costly in health care systems across the world. Medication reconciliation is a means to decrease these medication-related injuries and increase quality of care. Research has shown that medication reconciliation accuracy and efficiency improved when pharmacists are directly involved in the process. <b>Objective</b>: We review studies examining how pharmacists impact the medication reconciliation process and we discuss pharmacists' future roles during the medication reconciliation process and then barriers pharmacy staff may face during this critical process. <b>Methods</b>: A comprehensive literature search from MEDLINE and manual searching of bibliographies was performed for the time period January 2012 through November 2018. <b>Conclusion</b>: Although the issue of rising costs and injury due to medication errors in our health care system are not solvable via medication reconciliation alone, it is the first and perhaps most critical piece of the medication management puzzle. As such, numerous organizations have called for pharmacists to expand their roles in the medication reconciliation process due to their expertise in medication management.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S169727","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37264203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus methodology to investigate appropriate referral criteria for inpatients to be offered a transfer of care service as they are discharged home.","authors":"Hamde Nazar,&nbsp;Gregory Maniatopoulos,&nbsp;Efi Mantzourani,&nbsp;Neil Watson","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S190008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S190008","url":null,"abstract":"Hamde Nazar Gregory Maniatopoulos Efi Mantzourani Neil Watson 1School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 2Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 3School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; 4Pharmacy Services, Royal Victoria Infirmary NHS Hospital Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Introduction An emerging clinical role for community pharmacists is to become actively involved in the follow-up care of patients who are discharged back into the community (transfer of care services) by promoting better medication adherence and by contributing to the safe, effective, and efficient use of medication. Recent research highlights how this extended role of community pharmacists could help to reduce drug-related adverse events, unnecessary health provider visits, hospitalizations, and readmissions while strengthening integrated primary care delivery across the healthcare system. Risk prediction models have been developed to effectively target the offering of postdischarge interventions to reduce patient hospital readmission. These tools aim to standardize the offer and provision of services that could otherwise be dependent upon professional and clinical expertise, knowledge and bias. Despite over 30 years of work to develop and optimize a risk prediction tool, there is limited consensus on the fundamental patient parameters that are most useful to target delivery of readmission-reducing interventions. A consensus methodological approach was adopted in this study to address a gap in the literature by identifying appropriate referral criteria of hospital inpatients for follow-up care in the primary care setting.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"35-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S190008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37264202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacy student professional identity formation: a scoping review.","authors":"Christy Noble,&nbsp;Leigh McKauge,&nbsp;Alexandra Clavarino","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S162799","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S162799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Transitioning from being pharmacy students to pharmacists is challenging. Students need to reconcile their professional aspirations and what they have learnt with the realities of practice. A smooth transition can be hampered when they are unable to enact the role they have envisaged or if their expectations are not met. These challenges relate to professional identity. A key challenge for pharmacy educators is how best to support the professional identity formation (PIF) of pharmacy students. To assist with this challenge, we conducted a scoping review to identify factors influencing pharmacy students' PIF and pedagogical strategies to support PIF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In September 2018, we undertook a scoping review of all contemporary research investigating pharmacy student PIF including all relevant qualitative, quantitative, theoretical, and gray literature. We searched eight databases for the review: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Australian Education Index, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Literature published between January 2008 and September 2018 was reviewed and screened using inclusion/exclusion criteria. The selected articles were charted and thematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 22 articles in the review. Studies generally concurred about the importance of attending to PIF throughout the whole pharmacy curriculum. Yet, those studies reporting on pharmacy students' professional identities found that students experienced challenges forming their identities. While several curriculum interventions supporting PIF have been implemented, these tended to be one-offs and there was an absence of interventions engaging key stakeholders including placement preceptors, other health professionals, and patients/consumers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supporting the formation of pharmacy students' professional identity, while recognized as an important goal for pharmacy education, requires further empirical inquiry. Pedagogical practices focused on identity formation including adopting an integrative curricular approach are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"15-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S162799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37154808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Big data in pharmacy practice: current use, challenges, and the future [Corrigendum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S204832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S204832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 91 in vol. 4, PMID: 29354523.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S204832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37048205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death: how are pharmacists getting involved?","authors":"Kevin Mc Namara, Hamzah Alzubaidi, John Keith Jackson","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S133088","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S133088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally. This article explores the evidence surrounding community pharmacist interventions to reduce cardiovascular events and related mortality and to improve the management of CVD risk factors. We summarize a range of systematic reviews and leading randomized controlled trials and provide critical appraisal. Major observations are that very few trials directly measure clinical outcomes, potentially owing to a range of challenges in this regard. By contrast, there is an extensive, high-quality evidence to suggest that improvements can be achieved for key CVD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, and elevated hemoglobin A1c. The heterogeneity of interventions tested and considerable variation of the context under which implementation occurred suggest that caution is warranted in the interpretation of meta-analyses. It is highly important to generate evidence for pharmacist interventions in developing countries where a majority of the global CVD burden will be experienced in the near future. A growing capacity for clinical registry trials and data linkage might allow future research to collect clinical outcomes data more often.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/82/iprp-8-001.PMC6366352.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36975987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticholinergic discontinuation and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia: a pharmacist-physician collaboration in the outpatient department.","authors":"Thanompong Sathienluckana, Weerapon Unaharassamee, Chuthamanee Suthisisang, Orabhorn Suanchang, Thanarat Suansanae","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S176653","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S176653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cognitive impairment is a core feature and shows the highest impact on functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia. There have been no previous studies investigating the role of the pharmacist in a multidisciplinary team on cognitive outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We evaluated the impact of pharmacist intervention on cognitive outcomes in patients with schizophrenia by focusing on anticholinergic discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled study was conducted. Patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either the pharmacist intervention or usual care groups. In the pharmacist intervention group, the pharmacist identified drug-related problems (DRPs) and provided a pharmacotherapy suggestion, while there was no intervention in the usual care group. The primary outcome was mean change from baseline of executive function by using Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) perseverative errors within the pharmacist intervention group at week 12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 30 patients completed the study (13 in the pharmacist intervention group and 17 in the usual care group). WCST perseverative errors at the end of the study within the pharmacist intervention group improved significantly from baseline (<i>P</i>=0.003). DRPs at week 12 were reduced by 85.19% and 9.76% in the pharmacist intervention and usual care groups, respectively. The most common intervention was the discontinuation of anticholinergics in patients without extrapyramidal side effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Added-on pharmacist intervention in a multidisciplinary team could help to improve cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia by reducing DRPs and optimizing the drug therapy regimen, especially for anticholinergic discontinuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"161-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/b7/iprp-7-161.PMC6208936.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36707666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of pharmacists in providing parenteral nutrition support: current insights and future directions.","authors":"Maram Gamal Katoue","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S117118","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S117118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy is a complex and critical therapy that requires special clinical knowledge, skills, and practice experience to avoid errors in prescribing, compounding, and clinical management of patients. Pharmacists with adequate clinical training and expertise in PN therapy can have pivotal role in the care of patients receiving PN therapy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this systematic review was to describe and evaluate the different roles of pharmacists and their provided services related to PN therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive systematic literature review on the topic was conducted via PubMed database using several keywords related to the topic (from 1975 to 2017). Additional resources included the standards of practice and clinical guidelines from recognized organizations such as the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pharmacists have diverse roles in relation to PN therapy including the following: the assessment of patients' nutritional needs; the design, compounding, dispensing, and quality management of PN formulations; monitoring patients' response to PN therapy; supervision of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) programs; education of patients, caregivers, and other health care professionals on nutrition support and conducting PN-related research and quality improvement activities. These services seem to be variable across clinical settings and among different countries depending on the practice environment and pharmacists' clinical practice in these settings. However, each of these practice domains helps to support the delivery of safe and effective PN therapy to patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacists have been actively participating in providing PN-related services to patients. To fulfill the requirements of their essential role in this area of practice, pharmacists need adequate educational preparation and clinical training on nutrition support. Empowerment of pharmacists to assume a stronger leadership role in this dimension of pharmacy practice will enhance the quality of care provided to patients receiving PN therapy and improve PN services.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"125-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S117118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36630681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current perspectives on pharmacist home visits: do we keep reinventing the wheel?","authors":"Priti S Flanagan,&nbsp;Andrea Barns","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S148266","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S148266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scope of clinical pharmacy services available in outpatient settings, including home care, continues to expand. This review sought to identify the evidence to support pharmacist provision of clinical pharmacy services in a home care setting. Seventy-five reports were identified in the literature that provided evaluation and description of clinical pharmacy home visit services available around the world. Based on results from randomized controlled trials, pharmacist home visit interventions can improve patient medication adherence and knowledge, but have little impact on health care resource utilization. Other literature reported benefits of a pharmacist home visit service such as patient satisfaction, improved medication appropriateness, increased persistence with warfarin therapy, and increased medication discrepancy resolution. Current perspectives to consider in establishing or evaluating clinical pharmacy services offered in a home care setting include: staff competency, ideal target patient population, staff safety, use of technology, collaborative relationships with other health care providers, activities performed during a home visit, and pharmacist autonomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"141-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S148266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36574791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized medicines - are pharmacists ready for the challenge?","authors":"Mary Jayne Kennedy","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S133083","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IPRP.S133083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of personalized medicine affords multiple opportunities to pharmacists, and pharmacists have specific knowledge, skills and abilities that make them uniquely suited to advance the use of personalized medicine as a clinical tool. The pharmacy profession as a whole, however, has been slow to embrace the concept of clinical pharmacogenetics and is now facing a critical juncture that can potentially redefine the professional identity of the pharmacist. Before practice transformation can occur, however, it is important for our profession to ask and fully explore the following question: Are pharmacists ready for the challenge of personalized medicine? When assessing the readiness of pharmacy for personalized medicine, one must consider factors that are specific to the individual pharmacist as well as systematic considerations that allow pharmacists to successfully integrate personalized medicine into their individual practice area. These include factors such as education and training, competency, an attitude of engagement and adequate support and guidance. Personnel, information technology and laboratory infrastructure are also critical elements that are required, and financially sustainable practice models must be developed. Successful advancement of clinical pharmacogenetics will also require the profession to clearly define their vision of what success looks like and where it wants to be at the end of the transformational journey. Without a clear destination, we will continue to move as individuals in different directions and fail to progress as a whole. While pharmacists might not be completely ready for the challenge of pharmacogenetics, they are most certainly up to facing the challenge. The time is right and the stage is set for pharmacy to embark on another transformative journey - a journey that will redefine the role of the pharmacist and will secure a place for pharmacy in the era of personalized medicine and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"113-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S133083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36577218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of a clinical pharmacist as part of a multidisciplinary care team in the treatment of HCV in patients living with HIV/HCV coinfection.","authors":"Antonio Olea,&nbsp;Janet Grochowski,&nbsp;Anne F Luetkemeyer,&nbsp;Valerie Robb,&nbsp;Parya Saberi","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S169282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S169282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of a clinical pharmacist in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment of patients living with HIV/HCV coinfection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive study to quantify the functions of a clinical pharmacist in HCV treatment of patients living with HIV/HCV coinfection who were initiating HCV treatment at a publicly funded clinic between March 18, 2015 and September 15, 2016. The clinical pharmacist's role was categorized into eight categories: 1) HCV prior authorization (PA) completion; 2) HCV medication adherence counseling; 3) HCV drug-drug interaction (DDI) counseling and screening; 4) HCV medication counseling regarding common adverse events (AEs); 5) HCV counseling regarding HCV treatment outcomes and risk of reinfection; 6) ordering laboratory tests and interpretation of HCV laboratory values; 7) HIV medication AE assessment; and 8) other (including refilling medications and management of other comorbidities).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and thirty-five patients initiated treatment during this timeframe: 77.0% were males, 56.3% non-cirrhotic, 77.0% HCV treatment-naïve, 45.9% HCV genotype 1a, and 83.0% initiated on ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. The clinical pharmacist completed 150 PAs, counseled on HCV medication adherence in 79.2% of patients, conducted HCV DDI counseling and screening in 54.2%, and monitored HCV medication AEs in 54.2%. The clinical pharmacist counseled patients on HCV treatment outcomes and risk of reinfection in 53.1%, ordered laboratory tests in 44.8%, and reported and interpreted laboratory values in 44.8%. The clinical pharmacist assessed HIV medication AEs in 54.2% of patients and participated in other activities in 42.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A clinical pharmacist's expertise as part of a multidisciplinary care team facilitates optimal treatment outcomes and provides critical support in the management of DAA therapy in individuals living with HIV/HCV coinfection.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"7 ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2018-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S169282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36491997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}