{"title":"Black Lives Matter… but to Whom? An Examination of Nationally-Grounded Determinants of Black Lives Matter Support.","authors":"Lucie-Anna Lankester, Theodore Alexopoulos","doi":"10.5334/irsp.824","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black Lives Matter (BLM) has gained momentum in its fight against racism cross-nationally. Yet, there are conflicting opinions on BLM. To account for this, previous research relied on cross-national predictors (e.g., Social Dominance Orientation; SDO). However, BLM support needs to be examined via the prism of national contexts and their peculiarities. Here, we claim that nationally-grounded determinants (next to cross-national ones) shape BLM (dis-)approval. Based on national identity construal, we argue that the way individuals identify with it predicts BLM support. Further, we expect this relationship to be mediated by personal endorsement of national beliefs about diversity. This claim was tested in a French ecological context, where: 1) national identity is based on a straitened view of diversity and 2) diversity issues are regulated via two antagonistic cultural norms: one is egalitarian (i.e., Historic Laïcité) and the other is assimilationist (i.e., New Laïcité). In two pre-registered and well-powered studies (Study 1, <i>N</i> = 305; Study 2, <i>N</i> = 489), we anticipated and found that National Identification negatively predicts BLM support. Crucially, cultural norm endorsements dually-mediated this relationship, suggesting their instrumental function in BLM support. We considered, via path analysis, an additional pathway involving SDO. We found that nationally-grounded and cross-national paths operate jointly to shape BLM support. We replicated these results one year later, providing support for our model. These findings are of relevance beyond the French context as they contribute to an emerging literature examining how intra- and inter-national forces shape, in tandem, diversity responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"36 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa Selma Moussaoui, Katherine M. White, Olivier Desrichard
{"title":"Collective Behaviours: Mediation Mechanisms Underlying the Influence of Descriptive and Injunctive Norms","authors":"Lisa Selma Moussaoui, Katherine M. White, Olivier Desrichard","doi":"10.5334/irsp.806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/irsp.806","url":null,"abstract":"Conformity to descriptive and injunctive norms has been explained by informational and normative social influence. We argue that in addition to these two types of social influence, outcome expectancy can mediate descriptive norms’ impact on people’s intentions in the case of collective behaviours such as hand washing to prevent virus spread. Two studies manipulate norm type (descriptive vs injunctive) and norm level (low vs high) and show their effects on intention to perform the behaviour. In Study 1 (N = 216), outcome expectancy was positively influenced by descriptive norm and was associated with intention. In Study 2 (N = 731), outcome expectancy was influenced by descriptive but also by injunctive norm. Similar to Study 1, outcome expectancy was significantly associated with intention. Our data support the idea outcome expectancy is an important antecedent of intention and an additional mechanism underlying the effects of descriptive norms and, in some instances, injunctive norms.","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"78 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Unfinished Chapter: The Impact of Belgians' Social Representations of Colonialism on their Present-Day Attitudes Towards Congolese People Living in Belgium.","authors":"Simona Lastrego, Zoé Magonet, Laurent Licata","doi":"10.5334/irsp.777","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various national and international political associations have claimed that present-day racism towards people of African descent living in formerly colonizing European countries is caused by these countries' colonial past and their governments' failure to adequately address this historical legacy. However, no empirical study has yet examined the relation between social representations of colonialism (SRC) and attitudes towards Afro-descendants among majority group members. To investigate this phenomenon, we carried out two cross-sectional studies, which both confirmed that SRC are associated with attitudes towards the Congolese and with support for compensations. Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 407) investigated, among Belgian participants, the association of the two dimensions of SRC - Exploitation and Development - with present-day intergroup attitudes and support for compensations (material and symbolic) for colonialism. Representing the colonial past in terms of Exploitation was associated with more positive attitudes and more intentions to compensate for colonialism, whereas representing it in terms of Development had the opposite effect. Some of these effects were moderated by national identification. Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 203) used the same design but also included a modern racism scale. Results of Study 1 were generally replicated, and effects of SRC on modern racism were obtained: SRC in terms of Exploitation was associated with less modern racism, and SRC in terms of Development was associated with more modern racism. Results are discussed in terms of post-colonial intergroup relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"62 2","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41295466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sriraj Aiyer, Hoi Ching Kam, Ka Yuk Ng, Nathaniel A Young, Jiaxin Shi, Gilad Feldman
{"title":"Outcomes Affect Evaluations of Decision Quality: Replication and Extensions of Baron and Hershey's (1988) Outcome Bias Experiment 1.","authors":"Sriraj Aiyer, Hoi Ching Kam, Ka Yuk Ng, Nathaniel A Young, Jiaxin Shi, Gilad Feldman","doi":"10.5334/irsp.751","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outcome bias is the phenomenon whereby decisions which resulted in successful outcomes were rated more favorably than when the same decisions resulted in failures. We conducted a pre-registered replication and extension of Experiment 1 (original's: <i>N</i> = 20) from the classic Baron and Hershey (1988) with an online Amazon Mechanical Turk sample using CloudResearch (<i>N</i> = 692), switching from a within-participants design in the original experiment to a between-participants design. We tested outcome bias by measuring participants' ratings of the quality of decisions in medical scenarios. For the replication (pre-registered) part of the study, we successfully replicated signal and direction of the outcome bias (original: <i>d<sub>paired</sub></i> = 0.21 - 0.53; replication: <i>d<sub>independent</sub></i> = 0.77 [0.62, 0.93] to 1.1 [0.94, 1.26]), and even for participants who stated that outcomes should not be taken into consideration when evaluating decisions (<i>d</i> = 0.64 [0.21, 1.08]). For the extension part of the study, we found differences, dependent on outcome types, in evaluations of the perceived importance of considering the outcome, the perceived responsibility of decision-makers, and the perception that others would act similarly given the choice by outcome type. Materials, data, and code are available on Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/knjhu/.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Neoliberal are You? Development and Validation of the Neoliberal Orientation Questionnaire.","authors":"Lola Girerd, John T Jost, Virginie Bonnot","doi":"10.5334/irsp.663","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We created a novel instrument to assess individual orientations toward the neoliberal capitalist system, the Neoliberal Orientation Questionnaire (NOQ), which is comprised of four dimensions: competitiveness, individual self-regulation, relational detachment, and public divestment. The instrument was intended to complement existing scales by (a) adopting a European perspective, and (b) incorporating personal as well as societal values, including lifestyle considerations. We sought to validate the NOQ in a European country with a strong history of public investment and social welfare provisions, namely France. In three nationally representative French samples, and one US student sample we assessed the internal consistency and construct validity of long and short versions of the scale. In terms of convergent and divergent validity, NOQ scores were positively correlated with scores on the Neoliberal Beliefs Inventory (NBI), general and economic forms of system justification, social dominance orientation, social and economic conservatism, internal locus of control, belief in free will, future-orientation, and a tendency to look on the 'bright side' in the face of hardships. The NOQ should prove useful for understanding the antecedents, concomitants, and consequences of attitudinal support versus opposition to the neoliberal capitalist system that dominates contemporary Western societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44749536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Can I Help You? The Influence of Situation and Hostile Sexism on Perception of Appropriate Gender of Conversational Agents.","authors":"Mathieu Pinelli, Elisa Sarda, Clémentine Bry","doi":"10.5334/irsp.669","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly being developed on commercial websites nowadays. We tested in two studies whether gender stereotypes apply to non-gendered CAs. In the first study, participants evaluated whether CAs are expected to display more masculine or feminine characteristics in situations designed to be stereotypically male or female. The sexist attitudes of the respondents were also measured. As predicted, participants perceived that a CA should be more masculine in stereotypically male situations and more feminine in stereotypically female situations. Moreover, we found that hostile sexism but not benevolent sexism moderated the effect of the gendered situation. The second study replicated the results while addressing the limits of Study 1, showing the robustness of these effects. These findings are consistent with models of gender stereotypes in humans and robots and show for the first time a moderation effect of (hostile) sexism in a customer service context with CAs. The processes involved in human relationships seem relevant in a digital environment that involves CAs. Researchers and professionals should work together to avoid reproducing and perpetuating gender stereotypes when developing CAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facial Emotion Recognition in Sleep Deprivation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mengyuan Li, Chifen Ma, Chao Wu","doi":"10.5334/irsp.679","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sleep deprivation (SD) has detrimental effects on cognition. Emotional processing, a critical component of social cognition, is also affected by SD. However, current research on how SD affects emotion recognition and the specific emotion recognition that declines with SD is inconsistent. The present study meta-analyzed results of studies examining emotion category recognition changes in SD compared with controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched. Studies on the impact of acute SD or insomnia on emotional recognition and participants aged 18 years or older were included in this review. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE approach were used to assess the quality of the studies and evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies with 414 SD and 399 control participants were included in this meta-analysis. The SD group performed poorer on facial sadness (MD = -4.35; 95% CI, -7.99 to -0.71) and happiness (MD = -1.75; 95% CI, -3.25 to -0.26) recognition than the control group (normal sleep condition). The reaction time of the SD group was significantly longer than that of the control group for all emotional categories. The intensity rating of facial emotions showed no difference between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep deprivation slows individuals' reactions in facial emotion recognition tasks and weakens their ability to recognize sadness and happiness. Future studies should identify the effects of SD, SD duration, and recovery time on different types of emotion recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a French Paper-and-Pencil Implicit Association Test to Measure Athletes' Implicit Doping Attitude (IAT-Dop).","authors":"Valentine Filleul, Fabienne d'Arripe-Longueville, Eric Meinadier, Jacky Maillot, Derwin K-C Chan, Stéphanie Scoffier-Mériaux, Karine Corrion","doi":"10.5334/irsp.651","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although explicit measures of doping attitude are widely used, they are susceptible to bias due to social desirability. The current computerized measures of implicit attitudes are time-consuming and based on expensive software solutions. Recently, paper-and-pencil (p&p) Implicit Association Tests (IAT) have been developed, making it possible to test several participants simultaneously, anywhere, and with no need of computerized equipment and software. The present series of studies aimed at developing a French version of a p&p IAT to measure athletes' attitudes toward doping (Chan et al., 2017): the IAT-Dop. Four studies, including 212 participants (<i>M</i>age = 25.49, <i>SD</i> = 5.73), followed Bardin et al. (2016) and Boateng et al. (2018) validation recommendations: (a) development of a preliminary version of the IAT-Dop based on the proposal of Chan's tool (2017), (b) dimensionality and criterion validity tests demonstrating the structure of the p&p version, (c) test-retest reliability, and (d) first approach to construct validity. The results showed that the IAT-Dop was able to measure implicit attitudes toward doping and was stable across time. Significant correlations between the computerized and p&p versions confirmed the construct validity. The p&p IAT-Dop showed several advantages over the computerized version (Lemm et al., 2008), including lower cost and ease of administration. By offering accurate measures and an easier, faster, and cheaper way to measure doping attitudes, this tool should contribute to the better assessment and understanding of the mechanisms related to doping, and it might be a useful new indicator in the evaluation of prevention programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Group Dominance, System Justification, and Hostile Classism: The Ideological Roots of the Perceived Socioeconomic Humanity Gap That Upholds the Income Gap.","authors":"Mario Sainz, Gloria Jiménez-Moya","doi":"10.5334/irsp.753","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perceiving low-socioeconomic status (low-SES) groups as less human than high-SES groups contributes to justifying socioeconomic inequality. Despite this issue's relevance, previous research has not acknowledged the possible causes of this perceived humanity gap (differences in humanity between SES groups). In this project, we focus on analysing the possible influence of hierarchy-enhancing ideological variables on this gap. To do so, in a first correlational study (<i>N</i> = 765), we analyse the extent to which certain ideological variables predict the perceived humanity gap between low- and high-SES groups. Our results indicate that group dominance, system justification, and hostile classism are highly predictive of the humanity gap. In a second correlational study (<i>N</i> = 521) we found that the perceived humanity gap, the tendency to blame low-SES groups and praise high-SES groups for their economic standings, sequentially mediated the relationship among social dominance, system justification, and hostile classism with the support of social change policies. Finally, we manipulated each ideological variable in three equivalent studies (<i>N</i> = 631) to test its influence on the previous pattern of mediational results. The results confirmed the ideological variables' antecedent roles in the mediation analysis. Finally, we discuss the role of the ideological hierarchy variables in the maintenance of socioeconomic differences through (de)humanisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44848986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Masciantonio, Maxime Résibois, Pierre Bouchat, David Bourguignon
{"title":"Social Network Sites and Well-Being: Is it Only a Matter of Content?","authors":"Alexandra Masciantonio, Maxime Résibois, Pierre Bouchat, David Bourguignon","doi":"10.5334/irsp.736","DOIUrl":"10.5334/irsp.736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Are social network sites harmful to our well-being? Despite the topicality of this question, the literature is still inconsistent. Possible reasons include the over-use of cross-sectional designs, the centration on Facebook, and the omission of the different ways of using these platforms. Two preregistered experimental studies were therefore conducted to investigate the effects of passive and active usages of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter on subjective well-being. For both the first (N = 244) and the second (N = 164) study, the results did not yield any significant effects of the type of social network sites and their passive-active usages on subjective well-being. In contrast, surfing content was associated with subjective well-being in Study 2: the more positive the content was, the more life satisfaction increased, and the more the negative affect decreased. Further investigation of this research question will be necessary in larger samples, including longitudinal studies that could provide greater ecological validity while testing the effects of social network sites in the long-term. These findings are therefore to be taken with caution; above all, they open new avenues of research to understand the relationship between social network sites and subjective well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":45461,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}