International Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Ex vivo evaluation of the antimicrobial properties, physical and mechanical characteristics, and cytotoxicity of orthodontic cement containing silibinin against Streptococcus mutans biofilm","authors":"Sara Saeid Parizi ,&nbsp;Rashin Bahrami ,&nbsp;Maryam Pourhajibagher ,&nbsp;Abbas Bahador","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>White spot lesions are common complications around orthodontic brackets, caused by <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of orthodontic light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) containing silibinin against <em>S.</em> <em>mutans</em> biofilm. Secondary objectives included assessing the physicomechanical properties (such as shear bond strength and fluoride release) and the cytotoxicity of the modified RMGIC.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The liquid component of the RMGIC was combined with varying concentrations of silibinin (0%, 1%, 2%, and 5%). The antimicrobial effect was assessed using the biofilm inhibition test, measuring colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Shear bond strength (SBS) was determined using a universal testing machine, while adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Fluoride release was measured at 1, 7, 15, and 30 days using the pH/ion meter. Cytotoxicity was assessed using an indirect MTT assay on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The lowest bacterial colony count was observed in the chlorhexidine group (2.50<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.60<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->10⁵ CFU/mL; CI:95%), followed by the RMGIC containing 5% silibinin (2.87<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.11<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->10⁶ CFU/mL; CI:95%). Although the addition of silibinin at different concentrations reduced the SBS in a dose-dependent manner, there were no significant differences between the SBS of composite resin – the gold standard adhesive for bracket bonding – and that of RMGIC containing silibinin at any concentration (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.70). The most common ARI scores in all groups were 1 and 2, and cohesive failure was the predominant mode of failure. The incorporation of silibinin into RMGIC did not alter the fluoride release pattern, and none of the silibinin concentrations exhibited cytotoxic effects on HGF cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>RMGIC containing 5% silibinin effectively reduced <em>S.</em> <em>mutans</em> biofilm around orthodontic brackets without adversely affecting its physical-mechanical properties and showed no toxicity to HGF cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of palatal vault changes after unilateral posterior crossbite correction with quad helix or rapid maxillary expansion: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up","authors":"Stina Hansson ,&nbsp;Rune Lindsten ,&nbsp;Eva Josefsson ,&nbsp;Leja Birk ,&nbsp;Maja Ovsenik ,&nbsp;Sofia Petrén ,&nbsp;Anders Magnuson ,&nbsp;Farhan Bazargani","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare the effects of quad helix (QH) anchored on permanent molars versus rapid maxillary expansion (RME) anchored on deciduous teeth on palatal morphology in early mixed dentition patients.</div></div><div><h3>Trial design</h3><div>A two-arm randomized controlled trial, together with a non-randomized normal bite data for comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-one patients (mean age: QH<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->9.3<!--> <!-->years; RME<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->9.4<!--> <!-->years) with unilateral posterior crossbite were analysed. The QH group (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->36) and RME group (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->35) were evaluated at baseline (T0), post-retention (T2), and one-year post-treatment (T3). A third age- and sex-matched control group (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->22; mean age<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->9.1<!--> <!-->years) served as a normative reference. Evaluated outcomes were 3D palatal measurements, as well as treatment success rate and total treatment duration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both treatment groups showed significant increases in palatal surface area, projection plane area, and volume from T0 to T3. The RME group experienced a greater increase in palatal surface area (7.0%) compared to the QH group (4.2%) over the same period (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.045). Palatal volume increased notably more in the RME group during active treatment (T0–T2), with an 11.2% gain versus 6.8% in the QH group (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.046). By T3, palatal vault dimensions had normalized in both groups compared to the control group. The RME group completed treatment 97<!--> <!-->days earlier than the QH group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Treatment with either QH or RME resulted in normalized palatal vaults compared to the control group. RME had a significantly shorter treatment time but achieved similar success in correcting posterior crossbite as QH.</div><div>This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID <span><span>NCT04458506</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) and Researchweb.org (project number 260581).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145967495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing colour stability of direct printed and thermoformed aligners: An in vitro study on aesthetics longevity","authors":"Bhavani Priya Perumalla,&nbsp;Pradeep Kandikatla,&nbsp;Arun Bhupathi,&nbsp;Anoosha Manda,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Varma,&nbsp;Hari Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate and compare the colour stability of direct-printed and thermoformed clear aligners after exposure to common staining agents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clear aligners fabricated using two direct-printed resins, TC85 and TA28 (Graphy Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea), and one thermoformed aligner, Erkodur (Erkodent, Germany), were tested for colour stability in coffee, curcumin, and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, with distilled water as control. A total of 132 specimens (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->11 per group) were immersed in the respective solutions at 37<!--> <!-->°C for 7 days. Colour variation (ΔE*) was measured using a spectrophotometer, while molecular and surface changes were analysed using attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thermoformed aligners demonstrated significantly greater colour stability (ΔE*<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.56; 95% CI: 2.27–2.85; <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), smoother surface morphology, and superior chemical integrity compared to direct-printed aligners — TC85 (ΔE*<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->9.82; 95% CI: 9.53–10.11) and TA28 (ΔE*<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3.59; 95% CI: 3.30–3.88).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Direct-printed aligners exhibited inferior optical and surface properties, influenced by material composition and printing technology. PETG-based thermoformed aligners showed enhanced colour and structural stability, suggesting superior long-term aesthetics performance.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>Discolouration and increased surface roughness in clear aligners can compromise aesthetics, patient compliance, and biomechanical efficiency, underscoring the importance of material selection in aesthetics orthodontic therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined use of miniscrews, facemask and clear aligner appliances for the treatment of an 11-year-old girl with unilateral posterior scissor bite and skeletal class III malocclusion: A case report","authors":"Yusi Ye,&nbsp;Congman Xie,&nbsp;Lina Bao,&nbsp;Hongzhen Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article illustrates the successful treatment of scissor bite correction using facemask, clear aligner appliances and miniscrew anchorage. An 11- and 3-month-old girl presented with crossbite as the main complaint. The patient was diagnosed with an Angle Class III malocclusion with severe unilateral scissor bite. An Anglebutton™ on the clear aligner appliance and a facemask were used to protract the maxilla during the first set of aligner treatments. Miniscrews were inserted into the posterior region to correct the scissor bite and to intrude posterior teeth, in combination with aligners and occlusal pads on the healthy occlusion side. Because of the attachments on the occlusal surface and the bite-plane effect of aligners, the scissor bite was unlocked and corrected effectively within a short time. The total active treatment period was 17 months. The treatment suggested that the combined use of miniscrew anchorage, clear aligner appliances, and facemask (FM) increased the efficiency of skeletal class III malocclusion with severe unilateral scissor bite correction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101091"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating conventional 2D IMPA against 3D one: is it still a trustworthy angle? A retrospective CBCT-based diagnostic agreement study","authors":"Marco Serafin ,&nbsp;Elisa Boccalari ,&nbsp;Luca Fracci ,&nbsp;Alberto Caprioglio","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2026.101142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2026.101142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study tested whether conventional 2D incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) can be used interchangeably with a rigorously defined 3D one.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This single-centre retrospective study included 169 CBCT scans. Synthetic lateral cephalograms were generated from DICOM data to calculate the conventional 2D IMPA between the Go–Me mandibular plane and the lower central incisor long axis. The 3D IMPA used the axes of teeth 3.1 and 4.1 projected three-dimensionally to the orthogonal plane to GoL-GoR-Me and the higher angle was selected. Normality of paired differences was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Systematic bias was evaluated with a paired <em>t</em>-test. Association between 2D and 3D IMPA was assessed using Pearson's correlation and linear regression. Agreement was quantified by Bland-Altman analysis. Classification agreement within the 85–95° range was evaluated using Cohen's kappa and McNemar's test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean 2D and 3D IMPA were 95.29<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->8.98° and 95.75<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->9.42°, respectively, with a mean paired 3D-2D difference of 0.46° (paired <em>t</em>-test, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.084). Correlation was strong (r<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.931), and linear regression yielded R² <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.867. Bland-Altman bias was 0.46° (95%LoA −6.29° to +7.21°). Classification agreement across the 85–95° range was 83.43% (κ<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.636; McNemar <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.345).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>2D and 3D IMPA showed negligible mean bias, excellent association, and substantial diagnostic concordance. Routine cases may rely on 2D IMPA without material loss of information, whereas in torque-critical, anatomically constrained, or borderline cases the observed ±7° dispersion argues for 3D assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of a skeletal Class II malocclusion growing patient using clear aligners with solid occlusal blocks: A case report","authors":"Yuchen Liu ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhao ,&nbsp;Nannan Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhou ,&nbsp;Hong He ,&nbsp;Carlos Flores-Mir ,&nbsp;Fang Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2026.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2026.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report describes a two-phase orthodontic treatment of an 11-year-old adolescent patient with a Class II malocclusion. Before orthodontic treatment, the patient exhibited adenoid hypertrophy, mouth breathing, and snoring. He was referred to an otolaryngologist and diagnosed with paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (PedOSA), which was treated with tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Thereafter, given that the patient was at the pubertal growth peak and preferred aesthetic appliances, clear aligner functional therapy was selected for orthodontic treatment. During the first phase (mandibular advancement), deep overjet and Class II molar relationship were improved using clear aligners with solid occlusal blocks, resulting in significant improvement in the patient's facial profile. In the second phase (comprehensive orthodontics), alignment and levelling of the dentition were performed. After approximately three years of treatment, all treatment objectives were achieved. This case suggests that CA with solid occlusal blocks, as a novel option, can be used for growing Class II malocclusion patients. The improvement in the facial profile appeared to result from a combination of minor skeletal changes and significant dentoalveolar compensation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of a magnetic treatment system combined with miniscrews and a conventional NiTi spring for tooth movement and bone formation: A Beagle model study","authors":"Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Si Liu ,&nbsp;Jiyan Wang ,&nbsp;Guangning Long ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Ouyang ,&nbsp;Jun Guo ,&nbsp;Fen Liu ,&nbsp;Jianyong Wu ,&nbsp;Fei Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Magnetic Treatment System Combined with Miniscrews (MTSCM) is a novel orthodontic appliance designed to deliver continuous and stable forces for tooth movement while enhancing alveolar bone remodelling. This study evaluated the efficacy and biological effects of MTSCM compared with conventional NiTi spring in a Beagle dog model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve Beagle dogs underwent extraction of the mandibular first and second premolars and truncation of the ipsilateral maxillary canine crowns. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: MTSCM group (M group), conventional NiTi spring group (N group), and control group. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before and after force application to assess tooth movement. Bone remodelling was evaluated by tetracycline double fluorescence labelling, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MTSCM generated stable forces ranging from 60 to 160<!--> <!-->g. Both M and N groups showed significant reductions in the distance between the mandibular third premolar and canine compared to the control group (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), with greater displacement and less inclination in the M group. Bone mineral deposition rates and osteoblast counts were significantly higher in the M group than in the N group (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), indicating enhanced bone formation. Osteoclast counts were also elevated in both experimental groups, with the M group showing more TRAP-positive cells than the N group (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.01), suggesting intensified bone remodelling under magnetic stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MTSCM promotes efficient, controlled tooth movement and enhances bone remodelling, suggesting promising clinical applications in orthodontic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of presurgical infant orthopedics by the rhinoplasty appliance system with intraoral alveolar molding appliance in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate: A preliminary study","authors":"Martha Mejia ,&nbsp;Puneet Batra ,&nbsp;Monica Dominguez ,&nbsp;María del Rosario Montoya ,&nbsp;Dhruv Ahuja ,&nbsp;Silvia Z. Torres Cavallo ,&nbsp;Adriana Reyes ,&nbsp;Aditya Talwar","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2026.101141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2026.101141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness of the Rhinoplasty Appliance System (RAS) in improving alveolar arch morphology and nasolabial morphology in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) before primary lip repair.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A multicentre prospective study was conducted on 20 non-syndromic infants with complete BCLP. Presurgical infant orthopaedics (PSIO) using RAS therapy was initiated within the first three-weeks of life and continued until primary cheiloplasty. Digital maxillary models and standardized extraoral photographs were obtained before and after the PSIO treatment. Study model analyses evaluated three-dimensional maxillary arch morphology, while extraoral photographs evaluated nasolabial parameters, including nostril width, columella height, prolabium height, nasal tip angle, and nasolabial angle. Reliability was tested using repeated measures, and descriptive statistics and paired <em>t</em>-tests were applied, with significance set at <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant improvements were observed in both arch morphology and nasolabial parameters following RAS therapy. Arch changes included reductions in cleft width and improvements in premaxillary alignment (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), while nasolabial improvements included reduced nasal tip angle (−7.46°, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), increased nasolabial angle (+23.39°, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), narrower nostril width (−5.84<!--> <!-->mm, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), and greater columella and prolabium height (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In infants with BCLP, RAS therapy improved maxillary arch morphology and nasolabial parameters. RAS may offer a controlled and reproducible PSIO approach, enhancing premaxillary positioning, nasal symmetry, and readiness for lip repair while potentially reducing caregiver burden and in-person visits. Adoption of this technique in clinical practice may facilitate standardized early nasal and maxillary correction, improving surgical outcomes. Well-designed, randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up are warranted to confirm these outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-treatment aesthetic outcomes in palatally displaced canines exposed by open versus closed surgical technique: A prospective cohort study and a survey","authors":"Margitha Björksved ,&nbsp;Bei Yang ,&nbsp;Lars Hjalmarsson ,&nbsp;Rune Lindsten ,&nbsp;Anders Magnusson ,&nbsp;Farhan Bazargani","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The multidisciplinary treatment of palatally displaced canines (PDCs) involves choosing between open and closed surgical exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To compare post-treatment aesthetic outcomes between PDC exposed by open and by closed surgical exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A digital survey was distributed to two respondent groups — orthodontists and laypeople — to evaluate PDC post-treatment appearance outcomes. The survey featured 62 series of three intra-oral post-treatment images taken at debonding and four years later, with 31 PDC cases per surgical exposure group. Patients were on average 13 years old at time of surgical exposure and were part of a multicentre RCT comparing clinical outcomes between the two exposure techniques. Both surgical exposure methods involved mucoperiosteal flaps and bone removal above the PDCs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The respondent groups’ ability to identify surgically exposed canines, as well as the ratings of “unexposed looking better than exposed canine,” achieved proportions below chance. Orthodontists demonstrated better identification ability than laypeople (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.013), with higher odds of correctly identifying exposed canines, odds ratio (OR) of 3.2 (95% CI 1.5–7.1, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.003) and rating “better-looking unexposed contralateral canines” in open exposure compared to closed exposure technique, OR of 4.3 (95% CI 1.8–10.2, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results support free preference in choosing surgical exposure methods, indicating that aesthetic factors are not the main consideration in clinical practice. However, orthodontists found the PDCs treated with the closed technique more appealing.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>Researchweb.org, ID: 278893.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of unerupted canine and premolars width using artificial intelligence compared with Tanaka–Johnston and Moyers methods: A retrospective observational analytical study on Iranian population","authors":"Majid Mahmoudzadeh ,&nbsp;Shabnam Yousefi ,&nbsp;Maryam Farhadian ,&nbsp;Ali Ashkan","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Accurate prediction of unerupted teeth widths significantly contributes to formulating optimal treatment plan during mixed dentition phase. The ability of artificial intelligence to identify hidden patterns and both linear and non-linear relationships can be particularly advantageous in this context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective observational study, pre-treatment dental casts of 336 orthodontic patients were scanned using a 3D scanner. The mesiodistal dimensions of each tooth were measured digitally, and the values for the left and right sides were averaged. These measurements, along with the patients’ sex, were then used to train machine learning and regression models with various architectures. The dimensions of teeth #1, #2, #6 and a binary value representing patients’ sex were used as input features to predict the sum of widths of teeth #3, #4, and #5 during the model training phase. The performance of the model was evaluated by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE) between the predicted values and the actual measurements obtained from the casts. Model performance was compared with Tanaka–Johnston equation and Moyers prediction tables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the tested models, the Support Vector Machine showed the highest accuracy in predicting lower arch tooth sizes, achieving a MAE of 0.65<!--> <!-->mm and Standard Deviation (SD) of 0.82<!--> <!-->mm. For the upper arch, the Linear Regression model performed best with a MAE of 0.64<!--> <!-->mm and a SD of 0.80<!--> <!-->mm.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate that machine learning-based regression techniques offer superior accuracy in predicting the dimensions of unerupted teeth compared to traditional methods, making them a valuable tool for treatment planning in mixed dentition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}