International Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy of cephalometric landmark identification by artificial intelligence platform versus expert orthodontist in unilateral cleft palate patients: A retrospective study","authors":"Mostafa A. Tageldin,&nbsp;Yomna Mohamed Yacout,&nbsp;Farah Y. Eid,&nbsp;Sherief H. Abdelhafiz","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of automated artificial intelligence (AI) cephalometric landmark identification in cleft patients and compare it to landmarks identified by an expert orthodontist. The secondary objective was to compare cephalometric measurements obtained by both methods.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A total of 112 pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of unilateral cleft palate patients were collected from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University following screening of all the records of patients treated in the period January 2019–December 2022 for eligibility. For each of the acquired radiographs, cephalometric tracing was performed by fully automated WebCeph™ landmark detection process and by manual identification of the landmarks by an expert orthodontist using OnyxCeph™ software. The traced radiographs were then imported into Photoshop software for evaluation of the (x,y) coordinates, in mm, for each of the identified landmarks (Primary outcome). Moreover, linear and angular measurements generated using WebCeph™ and OnyxCeph™ software were compared (secondary outcomes).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The coordinates of A-point, ANS, and Or showed statistically significant differences between both identification methods, with a mean difference between the two methods ranging between –0.86<!--> <!-->mm<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.15 and 3.15<!--> <!-->mm<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->6.07. None of the dental landmarks showed statistically significant differences between the two methods. None of the soft tissue landmarks showed statistically significant differences, except Ns y-coordinate. Several points showed clinically significant differences between both methods. The greatest mean differences in cephalometric measurements between the two methods were reported in nasolabial angle CotgSnLs (18.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->22.77<!--> <!-->̊) followed by Max1-NA (–8.86<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->17.46<!--> <!-->̊) and Max1-SN (–8.43<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12.51<!--> <!-->̊).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The identification of cephalometric landmarks in cleft palate patients using the web-based AI platform is not as accurate as manual identification. Manual adjustment of landmarks following AI identification is advised.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe anterior open bite in a Class II hyperdivergent adult patient: A case report of clear aligner orthodontic camouflage treatment","authors":"Francesca Cremonini,&nbsp;Virginia Falconi,&nbsp;Lisa Carazzato,&nbsp;Mario Palone,&nbsp;Luca Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to describe the successful treatment of an anterior open bite in an adult Class II hyperdivergent patient. A 31-year-old female presented for orthodontic treatment, seeking an aesthetic solution to correct her anterior open bite and lower crowding to enhance her smile. As an initial step, all third molars were extracted to facilitate the forward rotation of the mandible and the initial closure of the open bite. Subsequently, clear aligner therapy (F22 aligners, Due Carrare, Italy) was initiated, with aligners changed every 15 days in combination with Class II elastics. Bite closure was achieved through programmed interproximal reduction (IPR) and the retroclination of anterior teeth. At the end of treatment, the open bite was successfully closed, a Class I relationship was obtained on the right side, and an edge-to-edge Class II relationship persisted on the left due to underlying skeletal asymmetry. Additionally, incisor exposure during smiling was improved. This clinical case demonstrates that clear aligners can effectively compensate a functional anterior open bite by promoting mandibular forward rotation and incisor retroclination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 3","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of post-curing parameters and material thickness on the color stability of 3D-printed dental resins: An in vitro study","authors":"Kübra Gülnur Topsakal ,&nbsp;Merve Aksoy ,&nbsp;Yağızalp Sükut ,&nbsp;Gökhan Serhat Duran","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the effect of variations in post-curing temperatures and times on the colour stability of 3D-printed resins used in orthodontics and paediatric dentistry applications and the effect of material thickness on colour properties was also examined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The two different disk samples (15.00<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->1.0<!--> <!-->mm, <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->90; 15.00<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->2.00, <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->90; diameter and height, respectively) were designed and printed from biocompatible resin with SLA technology. These samples were subjected to various post-curing temperatures and times (60<!--> <!-->̊C and 30<!--> <!-->min, 60<!--> <!-->̊C and 90<!--> <!-->min, 60<!--> <!-->̊C and 120<!--> <!-->min, 60<!--> <!-->̊C and 60<!--> <!-->min, 40<!--> <!-->̊C and 60<!--> <!-->min, 80<!--> <!-->̊C and 60<!--> <!-->min). The values of L*, a*, and b* of the 3D-printed resin samples were evaluated under D65 illumination conditions in the centre of the samples using a spectrophotometer. The same researcher recorded the average values after the measurements were performed three times for each sample.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicated significant differences in colour stability (L*, a*, b* values) among samples subjected to different post-curing conditions. Variations in post-curing time and temperature significantly affected the colour of the resins. The study found that certain post-curing conditions could lead to acceptable colour values that are similar to natural teeth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study concluded that the time and temperature of post-curing significantly affected the colour properties of 3D-printed clear resins used in orthodontic applications. It suggests that a 30-minute post-curing time can yield acceptable colour values, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate post-curing conditions based on clinical requirements. Additionally, an increase in material thickness was found to correlate with increased yellowness in the samples.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>The changes in post-curing temperature and time may impact colour properties. Clinicians should consider this situation when manufacturing with 3D printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgement to our Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1761-7227(25)00021-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1761-7227(25)00021-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multipurpose miniscrew-anchored palatal appliance combined with a fixed multibracket appliance to correct a Class II Division 2 malocclusion with maxillary constriction and impacted upper canine in a 13-year-old girl: A case report","authors":"Mario Palone ,&nbsp;Ilaria Gasperoni ,&nbsp;Francesca Cremonini ,&nbsp;Giuliano B Maino ,&nbsp;Emanuele Paoletto ,&nbsp;Mattia Pramstraller ,&nbsp;Luca Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report describes the successful non-extraction orthodontic treatment of a 13-year-old female patient affected by a Class II Division 2 malocclusion, maxillary constriction and a unilateral impacted maxillary canine. The miniscrew-assisted palatal expansion (MAPA) system was used for precise palatal miniscrew placement, achieving bicortical engagement. A hybrid T-Rex rapid palatal expander was then employed to achieve both skeletal expansion and molar distalization without requiring patient compliance. After that, tooth 2.3 was surgically exposed and orthodontically repositioned with a miniscrew-supported extrusion cantilever on a fixed vestibular appliance and piggyback mechanics. The orthodontic treatment was completed in a total of 31 months, yielding satisfactory intraoral results. Precise digital planning for palatal miniscrew insertion was instrumental in achieving bicortical anchorage, enabling the efficient use of a single multipurpose, miniscrew-supported palatal appliance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143347999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro comparison of the effects of direct attachment shape and location on forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners during simulated torque movement","authors":"Janine Magura ,&nbsp;Amin Akbari ,&nbsp;Megann Lear ,&nbsp;Alexandra Bojrab ,&nbsp;George Eckert ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;R. Scott Conley ,&nbsp;Hakan Turkkahraman","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of direct attachment shape and location on the forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners during simulated maxillary central incisor torque.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A total of 7 typodonts were digitally printed with different attachment design and locations. Five clear aligners were fabricated for each typodont and placed on an orthodontic force tester (OFT) with the maxillary central incisor rotated palatally 1° around the incisal edge. Forces and moments were measured 2 times by the load cells. Analysis of variance (Anova) was used to determine the effects of group, tooth, and the group-by-tooth interaction on the outcomes; A two-sided 5% significance level was used for all tests. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The two-way interactions between group and tooth were significant (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) for all outcomes except facial/palatal moment around the X axis (M_x) (<em>P</em> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->0.05). The horizontal ellipsoid attachment at the middle third generated the highest M_x (−25.74<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->8.93<!--> <!-->Nmm) with facial crown/palatal root, while the rectangular attachment at the middle third yielded the lowest Mx (3.31<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12.92<!--> <!-->Nmm).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Changing attachment shape and location had a significant effect on the forces and moments generated during simulated maxillary incisor torque. The best design for the incisor torque movement was found to be the horizontal ellipsoid attachment at the middle third. Besides the desired torque moment, all attachment shape and location combinations produced a vertical extrusive force as a side effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100982"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and reliability comparison between different intraoral scanning devices in patients with permanent dentition: A prospective clinical study","authors":"Heloísa Nelson Cavalcanti ,&nbsp;Vinícius Ribeiro de Almeida Lázaro ,&nbsp;Vinícius Merino da Silva ,&nbsp;Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira ,&nbsp;Guilherme Janson ,&nbsp;Daniela Garib ,&nbsp;José Fernando Castanha Henriques","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study primarily aimed to compare the accuracy and secondarily the reliability of different intraoral scanning (IOS) devices using intra- and interarch linear measurements of three-dimensional digital dental models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Digital dental models were divided into three groups based on their acquisition method: group T (GT) using the Trios® IOS, group P (GP) using the Panda® (IOS), and the control group (CG) consisting of plaster models digitized with the E3® desktop scanner. Two examiners measured the following variables using the OrthoAnalyzer® software: mesiodistal tooth width, clinical crown height, intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar distances, arch perimeter, arch length, overjet and overbite. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman test. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the analysis of variance (Anova) followed by Tukey tests (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample consisted of 25 volunteers (11 men, 14 women) with a mean age of 29.6<!--> <!-->years. Overall, the measurements of digital models obtained from the Trios®, Panda® and the E3® desktop scanner were comparable. For intermolar distance, the mean and standard deviation were as follows: GT (52.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.55), GP (52.6<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.56), and CG (52.1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.96) with <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.896 for the maxillary arch, and GT (45.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.87), GP (46.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.40), and CG (46.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.08), with <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.848 for the mandibular arch. No statistically significant differences were observed regarding this and other variables. Measurements showed good to excellent reliability for both Trios® and Panda® IOS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The three scanning devices Trios®, Panda® and E3® presented similar and adequate accuracy and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a 15-year-old patient: A digitally designed Herbst appliance combined with rapid maxillary expansion for transversal and sagittal correction","authors":"Alberto Barenghi ,&nbsp;Alessia Dell’Oro ,&nbsp;Matteo Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Andrea Scribante ,&nbsp;Hans Ulrik Paulsen ,&nbsp;Francesco Spadari ,&nbsp;Alberto Di Blasio","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most frequent systemic inflammatory disease involving temporomandibular joints in children. The reported prevalence of temporomandibular joint involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis varies from 17% to 87% depending on the population studied, the subtypes, and the method for diagnosis. A 15-year-old girl was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the Department of Orthodontics of Parma University, Italy, for the evaluation and treatment of a three-dimensional facial deformity secondary to mandibular hypoplasia. The treatment strategy involved the use of a digitally designed Herbst appliance to promote mandibular growth and address facial asymmetry, occlusal plane deviation, and dental malocclusion. This phase was followed by fixed orthodontic therapy to finalize dental alignment and ensure occlusal stability. At the conclusion of the treatment, the patient demonstrated substantial functional and aesthetic improvements, with stability maintained during a three-year follow-up period. This case underscores the efficacy of combining functional therapeutic protocols with advanced digital technologies in the multidisciplinary management of JIA-associated dentofacial anomalies, offering a less invasive alternative to surgical interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protraction of a second molar and a mesially-impacted third molar into the adjacent first-molar extraction site through mini-implant anchored Albert protraction loop with the aid of alveolar ridge augmentation","authors":"Xuechun Yuan,&nbsp;Hong Zhou,&nbsp;Lingling Pu,&nbsp;Qi Fan,&nbsp;Shangyou Wen,&nbsp;Wenli Lai,&nbsp;Hu Long","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protraction of a mandibular second molar to substitute the adjacent missing first molar is challenging in clinical practice. In this case report, we demonstrated a 21-year-old patient with an untreatable periapical lesion of the mandibular right first molar. The adjacent mandibular second molar had normal root length and the third molar was mesially-impacted. Two treatment alternatives were available: implant restoration of the first molar with poor prognosis or mesialization of the second and third molars to substitute the first and second molars. The patient finally chose the second treatment option. Ridge augmentation with bone grafting was performed to deal with alveolar atrophy at the first-molar extraction site. Molar protraction was accomplished with a novel protraction loop appliance (Albert loop) that was anchored onto an interradicular mini-implant. At the end of the treatment, excellent buccal interdigitations and good root parallelism were achieved. Molar protraction into the atrophic alveolar site can be efficiently accomplished through Albert protraction loop anchored on a mini-implant and ridge augmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the most effective method for reducing pain during debonding procedures? A systematic review","authors":"Bahaa Aldeen Jeha,&nbsp;Rania Haddad","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the most effective methods in controlling pain during debonding procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Electronic searches in published and unpublished studies were performed. Restricted to the English language and publication date up to 23/3/2024, the searches in published literature covered the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Tripe, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed Central. However, unpublished literature was searched at ClinicalTrials.gov, National Research Register, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Lists of all eligible studies were checked for further scrutiny. Risk of bias for randomized and non-randomized control trials was assessed using ROB2 and ROBINS Cochrane tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen RCTs and two non-RCTs were included. All the reviewed articles studied the pain during debonding events and included 886 patients aged between 12–65. They used different scales such as VAS, NRS, Wong–Baker faces, and others scales. Two studies have shown that the lift-off plier causes less pain than other pliers when comparing different types of dental instruments. However, when comparing different adjunctive techniques, two studies have found that using a wafer causes less pain, while two studies have reported no significant difference between methods and one study has found that using finger pressure causes less pain. In addition, three separate studies have found that utilizing an ultrasonic device, as well as a thermal device and laser radiation, can lead to lower pain scores. Furthermore, two studies have demonstrated that using medication has a positive impact on reducing pain.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>According to reported evidence, applying finger pressure is more effective in relieving pain in the anterior teeth, while wafer biting is more effective in the posterior teeth. Pain-relieving medications like paracetamol or ibuprofen can also effectively reduce debonding pain. Promising procedures, such as using diode or Er-YAG lasers, and thermal devices, may also be effective, but further studies are needed to confirm their efficacy. The protocol of this systematic review was registered with the PROSPERO International Database under ID number CRD42024529190. This review follows the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the instructions provided in the Cochrane Handbook.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}