International Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity, bacterial adhesion, and surface morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle-coated orthodontic elastomeric ligatures: An in vitro study","authors":"Saleh M. Baqandwan ,&nbsp;Nehal F. Albelasy ,&nbsp;Waleed Eldars ,&nbsp;Marwa A. Tawfik","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2026.101144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2026.101144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, bacterial adhesion, and surface morphology of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures coated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) at different concentrations over 4 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>TiO₂ NPs were synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis and applied at 5% and 10% on elastomeric ligatures (Ormco®) using a sol-gel dip-coating method. In all, 720 ligatures were divided into control (uncoated), 5%, and 10% TiO₂ NPs groups. The primary objectives were to assess antimicrobial activity against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> via agar diffusion immediately after coating and after 48 hours, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks of immersion in artificial saliva at 37<!--> <!-->°C, and to quantify bacterial adhesion as CFU. The secondary objectives included evaluation of surface morphology and roughness using SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both TiO₂ NP coated groups showed significantly higher antibacterial activity and lower bacterial adhesion than controls (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). In the 10% group, inhibition zones decreased by 6.8<!--> <!-->mm (95% CI: 4.9–8.7) at 48 hours, 10.6<!--> <!-->mm (95% CI: 8.7–12.5) at 2 weeks, and 24.7<!--> <!-->mm (95% CI: 22.8–26.6) at 4 weeks; 5% group showed smaller reductions (8.3<!--> <!-->mm, 13.9<!--> <!-->mm, 21.5<!--> <!-->mm). Bacterial adhesion declined by 9933 CFU (95% CI: 9113–10,754) for 10% and 6477 CFU (95% CI: 5656–7297) for 5%. The 10% coating consistently had the strongest antibacterial effect and lowest CFUs, though efficacy decreased over time. SEM revealed increased surface roughness, especially in the 10% group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TiO₂ NPs coatings, particularly at 10%, enhance short-term antibacterial properties of orthodontic ligatures. However, the antimicrobial benefits decrease over time due to coating degradation and exposure to saliva. Higher nanoparticle concentrations increase surface roughness, which may affect long-term biofilm resistance. Optimizing nanoparticle dispersion and coating durability is essential for sustained clinical effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of pre-treatment diagnostic characteristics in patients with borderline bimaxillary protrusion: A pilot comparison of bi-jaw distalization versus premolar extraction","authors":"Rajaganesh Gautam ,&nbsp;Dhruv Ahuja ,&nbsp;Siddarth Shetty ,&nbsp;M. Varadraj Ashith ,&nbsp;Puneet Batra ,&nbsp;G. Chandhini ,&nbsp;Anshu Khera ,&nbsp;Prasanna Mithra ,&nbsp;Nandita Shenoy","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with bimaxillary protrusion often seek orthodontic treatment to improve facial aesthetics. Treatment planning is complex and may involve premolar extractions or bi-jaw distalization using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and third molar extractions. Choice of modality is partly subjective, particularly in borderline cases.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess pre-treatment arch forms, dentoskeletal, and soft-tissue characteristics for guiding treatment selection between bi-jaw distalization and premolar extraction in borderline bimaxillary protrusion. The secondary objective was to compare these characteristics between the two treatment groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This retrospective pilot study included all patient records meeting inclusion criteria from January 2022 to December 2024. A total of 26 patients with borderline bimaxillary protrusion were analysed and categorized into two groups: bimaxillary distalization (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->13) and premolar extraction (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->13). Pre-treatment CBCT-derived digital models were used for 3D polynomial arch-form analysis, alongside cephalometric assessment. Groups were compared using chi-square tests for categorical data and Student's t-tests for continuous variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 26 patients (9 males, 17 females; mean age 20.81<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.72<!--> <!-->years), square arch forms were more frequent in the bi-jaw distalization group (61.5%; 95% CI: 35.5–82.3). Cephalometric parameters did not differ significantly between groups (<em>P</em> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->0.05). Measurement reliability was high (ICC: 0.76–0.81).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Within this pilot retrospective study, arch form morphology was associated with treatment choice. Evaluating arch form alongside dento-skeletal and soft-tissue features may aid personalized planning for borderline bimaxillary protrusion. These observations are descriptive and non-causal; larger prospective studies are needed to validate pre-treatment arch forms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower incisors decompensation by torque auxiliary spring for an adult high-angle Class III extraction camouflage with preadjusted lingual appliance: A case report","authors":"Enrico Albertini,&nbsp;Paolo Albertini,&nbsp;Anna Colonna,&nbsp;Luca Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report describes a complex Class III high-angle case in an adult patient treated with preadjusted lingual appliance and premolar extractions. With the twofold aim of obtaining aesthetic improvement and ideal occlusal relationship, accurate set-up planification and linear biomechanical strategies, including lower incisors torque control, are needed to achieve the planned results. An auxiliary torque spring was inserted in order to obtain lower central incisors decompensation, for better occlusal and periodontal outcome. This case report demonstrates the possibility of solving successfully Class III malocclusion in adult patient by means of a completely invisible technique, with an orthodontic camouflage treatment by an ideal control of lower incisors torque, improving at the same time the patient facial aesthetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between maxillary atresia and mandibular deviation in young adults: A retrospective CBCT study","authors":"Talia Vanesa Carrasco Cisneros ,&nbsp;Marjory Elizabeth Vaca Zapata ,&nbsp;Mauricio Aguirre Balseca ,&nbsp;Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ,&nbsp;Eduardo Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the relationship between maxillary atresia and mandibular deviation in young adults using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using 208 CBCT scans from 2022 to 2025, of which 85 met the inclusion criteria: 65 with maxillary atresia and 20 controls without maxillary atresia, matched for age and sex distribution. Maxillary atresia was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania transverse analysis, while mandibular deviation was measured as the displacement of the menton relative to the craniofacial midline. Additional assessments included occlusal relationships and craniometric evaluation of mandibular body, ramus, and condylar height. Data reliability was confirmed with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.90). Non-parametric tests (chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation) were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mandibular deviation<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->2<!--> <!-->mm was observed in 84.62% of patients with maxillary atresia (mean 3.52<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.73<!--> <!-->mm) compared to 30% of controls (mean 1.92<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.79<!--> <!-->mm), with a significant difference. Patients with atresia also showed greater variability in deviation severity and a predominance of left-side deviation (58.91%). Unilateral crossbite was significantly associated with greater mandibular deviation and maxillary constriction. Comparisons of skeletal dimensions revealed that condylar and ramus asymmetries were more pronounced in the atresia group than in controls. However, the correlation between the degree of maxillary constriction and mandibular deviation was weak and not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maxillary atresia was strongly associated with the presence of mandibular deviation, occlusal asymmetry, and vertical skeletal imbalance, although the magnitude of constriction did not directly predict the degree of deviation. These findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of maxillary atresia to reduce the risk of mandibular asymmetry and associated skeletal discrepancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145419321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the effectiveness of lower canine retraction: A FEM comparison of different attachment systems with no attachments in clear aligners","authors":"Muskan Chanduka,&nbsp;Srirengalakshmi Muthuswamy Pandian,&nbsp;Aravind Kumar Subramanian,&nbsp;Nikhillesh Vaiid","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study is to assess the biomechanical efficacy of different attachment systems in facilitating the lower canine retraction using clear aligners by means of a finite element method (FEM) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A FEM was developed by utilizing intraoral scan data and CBCT data from an 18-year-old female with ideal occlusion. Four experimental groups were assessed: group 1 (unattached), group 2 (single vertical rectangular attachment), group 3 (double vertical rectangular attachments), and group 4 (optimized quarter-ellipsoid attachments). The study evaluated the stress distribution, plastic deformation and displacement of the crown and root during simulated canine retraction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Highest bodily translation (85–90%) was observed with optimized attachments (group 4) attaining nearly equal crown and root displacement. Tipping was observed in group 1, less of bodily movement was seen (60–65%) compared to group 2, which demonstrated better physiological translation (70–75%), while group 3 further enhanced efficiency to 75–80%. Group 4 exhibited the most uniform stress distribution, and plastic deformation was minimal (0.01<!--> <!-->mm), suggesting superior force application and aligner stability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The efficiency of canine retraction was considerably improved by optimized quarter-ellipsoid attachments, which resulted in minimal stress concentration and deformation. These findings substantiate the use of optimized attachments to improve the results of clear aligner treatment. Further clinical research is advised to verify these findings and investigate alternative attachment designs and materials to optimize aligner therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of smart retainers for orthodontic retention: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ashish Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Dhruv Ahuja ,&nbsp;Puneet Batra ,&nbsp;Yeshtha Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Soumya Shekhar","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness of smart retainers in enhancing patient compliance during the retention phase of orthodontic treatment through objective measurement and behavioural feedback mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and the Cochrane Library identified studies from the past 20 years. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and observational designs assessing smart retainers with integrated sensors. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the ROB-2 and JBI tool. Certainty of evidence for key outcomes (wear-time, relapse, periodontal indices) was assessed using the GRADE framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen studies evaluated smart systems including TheraMon®, Smart Retainer®, DentiTrac®, and Air Aid®. TheraMon® demonstrated the highest tracking accuracy and ease of integration. Short-term compliance improved when patients were aware of monitoring, whereas reminder systems showed mixed effectiveness. Meta-analysis of eight studies (439 participants) showed no statistically significant improvement in wear-time (SMD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.21, 95% CI −0.39 to 0.81; MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.49<!--> <!-->h/day, 95% CI −0.61 to 1.59; I² <!-->=<!--> <!-->85–88%). Meta-regression indicated no significant association between study-level average wear-time and effect size (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.337). Leave-one-out analysis confirmed robustness. One study linked extended wear-time to reduced relapse.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Smart retainers enhance objective wear-time monitoring, but current evidence does not confirm consistent compliance improvement. Some systems appear accurate and clinically feasible; however, pooled results are non-significant and heterogeneous. Benefits should be considered uncertain, and further well-designed, long-term RCTs are needed to establish their impact on relapse prevention and treatment stability.</div></div><div><h3>Prospero registration</h3><div>CRD420251029140.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of biocorrosion by sulfate-reducing bacteria in extra-alveolar mini-implants installed in ex vivo human mandibles and exposed to the oral consortium of Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis: Microbiological, morphological, and mass loss analysis","authors":"Camilla Andrade de Souza Nascimento Romão ,&nbsp;Caren Leite Spindola Vilela ,&nbsp;Andrea Fagundes Campello ,&nbsp;Walter Barreiro Cravo Junior ,&nbsp;Fabiano Luiz Heggendorn","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to characterize the biocorrosive capacity of <em>Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis</em> oral in a consortium on the surface of Extra-alveolar mini-implants (EAMI) implanted in <em>ex vivo</em> human mandibles.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Nine extra-alveolar mini-implants (EAMI) were installed in <em>ex vivo</em> human mandibles. The EAMI were subjected to biocorrosion testing, immersed in artificial saliva, with an inoculum of <em>D. fairfieldensis</em> oral in consortium for 99 days. After this period, the cellular concentrations of the EAMI were determined through Most Probable Number (MPN) and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), in addition to analysis by scanning electron microscopy and epifluorescence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The qPCR showed a reduction in the bacterial load from 1.70<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->10⁷ to 1.90<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->10⁴ cells/mL, while MPN indicated that the number of culturable cells was greater than 2.4<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->10⁴ cells/mL. Biofilms associated with EAMI exposed to Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) exhibited a low cell density (4–7.5<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->10¹ cells/cm²). Despite the formation of biofilms on exposed surfaces, no corrosion pits were observed. Corrosion rates were not significantly lower in EAMI exposed to SRB (0.0003418<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.0025805<!--> <!-->mm/year) compared to controls (0.011621<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.0176811<!--> <!-->mm/year; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.200).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The <em>D. fairfieldensis</em> oral consortium is capable of adhering to the metallic titanium surface of the EAMI, forming biofilms in areas exposed to the external environment and at the interface between the anchorage, bone, and threads of the EAMI. However, the titanium composition of the EAMI results in a low and non-significant corrosion rate, with no corrosion pits observed in these areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145865789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of optical property changes in direct printed aligners using two resins: An in vivo investigation","authors":"Subashree Rohinikumar,&nbsp;Shanthini Priya Arumugam,&nbsp;Balaji Krishnan,&nbsp;TM Parameswaran,&nbsp;Krishnakumar Mahalakshmi,&nbsp;Aswini Soundharya Sekar","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Understanding the behaviour of different printable resins under clinical simulation is essential for optimal material selection. The study aims to evaluate and compare the optical behaviour of aligners printed using directed printed resins, TA 28 and TC 85.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Study consisted of two groups Group 1 – aligners printed using TC 85 and Group 2 – aligners printed using TA 28 resin. Aligners were designed using Direct Aligner Designer (DAD) software and fabricated with a uniform 0.5<!--> <!-->mm thickness. Patients with Class I molar relationships, mild crowding, minimal rotation, and no history of periodontal disease were included in this study. Maxillary intraoral scans were performed using the Aoralscan 3 scanner. Aligners were printed using TA-28 and TC-85 resins and post-cured for 24<!--> <!-->minutes with the Tera Harz Cure THC unit (405<!--> <!-->nm UV LED). Aligners were air-dried and patients were instructed to wear the aligner for 14<!--> <!-->days for 20–22<!--> <!-->hrs. Control (unused) samples were fabricated alongside for comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Shapiro–Wilk test confirmed normal data distribution; thus, paired and independent <em>t</em>-tests were applied. Intragroup comparisons showed statistically significant changes (p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) in all colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) after 14<!--> <!-->days of wear in both groups. Intergroup analysis revealed no significant difference in L* values for unused (p<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.07) or used aligners (p<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.89). However, a* and b* values differed significantly between the groups (p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). The mean colour difference (ΔE) between groups was not statistically significant in either condition (p<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.592).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Aligners printed with TC-85 and TA-28 resins exhibited clinically acceptable colour stability after intraoral use, with ΔE values within aesthetic thresholds. TA-28 showed slightly greater colour change, which may reflect differences in material composition and could inform clinical material selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo 3D apical displacement of mandibular incisors and canines within the symphyseal region: A CBCT-based linear measurement technique (mm) — Validation study in five patients","authors":"Gaston Federico Coutsiers Morell,&nbsp;Kevin Chen,&nbsp;Carlos Flores-Mir","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study is to develop and validate a technique that orthodontic clinicians and researchers could use to measure lower anterior teeth apical displacement through CBCT reconstructions.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This is an in vivo study in which lower incisors, canines, and symphyses of five randomly selected patients were three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed through an automatic segmentation with a manual refinement process. All the images were generated from 0.3<!--> <!-->mm voxel size cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. A 3D coordinate system based on CBCT segmentation and landmarks allowed a spatial localization of the apices and quantification of their displacement during orthodontic treatment. The primary outcomes were the intra- and inter-reliabilities and the respective measurement errors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall results showcased good to excellent reliability for both intra- and inter-rater reliability analyses (9.91% and 7.33% measurement errors respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The proposed technique could be used for 3D measurements of the apical displacement of lower anterior teeth during orthodontic treatment. The identified measurement error of less than 10% is not clinically relevant in most orthodontic situations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145573975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of universal adhesives for orthodontic bonding to enamel and restorative materials: A systematic review","authors":"Claire-Adeline Dantagnan ,&nbsp;Maureen Boudrot ,&nbsp;Julia Bosco ,&nbsp;Gauthier Dot ,&nbsp;Ali Nassif ,&nbsp;Philippe François ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Attal","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Universal adhesives (UAs), introduced in 2011, are well established in restorative dentistry but remain relatively unexplored in orthodontics, where their capacity to bond to enamel and multiple restorative materials could simplify bonding protocols and reduce the need for primers. This systematic review evaluated the bond strength of UA for orthodontic applications — including bracket bonding, fixed retainers, and bonding to restorative surfaces — compared with conventional adhesives.</div></div><div><h3>Search methods</h3><div>Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, supplemented by Google Scholar and reference lists. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD420250654277). The search covered 2011 to 1 December 2024. Eligible studies were in vitro, in vivo, or clinical studies in English assessing UA for orthodontic bonding. Exclusion criteria were case reports, reviews, abstracts, theses, and non-orthodontic applications. Risk of bias was assessed with QUIN tool (in vitro) and RoB-2 (clinical).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 401 records, 323 remained after removing duplicates; 248 were excluded at title/abstract and 38 at full text, leaving 37 studies (36 in vitro; 1 with an in vitro and clinical component). Seven orthodontic applications were investigated. UA generally provided sufficient bond strength, except on some metal restorations. On enamel, phosphoric-acid etching for 15<!--> <!-->s improved adhesion. On ceramics, hydrofluoric acid etching (HF) or sandblasting enhanced performance. For polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and composite restorations, bur roughening or sandblasting improved results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>UAs may simplify orthodontic bonding across enamel and restorative surfaces without separate primers, but more clinical studies are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}