International Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Acknowledgements to our Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1761-7227(26)00008-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1761-7227(26)00008-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of mechanical properties of in-house manufactured fully customized lingual brackets versus prefabricated brackets: An in vitro study","authors":"Pedro Graziani Olímpio Pereira ,&nbsp;Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira ,&nbsp;Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo ,&nbsp;Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ,&nbsp;Marcos Roberto de Freitas ,&nbsp;Daniela Garib ,&nbsp;Guilherme Janson","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This in vitro study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of fully customized lingual brackets (FCLBs) designed and manufactured in-house using open-source software with two commercially prefabricated lingual brackets.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The FCLBs were designed with Liberteeth 3D, a plug-in within the open-source software Blender 3D. The .stl files of the brackets were printed using a direct laser metal sintering machine. The comparison groups included prefabricated In-Ovation® L (IOL) and New STb™ brackets (STb). The sample included 24 lingual brackets, eight per group. The groups were compared in vitro regarding static and kinetic friction using a universal testing machine, and slot size and surface roughness were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and non-contact laser profilometry. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and One-way Analysis of Variance tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No differences in static and kinetic friction were found. All tested brackets showed slight deviations in slot sizes compared to the manufacturer's prescription. IOL brackets demonstrated a significantly smaller slot size in both height (MD: −32.17; CI: −56.66, −19.71; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001) and width (MD: −137.31; CI: −188.46, −105.17; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) compared with STb brackets. The FCLBs presented significantly greater surface slot roughness compared with the In-Ovation® (MD: −0.41; CI: −0.49, −0.34; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) and New STb™ (MD: −0.39; CI: −0.47, −0.32; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) brackets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The design and manufacture of FCLBs using open-source software is feasible. However, the sintering and surface polishing processes require improvement to achieve optimal clinical outcomes in a future clinical perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular symphysis dimensions among various craniofacial patterns: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Muhammad Saood ,&nbsp;Qasim Khalid ,&nbsp;Wajiha Abbas ,&nbsp;Umer Hussain ,&nbsp;Marium Jamil ,&nbsp;Umar Hussain ,&nbsp;Alessandra Campobasso ,&nbsp;Junad Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate and synthesize the available evidence on mandibular symphysis dimensions across different sagittal and vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eligibility criteria: cross sectional studies comparing mandibular symphysis dimensions among individuals with different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns. Information sources: unrestricted literature search of six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACs, Cochrane and Google Scholar) was conducted up to April 2025 without language restriction. Risk of bias: the quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Synthesis of results: random-effects meta-analyses were performed using mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using I² and Tau² statistics. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicity, imaging modality, and risk of bias. Publication bias was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Included studies: twenty-three cross-sectional studies involving 3313 participants (40.35% male) were included. Synthesis of results: class III subjects showed significantly greater symphysis area (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.37[1.33, 3.41]), height (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.75[0.27, 1.22]), and convexity (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.59[0.69, 6.49]) compared to Class I. Hyperdivergent individuals had increased symphysis height (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.31[0.53, 2.1]) and reduced width (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->–1.25[–2.37,–0.12]), while hypodivergent individuals showed reduced height (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->–0.68[–1.34,–0.03]) and increased width (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.42[0.41, 2.42]). Subgroup analyses revealed ethnicity and risk of bias as significant modifiers, particularly in Class II and vertical pattern comparisons. No significant publication bias was detected.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Limitations of evidence: the inclusion of mostly retrospective studies, presence of growing individuals, inadequate control for confounders, inconsistent age and sex reporting, and limited outcome data restricted the strength and scope of the meta-analysis. Interpretation: symphysis dimensions vary by skeletal pattern, with vertical growth type showing stronger associations than sagittal class.</div></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><div>PROPSERO (CRD420251049382).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular canal angle, length and curvature in the three facial growth patterns and their association with vertical dysplasia indicators in adult patients: A retrospective cross-sectional 2D cephalometric study","authors":"Madhanraj Selvaraj,&nbsp;Piramanayagam Varshitha,&nbsp;Bhaskar Nivethitha,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Madhan","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study compared the cephalometric mandibular canal (MC) morphology in different facial growth patterns and its association with other common vertical dysplasia indicators (VDI).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 111 individuals (18–40 years) were categorised as normodivergent (ND), hypodivergent (HypoD), and hyperdivergent (HyperD) growth patterns based on SNGoGn. The mandibular canal angle (MCA) and VDI were estimated using cephalometric software. The mandibular canal length (MCL) and mandibular canal curvature (MCC) were calculated using the B-spline curve fitting method. The statistical analyses included comparing the MC variables across the three growth patterns and assessing their correlations with other VDI. Linear models were used to evaluate the multivariate effects of growth pattern, age and sex on MC variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The HyperD group showed the highest median MCA (150°) followed by ND (146°) and HypoD (141°), with all intergroup differences significant at <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001. There was no statistically significant difference in the MCL between the groups (ND<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->57<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.3, HypoD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->58.2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.5, HyperD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->57.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.1<!--> <!-->mm). The MCC radius was higher in HyperD (44.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->8.7<!--> <!-->mm) than in ND (39.1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->11.7, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.034) and HypoD group (38.7<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->8.5<!--> <!-->mm, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.026), implying a less curved MC in HyperD group. The age and sex of the individual did not have any significant impact on the MC variables. While MCA demonstrated moderate to high correlation with many VDI, the other two were not correlated with most.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The mandibular canal angle and curvature are potential cephalometric indicators of facial growth patterns, with the former being more robust and practical for routine clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 4","pages":"Article 101026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of combining intraoral and facial scan in a single digital model of an orthodontic patient utilizing corresponding measurements on the model and on real photographs: A prospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Michail Vasoglou ,&nbsp;Ioanna Pouliezou ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Apostolopoulos ,&nbsp;Georgios Vasoglou","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To validate the accuracy of integration of intraoral scan to the facial scan acquired by the EM3D application, utilising the Blue Sky Plan 4 software, creating a digital model of an orthodontic patient, by comparing the same linear measurements on real photographs and images from the digital model of the patient.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Thirty patients (20 females and 10 males; age range 12–30<!--> <!-->years) undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were recruited in this prospective cross-sectional study from December 2024 to February 2025. Five facial landmarks were marked on each patient: Tragion right, Cheilion right and left, Subnasale and Pronasale. Intraoral scan and facial scan were performed at the same appointment. Facial scan was conducted using an iPhone 13 Pro with the EM3D face scanning application which utilizes the iPhone's TrueDepth camera technology while the patient was smiling. The STL (Stereolithography) and OBG (Object) files (acquired from intraoral and facial scan respectively) were combined in a digital model using the Blue Sky Plan 4 software. Lateral and frontal photographs of the patient's face, while smiling, were also acquired. Eight linear measurements (Tragion right – bracket #11, Tragion right – incisal #11, Cheilion right – #13, Cheilion left – #13, Subnasale – #11, Subnasale – #21, Pronasale – #11, Pronasale – #21) were digitally performed on the real and digital photographs of the patients using the facial landmarks and certain points on teeth and braces. Paired sample <em>t</em>-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significantly statistical difference was detected only in one (Cheilion right – #13) measurement (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Combining intraoral and facial scan using a special software provides a clinically useful digital model of an orthodontic patient for diagnosis, treatment planning and outcome assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 4","pages":"Article 101015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knoop microhardness, surface roughness, and cytotoxicity analysis of arginine-modified experimental orthodontic resins: An in vitro study","authors":"Pérola Costa Bitencourt Santos ,&nbsp;Analia Gabriella Borges Ferraz Facury ,&nbsp;Lenita Marangoni Lopes ,&nbsp;Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti ,&nbsp;Daniel Navarro da Rocha ,&nbsp;Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho ,&nbsp;Ana Rosa Costa ,&nbsp;José Guilherme Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The study aimed to evaluate the impact of incorporating 2.5%, 5%, and 7% arginine on the hardness, roughness, and cytotoxicity of 3M™ Transbond™ XT.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A total of 48 samples were divided into four groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->12): G1 – commercial resin 3M™ Transbond™ XT (TXT); G2 – TXT<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->2.5% arginine; G3 – TXT<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->5% arginine; and G4 – TXT<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->7% arginine. The hardness analysis was performed by a microhardness tester. The measurements of roughness were performed by a surface roughness measuring instrument. The surface morphology analysis was analyzed by digital images obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For the in vitro cytotoxicity test, dental pulp mesenchymal cells underwent a cell viability reduction assay. For statistical analysis, ANOVA (one-way/two-way) was used, followed by Tukey's test post hoc (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a reduction in the hardness of experimental resins compared to 3M™ Transbond™ XT commercial resin (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). There was no difference between concentrations of 2.5% and 5%, but there was the largest reduction in resin with 7% arginine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Surface roughness analysis showed there was no statistical difference between the samples (P ≥ 0.05). SEM also did not demonstrate changes in the surface roughness of the resins. All groups exhibited good cell viability at each timepoint. After 48h, an increase was observed for groups contaning arginine <!--> <!--> <!--> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).<strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> Surface hardness was modified with when arginine incorporation - to the Transbond™ XT resin formulation. No differences were observed for surface roughness. Due to the initial cytotoxicity of the resins, precautions regarding satisfactory photopolymerization and the distance of application in relation to the gingival tissues must be adopted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 4","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D longitudinal changes in palatal morphology in growing subjects: A retrospective study","authors":"Judith Oropeza Araque ,&nbsp;Marianne Saade ,&nbsp;Srikant Natarajan ,&nbsp;Bhoomi Kotak ,&nbsp;Melih Motro ,&nbsp;Goli Parsi","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The palate plays a crucial role in oral functions such as speech, breathing, and mastication. Understanding its development during growth is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning. This study aimed to assess changes in palatal depth, width, volume, and surface area at ages 8, 12, and 18.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This retrospective analysis of palatal characteristics was performed on dental casts obtained at 3 time points: 8, 12, and 18 years of age from untreated cases obtained from the Forsyth Twin Growth Study database collected from 1959–1975. The casts were scanned then eleven landmarks were plotted and a 3D analysis was performed to obtain the anterior and posterior widths and depths, surface area, and volume. Repeated measures ANOVA and posthoc Bonferroni's test were performed to evaluate the changes at different ages.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty subjects (16 females and 14 males) were included in this study. There was a statistically significant increase in volume and posterior depth among all age groups for both sexes. Surface area exhibited early growth from age 8 to 12 in males, plateauing after 12 years, while anterior depth significantly increased from ages 12 to 18 in both sexes. Anterior width grew significantly in females during the same period, with no significant changes in males. Posterior width showed a gradual increase with no significant difference between 8 and 12 years or 12 and 18 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There were consistent incremental changes in the palate's volume and posterior depth. The anterior width of the palate did not show consistent growth, as it only significantly increased dimensions from 12 to 18 years of age in females, whereas the surface area plateaued in males after 12 years, and posterior width changes were non-significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 4","pages":"Article 101033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional assessment of mini-implant supported maxillary canine retraction with and without power arm in class II division 1 patients: A split-mouth randomized trial","authors":"Anas Nedal Kassas,&nbsp;Ahmed Mohamed Kamel,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan Mohammad,&nbsp;Maher Abd El-Salam Fouda,&nbsp;Mona Abdelaziz Montasser","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The primary objectives of this trial were to compare the mechanics of direct sliding (DS) and power arm sliding (PAS) methods for canine retraction in regard to the rate of retraction, rotation, and tipping. The secondary objectives included the evaluation of canine mobility, mini-implant stability, and pain.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This split-mouth study was conducted over a 12-month intervention period on young adult patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion requiring extraction of the maxillary first premolars, recruited between July 2023 and January 2024. Retraction methods were randomly assigned to sides by coin toss. Closed coil springs applying 150<!--> <!-->g retraction forces were stretched to the canine bracket hook on one side and the power arm on the contralateral side. Digital models were analysed to measure canine retraction rate, tipping, and rotation. Canine mobility and mini-implant stability were assessed with the periotest. The pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale. Data were analysed using two-way mixed ANOVA, and intraclass correlation test. Blinding was only used during data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty patients (aged 18.35<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.85) were included. The total retraction rate was greater in DS (4.42<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.75<!--> <!-->mm) compared to PAS (2.93<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.56<!--> <!-->mm) with <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001. Tipping and rotation were significantly higher in DS compared to PAS with <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.031, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 methods regarding mini-implant stability, and pain. However, canine mobility revealed a significant difference only during the first and second months (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.005, P<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.003, respectively) with higher periotest values recorded in the PAS group. No harm was observed during the trial.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The DS method resulted in a faster rate of retraction than the PAS method. However, the PAS method effectively reduced both tipping and rotation, facilitating a more controlled bodily movement during canine retraction.</div><div>Trial registration in Clinical-Trial.gov under identification number <span><span>NCT06352996</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 4","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical changes following alignment of palatally displaced maxillary lateral incisors with the Invisalign® appliance: A retrospective study","authors":"Zahraa Albarki,&nbsp;Tony Weir,&nbsp;Maurice J. Meade","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of planned vertical positioning of palatally displaced maxillary lateral incisors (PDMLI) in patients treated with an initial series of Invisalign® (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) aligners.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The pre-treatment digital models, and models representing the planned and achieved treatment outcomes of adult patients, prescribed an initial series of Invisalign® aligners were analysed, using Geomagic Control X® (version 2017.0.3; 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). Clinical significance was determined according to the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 63 patients, comprising 90 PDMLIs, met the inclusion criteria. The mean (SD) difference between the planned and achieved vertical position of PDMLIs following wear of the initial series of aligners was 0.40 (0.5) mm. A clinically significant discrepancy between planned and achieved was observed in 39 (43.3%) PDMLIs. Extrusion was less accurately achieved than intrusion, particularly when accompanied by planned intrusion of the adjacent central incisor. Linear regression analysis showed that age, sex, presence of an attachment, and amount of planned root torque did not significantly influence the accuracy of vertical positioning (<em>P</em> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->0.05), whereas planned antero-posterior movement of the PDMLI crown did (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The achieved vertical position of PDMLIs following an initial series of Invisalign® treatment differed significantly from the planned position with 43.3% showing a clinically significant difference. The amount of antero-posterior movement was significantly related to the efficacy in achieving the planned vertical movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 4","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}