International Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Multidisciplinary orthodontic and prosthetic treatment of an eleven-year-old patient with a solitary median maxillary central incisor: A case report.","authors":"Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis, Nikolaos Gogolas, Platon-Timotheos Perdikaris, Alexandros Kostis, Athanasios E Athanasiou, Eleftherios G Kaklamanos","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome is a rare developmental disorder in which a patient presents with only one upper central incisor located in the midline, along with some other features - such as deviant sella turcica and pituitary gland morphology, panhypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, and hypoplasia of the inner genitals - that may or may not be present. Although some authors consider it a mild manifestation of holoprosencephaly, others classify it as a distinct entity. The aim of this case report is to describe the orthodontic treatment of an 11-year-old female patient with SMMCI. The patient presented with early permanent dentition, Class II, division 2, subdivision (left) malocclusion on a Class I skeletal pattern, a solitary median maxillary central incisor, and moderate crowding in the lower dental arch. Orthodontic treatment was carried out using fixed appliances, involving the creation of space for an additional maxillary central incisor and the correction of Class II malocclusion through the application of intermaxillary elastics. By the end of treatment, Class I canine and molar relationships had been achieved, the overjet and overbite became optimal, and a one-wing Maryland bridge was placed in the area of the left maxillary central incisor. Regarding retention, a lower fixed retainer from canine to canine and upper and lower vacuum-formed appliances were used. In conclusion, this case report highlights the importance of coordinated care among dental specialists for effectively treating solitary median maxillary central incisor cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"101069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-reported outcome measures of accelerated upper canine retraction with low-amperage electrical stimulation: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Mohammad N. Kheshfeh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Y. Hajeer ,&nbsp;Mohammad Khursheed Alam ,&nbsp;Mhd Firas Al Hinnawi ,&nbsp;Youssef Latifeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101077","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Interest in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement has been increasing, with a particular focus on methods that prioritize high-quality patient-reported outcomes. Among these, low-amperage electrical stimulation (LAES) emerges as a promising technique. However, the patient-reported outcome measures related to its intraoral application remain largely unexplored.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This randomized controlled trial evaluated the clinical tolerance and patient-reported outcomes of an intraoral LAES device during maxillary canine retraction. Pain perception during the early phase (A1–A3) was designated as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included discomfort, swallowing, chewing, and speech difficulties, analgesic use, overall satisfaction, and willingness to recommend the procedure.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods and Trial design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial with a 3-month follow-up. Thirty-six adults (17–28&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;years) with Class II Division 1 malocclusion requiring bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction were randomized to LAES (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;18) or control (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; &lt;!--&gt;=&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;18). Patient-reported outcomes were recorded at nine time points (A1–C3). Pain (primary outcome) was analysed using a linear mixed-effects model, with clinical significance defined a priori as ±20&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mm on the 100-mm VAS. Equivalence was assessed using the two one-sided tests procedure with 90% confidence intervals. Secondary outcomes were summarized descriptively with between-group mean differences and 90%/95% CIs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pain scores were lower in the LAES group at several early assessments (notably A1–A3), but between-group differences did not exceed the ±20&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mm clinical threshold. Equivalence was not confirmed at A1 and A2 but was supported from A3 onward. Discomfort was greater in the LAES group during initial intervals, with confidence intervals exceeding the equivalence margin, indicating clinically relevant short-term limitations. Swallowing and chewing difficulties remained mild and clinically negligible. Speech difficulty was significantly higher in the LAES group during the first week but declined thereafter, consistent with adaptation. Analgesic intake was minimal in both groups. Despite these transient drawbacks, satisfaction was high, and all participants indicated willingness to recommend the procedure.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Harms&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;No systemic adverse events occurred during the trial; one patient experienced palatal abrasion that resolved without sequelae.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The LAES device was safe and generally well tolerated. While it did not provide clinically meaningful reductions in pain, it was associated with greater early discomfort and speech difficulty, both of which diminished with continued use. Patient satisfaction remained high, suggesting good overall acceptabi","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are answers obtained from artificial intelligence models for information purposes repeatable?","authors":"Yasemin Tunca ,&nbsp;Volkan Kaplan ,&nbsp;Murat Tunca","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The objective of this study was to assess the repeatability of orthodontic responses generated by multiple large language models across repeated time points.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This experimental study assessed the answers provided by ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Gemini, and Gemini-Advanced to 40 frequently asked orthodontic questions. Each model was prompted with the same questions at three time points (T0: day 0, T1: day 7, and T2: day 14). Two blinded orthodontic experts independently evaluated responses using a 3-point accuracy scale. Cohen's Kappa and ICC were applied to assess inter-rater agreement and repeatability, respectively. In addition, Friedman test with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis and Spearman correlation were used for temporal comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cohen's Kappa values between raters ranged from 0.624 to 0.749, indicating substantial inter-rater agreement. ICC values for repeatability ranged from 0.666 (Gemini) to 0.960 (ChatGPT-3.5). Friedman test results revealed significant differences in model accuracy at T0 and T2 (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed ChatGPT-3.5 differed significantly from Gemini and Gemini Advanced. Spearman correlations between time points were positive but weak (ρ<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.284 to 0.383, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study revealed statistically significant differences in repeatability among AI models. Despite high accuracy, some models exhibited limited consistency over time. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating both accuracy and temporal stability when integrating AI systems into clinical orthodontic communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index, and degree of conversion of orthodontic composite adhesives: An in vitro study using human premolars","authors":"Rehab A. Khalil ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. El-Okaily ,&nbsp;Ghada A. Alkaranfilly","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI), and degree of conversion (DC) of four different orthodontic adhesives.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Sixty maxillary first premolars were randomly divided into four groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->15) according to the type of adhesive used: group I, Grengloo™ (GG), group II, Trulock® (TL), group III, CuRAY-Eclipse® (EC), and group IV, Master-Dent® (MD). The SBS was tested using a universal testing machine, and the ARI scores were evaluated by using a stereomicroscope. For assessing the DC, 5 cured and 5 uncured specimens were prepared for each group. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrometer was used to evaluate the DC for each composite. The SBS data were analysed by the Welch one-way ANOVA test, followed by Games-Howell post hoc test. ARI index scores were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc test. The DC data were analysed by using the one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The significance level was set at <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05 within all tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant difference in the mean SBS (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) between the tested groups (PES: 0.684, 95% CI [0.460 to 0.757]). GG had a statistically significantly higher mean SBS (19.63<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.44<!--> <!-->MPa) than the other adhesives. EC had a significantly higher mean SBS (14.15<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.28<!--> <!-->MPa) than MD (9.98<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.81<!--> <!-->MPa). There was no significant difference in mean SBS between TL (11.96<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.34<!--> <!-->MPa) and EC or between TL and MD. There was a significant difference in ARI scores (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) between the tested adhesives (PES[H]: 0.262, 95% CI [0.100 to 0.510]). The predominant mode of bond failure in GG, TL, and EC was cohesive failure, while MD revealed bond failure at the enamel/adhesive interface. There was a significant difference (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.010) in the DC values between the tested composites (PES: 0.518, 95% CI [0.202 to 0.640]). GG (83.66<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.48%) had a significantly higher mean DC than MD (74.57<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.47%). There was no significant difference in the mean values of the DC between GG, TL (77.02<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.42%), and EC (78.36<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.23%), or between TL, EC, and MD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GG had the highest SBS. All the tested adhesives showed adequate and acceptable SBS and DC for clinical practice. All the adhesives revealed cohesive bond failure, except MD exhibited bond failure at the enamel/adhesive interface. The DC was influenced by the composite type. GG had the highest DC and was significantly higher than MD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of variations in mini-screw diameter, length, tapering, and thread depth on stress-strain distribution and displacement in alveolar bone: A three-dimensional finite element analysis","authors":"Hamed Rahimi ,&nbsp;Salva Khosroshahian ,&nbsp;Faham Vjihi","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Optimizing orthodontic mini-screw design is critical for primary stability. This study investigated the effects of macroscopic parameters—including length, diameter, taper, and thread depth—on stress distribution in surrounding alveolar bone using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) immediately after orthodontic loading.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We designed a standard mini-screw (8<!--> <!-->mm length, 1.6<!--> <!-->mm diameter, 0.25<!--> <!-->mm thread depth, 1° taper with V-shaped threads) and systematically altered each parameter to create eight additional models. Each mini-screw embedded in bone was subjected to a 2<!--> <!-->N static shear load. The stress distribution in the bone and mini-screw, as well as mini-screw displacement under shear loading, were calculated to evaluate primary stability for each design.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reducing diameter by 0.2<!--> <!-->mm increased maximum von Mises stress by 47% in bone and 33% in the mini-screw, whereas increasing diameter by 0.2<!--> <!-->mm decreased stress by 10% in both. Other design parameters had smaller effects under shear loading. Maximum bone stress consistently occurred at the mini-screw entry site and around the first thread.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mini-screw diameter is the most influential factor affecting primary stability, particularly regarding maximum von Mises stress. Our findings highlight the importance of optimizing diameter and structural design at the bone entry site, providing practical guidance for clinical selection and mini-screw design improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting treatment pathways in Class II malocclusion patients using machine learning: A comparative study of four algorithms for classifying camouflage, growth modulation, and surgical decisions","authors":"Mukesh Kumar,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar,&nbsp;Malvika Agarwal,&nbsp;Ekta Yadav,&nbsp;Sougandhika Gandi","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to develop a machine-learning model to assist in treatment decision-making for surgery, camouflage, and growth modulation in Class II malocclusion patients and to evaluate its validity and reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A total of 506 Class II malocclusion patients were included in the study, with patients randomly assigned to a training set (405) and a test set (101). Four machine-learning (ML) models – logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) – were trained to predict the most suitable treatment approach: camouflage, growth modulation (GM), or surgery. The accuracy of treatment decisions was evaluated for each model, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, the McNemar's test was used to assess the statistical significance of model performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The AUC-PR values indicate that SVM and RF are the best-performing models, both achieving 1.00 for GM, 0.92 for camouflage, and 0.82 for surgery, demonstrating strong classification capabilities across all classes. LR performs well for GM (0.97<strong>)</strong> but struggles with camouflage and surgery (both 0.66), indicating inconsistencies. The DT has the lowest overall performance, with 0.62 for GM and camouflage, and 0.55 for surgery, suggesting weaker classification reliability. Given these results, SVM and RF emerge as the most effective models, offering the best balance of precision and recall across all classes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Support vector machine and random forest demonstrate strong classification for growth modulation with high precision and recall, while camouflage remains stable until 80% recall before precision declines. Surgery involves greater trade-offs between precision and recall. This study further supports that ANB, Nasolabial angle, SNA, H angle, Age, Mandibular plane angle can be used as strong predictors in assessing patient's treatment needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of digital vs. manual cephalometric tracing: A systematic review","authors":"Shankargouda Patil ,&nbsp;Alia Choudhary ,&nbsp;Harriet Young ,&nbsp;Quinton Ashton ,&nbsp;Aasha Patel ,&nbsp;Reji Mathew ,&nbsp;Frank W. Licari ,&nbsp;Tarek El-Bialy","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This systematic review aimed to assess the accuracy of digital cephalometric tracing with manual hand tracing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles. After an initial search, which revealed 279 potentially relevant articles, their titles and abstracts were screened. After screening, 23 full-text articles were assessed in depth. Fifteen publications were removed from the analysis considering the predetermined inclusion criteria. The quality of the methodology of the selected 9 studies was analyzed using 12-point criteria, which included study design, measurement, and statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The data thus collected was analyzed for reliable and reproducible variables. All studies were carried out on the digital format of lateral cephalograms. The analysis included both angular and linear measurements. The results brought about statistically significant differences in certain methods and were clinically acceptable even though they were minimal. A few measured variables were the cephalogram quality, lip posture, positioning, and difficulty in locating landmarks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review concluded that digital cephalometric tracing was equally reliable as tracing manually, with a moderate quality of evidence. This study also suggested that the literature presented here was accurate enough for clinical application. Thus, digital cephalometric analyses can potentially improve the workflow in clinical and research settings saving time and effort.</div><div>PROSPERO – registration number (CRD42024537255).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of autophagy and apoptosis during orthodontic tooth movement alveolar bone remodeling in rats with varied periodontal conditions","authors":"Yidan Zhang,&nbsp;Bowen Xu,&nbsp;Chuhan Peng,&nbsp;Linna Bai,&nbsp;Kai Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Orthodontic treatment in periodontitis patients is challenging due to unpredictable bone remodeling and tissue damage. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of orthodontic force on periodontal ligament cell autophagy, apoptosis, and bone remodeling under various inflammatory states using a rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Seventy-five male Sprague – Dawley rats were used to establish OTM models for the periodontal health, active periodontitis, and stable periodontitis groups. Orthodontic force was applied at twelve weeks of age, with rats euthanized on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 after force application. Microcomputed tomography quantified the OTM distance, alveolar bone crest resorption, and trabecular bone microarchitecture parameters. Immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining evaluated the expression levels of inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, osteogenesis, and osteoclast numbers in the periodontal ligament.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The active periodontitis group exhibited the greatest OTM distance, alveolar bone resorption, and osteoclast activity, along with consistently high inflammatory factor expression. In this group, autophagy-related proteins increased on the tension side but decreased on the compression side, while apoptotic protein expression significantly rose. Osteokine levels were low, with an earlier peak decline observed in the active periodontitis group. The periodontal health group maintained high osteogenic activity, and the stable periodontitis group fell in between the two.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The inflammatory microenvironment in active periodontitis interacts with orthodontic force to disrupt the protective autophagy-apoptosis balance, coinciding with increased tissue destruction. Healthy, stable periodontium shows adaptive remodeling, emphasizing the importance of controlling inflammation before orthodontic treatment. This animal experimental procedure complies with the ARRIVE guidelines, and this research was approved by the Animal Ethics and Welfare Committee of the School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University (N^o̊ KQYY-202207-005).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of varying thicknesses and temperature changes on shape memory behaviour in 3D DPA versus thermoformed clear aligner materials: An in vitro study","authors":"Venkata Durga Mahendra Tivanani,&nbsp;Swetha Reddy Dalli,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Varma Datla,&nbsp;Anoosha Manda,&nbsp;Sai Keerthi Velagala,&nbsp;Padma Priya Cv","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The present study evaluated the shape memory behaviour of TA-28 compared to PET-G at different thicknesses and temperatures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two materials were tested: thermoformed CA Pro (PET-G) and 3D-printed TA-28 (Graphy, Korea), in 0.5<!--> <!-->mm and 0.75<!--> <!-->mm thicknesses. A total of 160 aligner strips were fabricated and tested for shape recovery at 30<!--> <!-->°C, 37<!--> <!-->°C, 40<!--> <!-->°C, and 80<!--> <!-->°C. Each strip was bent at 100<!--> <!-->°C and recovery was measured over 60<!--> <!-->minutes using a protractor-based template.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TA-28 exhibited significantly higher shape recovery than PET-G at all temperatures (<em>P</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->0.001). Recovery increased with temperature and was greatest for the 0.5<!--> <!-->mm TA-28 samples. At 37<!--> <!-->°C, TA-28 reached up to 60.7% recovery within 60<!--> <!-->minutes, while PET-G showed negligible change. Three-way ANOVA revealed significant interactions among material, thickness, and temperature (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.005).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TA-28 aligners demonstrate superior shape memory properties compared to PET-G, particularly at body temperature. TA-28 samples with 0.5<!--> <!-->mm thickness recovered faster and to a greater extent, offering more consistent force delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Directly 3D-printed TA-28 aligners may enhance treatment predictability, reduce patient discomfort, and provide sustained orthodontic force due to their temperature-responsive shape recovery. These findings support the use of smart materials in future orthodontic aligner design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of mechanical properties of in-house manufactured fully customized lingual brackets versus prefabricated brackets: An in vitro study","authors":"Pedro Graziani Olímpio Pereira ,&nbsp;Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira ,&nbsp;Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo ,&nbsp;Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ,&nbsp;Marcos Roberto de Freitas ,&nbsp;Daniela Garib ,&nbsp;Guilherme Janson","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This in vitro study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of fully customized lingual brackets (FCLBs) designed and manufactured in-house using open-source software with two commercially prefabricated lingual brackets.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The FCLBs were designed with Liberteeth 3D, a plug-in within the open-source software Blender 3D. The .stl files of the brackets were printed using a direct laser metal sintering machine. The comparison groups included prefabricated In-Ovation® L (IOL) and New STb™ brackets (STb). The sample included 24 lingual brackets, eight per group. The groups were compared in vitro regarding static and kinetic friction using a universal testing machine, and slot size and surface roughness were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and non-contact laser profilometry. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis and One-way Analysis of Variance tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No differences in static and kinetic friction were found. All tested brackets showed slight deviations in slot sizes compared to the manufacturer's prescription. IOL brackets demonstrated a significantly smaller slot size in both height (MD: −32.17; CI: −56.66, −19.71; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001) and width (MD: −137.31; CI: −188.46, −105.17; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) compared with STb brackets. The FCLBs presented significantly greater surface slot roughness compared with the In-Ovation® (MD: −0.41; CI: −0.49, −0.34; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) and New STb™ (MD: −0.39; CI: −0.47, −0.32; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) brackets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The design and manufacture of FCLBs using open-source software is feasible. However, the sintering and surface polishing processes require improvement to achieve optimal clinical outcomes in a future clinical perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}