Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Educational Inhaler Technique Interventions Among Community Pharmacists: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Farhat Naz Hussain,&nbsp;Bridget Paravattil","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S239215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S239215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Community pharmacists are the last point of contact before patients are provided with an inhaled asthma device and are expected to adequately educate and train patients on its use. Evidence has shown that pharmacists lack the knowledge and skills required to appropriately counsel patients on these devices. The aim of this systematic review was to focus on evaluating the effects of educational interventions on community pharmacists knowledge of inhaler technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted using the databases Pubmed and Embase with no applied time restrictions. The databases were searched from inception to December 2018. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported outcomes evaluating the improvement in pharmacists knowledge of inhaler technique after an educational intervention and provided details of the intervention. Pharmacists working in settings other than community pharmacies and inhaler devices used for conditions other than asthma were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies met the eligibility criteria. Workshops and one-on-one instruction were the main educational strategies used in these studies to augment the pharmacists knowledge of asthma inhaler devices. A checklist was utilized by all studies to evaluate the pharmacists improvement of inhaler technique after an educational intervention. All studies showed an improvement in inhaler technique of pharmacists post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Studies identified in this systematic review have shown that an educational intervention produced positive outcomes related to the pharmacists knowledge on the steps involved in using asthma inhaler devices. However, the study findings focused on short-term retention of knowledge of inhaler technique and did not address the application of these results in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S239215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37725809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supply Chain Management Performance of HIV/AIDS Commodities and Factors Affecting It at Health Facilities of SNNPRS of Ethiopia; from the Perspective of Achieving 90-90-90 Strategies.","authors":"Teklewold Abiye Damtie,&nbsp;Awol Jemal Ibrahim,&nbsp;Berhan Begashaw Yikna","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S228162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S228162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health facilities (HFs) need an extensive range of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and related HIV/AIDS commodities for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HIV/AIDS. This study was aimed to assess supply chain management performance from the perspective of achieving 90-90-90 treatment strategy at HFs of Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Regional State (SNNPRS), Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Facilities based cross sectional study design in 30 HFs (9 hospitals and 21 health centers) and five pharmaceuticals fund and supply agencies (PFSAs) was conducted. The HFs were selected randomly. Semi-structured questionnaires and observation checklists with logistic indicators assessment tools (LIATs) were used to collect data for HIV/AIDS related services from November 2016 to May 2017. In addition, we used in-depth face to face interview and thematic approach. Quantitative data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and transported to SPSS version 20 to analyze the result. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 9 (30%) HFs had received their orders from PFSA on time from date of report. Average lead time for ARV drugs was 46.4 days in hospitals and 59.2 days in health centers (HCs). Sixteen (60.7%) HFs reported their completed report and requisition format (RRF). From this, 53.3% HFs order was refilled correctly in quantity from that they need. Inventory accuracy rate was 77%. Major HFs, 20 (66.7%) faced at least one-time emergency order for ARV drugs, HIV test kits and viral load (VL) supplies. Whereas, 9 (30%) hospitals and 5 (16.67%) HCs were out of stock two and three times respectively. Sixteen (53.3%) commodities stocked out at least once in six months. Nevirapine (NVP) 10 mg/5 mL in 240 mL was the most stocked out (13 times) for an average 22 days. Uni gold was stocked out (16 times) with average of 34.5 days. Wastage rate was 2.5%. Twenty-five (83.3%) facilities had good storage conditions (>80% to the standard).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unsatisfactory data records, stock-outs, interrupted reports, inaccurate inventory and wastage rates were indicators for defective supply chain management of HIV/AIDS commodities. Respective organizations should improve their responsible activities to secure commodities availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S228162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37611786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey on Polypharmacy and Drug-Drug Interactions Among Elderly People with Cardiovascular Diseases at Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Yelbeneh Abayneh Assefa,&nbsp;Ansha Kedir,&nbsp;Wubayehu Kahaliw","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S231286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S231286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elderly people are most commonly associated with cardiac disease. Cardiovascular diseases are interlinked with co-morbidities which require multiple drug therapy in addition to cardiovascular drugs. This results to polypharmacy which carries a high risk of potential drug-drug interactions. Elderly patients are at a particular risk of drug related problems because of increased level of polypharmacy and the physiological changes which accompany aging. This study was aimed to assess polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among elderly people with cardiovascular diseases at Yekatit 12 hospital.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study using patients chart review was conducted on all elderly people with cardiovascular diseases at Yekatit 12 hospital in the period between March 2018 and March 2019. The types, seriousness and level of potential DDIs were checked using Medscape online drug interaction checker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean number of drugs per prescription was 4.25 ± 1.754 and the prevalence of polypharmacy (concurrent use of 5 and more drugs) was 42.7%. Polypharmacy and potential DDIs were significantly associated with polymorbidity (P = 0.000), being hospitalized (P = 0.047) and congestive heart failure (P = 0.016). A total of 850-potential DDIs were identified, the mean number of potential DDIs was 3.37 per prescription. The potential DDIs were mainly significant (73.29%) in nature and pharmacodynamics (73.06%) in mechanism. The prevalence of total and serious potential DDIs were 84.3% and 17.3%, respectively. Most commonly interacting drug combination was aspirin + enalapril (30.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher incidence of polypharmacy and increased risk of potential DDIs in elderly people with cardiovascular disease are major therapeutic issues at Yekatit 12 hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"9 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S231286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37611785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacogenomics In Pharmacy Practice: Current Perspectives.","authors":"Hazem Elewa,&nbsp;Ahmed Awaisu","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S180154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S180154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacogenomics (i.e., the application of genetic information in predicting an individual's response to drug therapy) plays an increasingly important role in drug development and decision-making regarding precision medicine. This has been shown to reduce the risk of adverse events and improve patient health-care outcomes through targeted therapies and dosing. As the field of pharmacogenomics rapidly evolves, the role of pharmacists in the education, implementation, and research applications of pharmacogenomics is becoming increasingly recognized. This paper aims to provide an overview and current perspectives of pharmacogenomics in contemporary clinical pharmacy practice and to discuss the future directions on advancing pharmacogenomics education, application, and research in pharmacy practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S180154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to identify, assess, and refer patients experiencing interpersonal violence across the lifespan: the role of US pharmacists in integrated pharmacy research and practice","authors":"Catherine Cerulli, Sachi Inoue, J. Cerulli","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S181213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S181213","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interpersonal violence is a public health crisis in need of multipronged interventions. Victims of violence experience both acute injuries and chronic illness and may seek acute self-care and/or have the need for chronic medication therapy. Thus, the community-based, ambulatory pharmacy setting can serve as a portal for identification of, and intervention for, victims of violence. This article provides background on four types of interpersonal violence, including intimate partner, child and elder abuse, in addition to sexual assault. This article briefly reviews the statutory reporting requirements for pharmacists in the United States, identifies educational needs for pharmacists with existing resources and suggests a method for the ambulatory pharmacist’s intervention.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"115 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74564464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening tools for detecting problematic opioid use and potential application to community pharmacy practice: a review.","authors":"Bryn Lindley,&nbsp;Nicholas Cox,&nbsp;Gerald Cochran","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S185663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S185663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Problematic opioid use, constituted by a myriad of conditions ranging from misuse to use disorders, has continued to receive an increasing amount of attention in recent years resulting from the high use of opioids in the United States coinciding with morbidity and mortality. Deaths from drug overdoses increased by over 11% between 2014 and 2015, which supports the need for identification of problematic opioid use in additional health care settings. One of these settings is community pharmacy. The community pharmacy is a unique health service setting to identify and potentially intervene with patients at risk of or exhibit problematic opioid use. Problematic opioid use can be identified using one of the various screening tools in conjunction with evaluating prescription drug monitoring systems. A total of 12 tools were identified that could be employed in community pharmacy settings for identifying problematic opioid use. This review highlights these tools and strategies for use that can be utilized in the community pharmacy, which should be adapted to individual pharmacy settings and local needs. Future research should assess pharmacy personnel's knowledge and perceptions of problematic opioid use and associated screening tools and interventions, which tools can be most effectively used in a community pharmacy, workflow needs to implement problematic opioid use screenings, and the impact of pharmacist engagement in problematic opioid use screening on patient clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S185663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quantitative insight of the interactions of prescribers with pharmaceutical organization’s representatives in clinical settings of Karachi","authors":"Sadia Shakeel, Shagufta Nesar, Wajiha Iffat, B. Fatima, Tahmina Maqbool, S. Jamshed","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S196318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S196318","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the prescribers’ approach of interaction with medical representatives for drug promotion. Methods: An explanatory, cross-sectional design was used to evaluate prescribers’ interactions with the medical sales representatives (MSRs) through an anonymous, self-filled questionnaire from June to December 2017. Data presented as means±SEM or as percentages and statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA, using significance level of 0.05. Results: A response rate of 82.8% was achieved. More than 70% agreed that knowledge obtained from MSRs is reliable and useful. A large proportion of respondents acknowledged that MSRs are a key link between pharmaceutical companies and health care professionals, and their interactions are beneficial as MSRs perform an important teaching function. More than 45% agreed that gifts are influential; however, physicians cannot be compromised with very expensive gifts. The majority of the respondents (76%) considered that promotional items are ethically appropriate; however, 66.21% thought that promotional items influence the practice of prescribing. More than half (52.18%) deemed a promotional material more reliable than a printed advertisement. More than 80% of the respondents opined that medication samples are considered appropriate; however, they should only be given to those patients who cannot financially afford them. Around 69% thought that company-sponsored meetings promote their own drugs under the disguise of CME programs. Conclusion: The present study emphasizes the importance of employing scientifically sound prescribing decision by prescribers in their day to day practice without being influenced by pharmaceutical company’s promotional activities. There is a need for restricting unprincipled practices by the concerned regulatory authorities to evade preventable harm to the patient’s well-being.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"57 1","pages":"75 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83984335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital–pharmacy cooperative training and drug-taking compliance in outpatients with chronic pain: a case–control study","authors":"Kenta Uejima, Masatoshi Hayasaka, J. Kato, Wakako Sakata, Susumu Otsuka, Fumiyuki Watanabe, Yoshikazu Yoshida, M. Kamei","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S197135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S197135","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Chronic pain is a common symptom that is suffered by 20% of the overall population in Japan. Although pharmacotherapy is critical for the treatment of chronic pain, there are no reports on the pharmacies. In the present study, we examined the effect of hospital–community pharmacy cooperative training on improving drug-taking compliance, pain relief, anxiety, insomnia, and motor function in patients with chronic pain. Patients and methods: The subject sample included 87 patients with chronic pain who were examined for the first time at the outpatient services department of Nihon University Itabashi Hospital. Patients were interviewed to obtain information regarding drugs used before and after the treatment, habitually used community pharmacies, presence of cooperative training with Itabashi Hospital, drug-taking compliance, and side effects. We compared treatment outcomes before and after consultation using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol Group measure (EQ-5D) for quality of life, Athens Insomnia Scale, and Locomo 25 scale for motor function. Results: In patients who used community pharmacies that perform training, drug-taking compliance was significantly better, and a significant improvement was observed in the scores of BPI, HADS Anxiety, Athens Insomnia, and Locomo 25. Conclusion: Pharmacotherapy is essential for the treatment of chronic pain. To this end, appropriate drugs with proper drug management guidance are indispensable. In this study, the use of community pharmacies that have undergone cooperative training with hospitals improves pain and anxiety. This is achieved through proper drug management guidance, shared awareness of drug information, and achievement of better drug-taking compliance. To improve the quality of treatment for chronic pain, involvement of community pharmacies such as by providing accurate information is essential. In the future, expanding cooperative training with hospitals may further help reassure patients, facilitate drug-taking, and improve the quality of treatment for chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"79 1","pages":"63 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74316978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing care transitions: the role of the community pharmacist [Corrigendum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S215799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S215799","url":null,"abstract":"Page 51, reference number 40, “Liu Y, Kuehl P. Identification of medication discrepancies by community pharmacists during a comprehensive medication review in patients 1 week post hospitalization. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014;54(2):e76–e219.” should be replaced by “Took R, Liu Y, Kuehl P. Identification of medication discrepancies by community pharmacists during a comprehensive medication review in patients 1 week post hospitalization. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2014;54(2): e76–e219.”.","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S215799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37089280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undergraduate pharmacy students' attitudes and perceived barriers toward provision of pharmaceutical care: a multi-institutional study in Nepal.","authors":"Sanjay Raj Baral,&nbsp;Daya Ram Parajuli,&nbsp;Shakti Shrestha,&nbsp;Santosh Raman Acharya,&nbsp;Prasanna Dahal,&nbsp;Prakash Poudel,&nbsp;Saruna Ghimire,&nbsp;Subish Palaian,&nbsp;Naveen Shrestha","doi":"10.2147/IPRP.S203240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S203240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Pharmaceutical care (PC) has a significant impact on optimizing pharmacotherapy and improving patients' quality of life. We aimed to determine the attitudes and perceived barriers of final year pharmacy undergraduates towards provision of PC services in Nepal. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 students using a 13-item-standard PC attitude survey (PCAS) questionnaire and 12-itemed PC barrier questionnaires. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to measure the median difference between groups, at alpha=0.05, and Spearman's rho test was used to measure the strength of the correlation. <b>Results:</b> Majority of students were self-motivated in undertaking the current pharmacy education (178, 76.7%) and had no previous incomplete grades that could delay their graduation (177, 76.3%). Over 80% of students had a positive attitude toward all items of PCAS (agreed and strongly agreed) except for two items. Whereas, 61 (26.3%) disagreed and strongly disagreed that providing PC takes too much time and effort. The major barriers perceived were inadequate PC training (176, 75.9%), inadequate drug information resources in the pharmacy (170, 73.3%), and lack of access to patient medical records in the pharmacy (165, 71.1%). A significant relationship was noticed between positive attitude towards PC and three factors; source of motivation, current employment in pharmacy job, and incomplete grades delaying graduation. Age factor was significant but negatively correlated with the scores of positive attitudes namely \"I would like to perform PC as a pharmacist practitioner\", \"Providing PC is professionally rewarding\" and \"I feel that the PC is the right direction for the provision to be headed\". <b>Conclusion:</b> Nepalese undergraduate pharmacy students had positive attitudes toward PC. Exercising proper pharmacy practice regulations and educational efforts to overcome the perceived barriers may lead to better delivery of PC.</p>","PeriodicalId":45655,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice","volume":"8 ","pages":"47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/IPRP.S203240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37089279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}