International Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the presence of the premaxillary-maxillary suture in growing patients: A retrospective CBCT study","authors":"María Jesús Larrañaga ,&nbsp;Taly Lopez ,&nbsp;Agustina Maass ,&nbsp;María Paz Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Ingrid Arndt ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Villanueva ,&nbsp;Pamela Villalón","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The premaxillary-maxillary suture (PMS) is related to midface development, but its exact closure period remains undefined. Some authors consider the premaxilla as an independent bone with potential for orthopaedic stimulation, while others see it as a phylogenetic vestige.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the prevalence of the premaxillary-maxillary suture (PMS) in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of patients aged 6 to 16<!--> <!-->years, according to age and sex, treated at the Dental Clinic of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile's Oral Imaging Service between 2015 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>CBCT images from 511 subjects were analysed. The presence or absence of the PMS was evaluated in the oblique axial slice. Descriptive statistics of the sample were performed, followed by logistic regression models to assess the relationship between the presence of the PMS and age and sex variables, with a significance level of 5%.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the total sample (511 subjects), only 190 cases presented a visible PMS in CBCT images (37.18%), with 104 females and 86 males. When analysing the relationship with sex, no statistically significant association was found (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.090, OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.72). However, a statistically significant association with age was observed (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001, OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.75).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prevalence of the PMS in this study was 37.18%, significantly associated with age. The probability of observing the PMS in CBCT images decreases by 25% for each additional year of age. This suggests that PMS is more likely to be observed at younger ages and may be a factor to consider for anterior maxillary advancement in patients with maxillary retrusion. Further studies are needed to evaluate the degree of suture fusion to determine if it can be effectively stimulated by orthopaedic appliances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100958"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontal, occlusal, and aesthetic outcomes of missing maxillary lateral incisor replacement: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Marco Migliorati ,&nbsp;Arianna Zuffanti ,&nbsp;Margherita Capuano ,&nbsp;Luigi Canullo ,&nbsp;Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio ,&nbsp;Maria Menini","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The aim of this systematic review was to determine the best treatment alternatives for patients with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) by comparing orthodontic space closure, implant and tooth supported dental prostheses by assessing studies that evaluated their periodontal, occlusal (function) and aesthetic results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present systematic review was reported according to the indications of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) incorporating network meta-analysis, and the protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023487245). The PRISMA systematic search, without restriction on language or initial date, was carried out using electronic databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and central register of controlled trials. To assess the aesthetic effects of the different treatment methods, an arm-based network meta-analysis was carried out.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The systematic search initially produced 1177 studies. At the end 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies used various methods of treatment for maxillary lateral incisor agenesis including orthodontic space closure, implant-supported and tooth-supported dental prostheses. Data were extracted from the articles selected, and a network meta-analysis was carried out.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Within the limits of this network meta-analysis, no significant difference was found regarding the aesthetic results between orthodontic space closure or dental implant. Tooth-supported dental prostheses for MLIA reported worse scores in the periodontal indexes than orthodontic space closure treatment but the impact of orthodontic and prosthetic treatment on periodontal health remained contentious. Furthermore, no signs of TMJ dysfunction were observed in patients treated with either orthodontic space closure or prosthetic replacement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative in vitro study of different composite materials in terms of aligner attachment accuracy and surface roughness using different curing irradiances","authors":"Servet Erbas,&nbsp;Ezgi Atik","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To evaluate 4 different composite resins in terms of aligner attachment accuracy and surface roughness.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>160 premolars were divided into 4 groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->40): Group 1: GC Aligner Connect™; 2: GC Ortho Connect™; 3: 3M ESPE Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable; 4: 3M ESPE Filtek™ Z350 XT Universal. Each group was divided into 2 equal subgroups regarding curing irradiances (Power of 1000 mW/cm² in subgroup A for 10<!--> <!-->s, and 3200 mW/cm²in B for 3<!--> <!-->s, VALO™ Cordless-LED Curing Light). The primary objective was to compare the realized attachments with those of the virtual with 3D Geomagic software. A contact surface profiler was used for roughness measurement (Ra) as the secondary aim. The data were analysed using the IBM SPSS 25.0. The significance level was set at <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In subgroup A, the mean “excess” accuracy measurement of the 3M ESPE Filtek ™Z350 XT flowable resin was found to be higher than others. In subgroup B, the “excess” accuracy measurements of the 3M ESPE Filtek™Z350 XT flowable (0.24<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.07<!--> <!-->mm) and Universal (0.26<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.05<!--> <!-->mm) resins were significantly higher than those of the GC Aligner Connect™ resin (0.17<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.06<!--> <!-->mm), (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). According to the Ra measurements in subgroup A, the measurement of the GC Aligner Connect™ (1.75<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.09<!--> <!-->μm), GC Ortho Connect™ (0.99<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.04<!--> <!-->μm) and 3M ESPE Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable (1.33<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.16<!--> <!-->μm) resins were found to be higher than of the Universal resin (0.07<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.11<!--> <!-->μm), (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). In subgroup B, the Ra measurement of the GC Aligner Connect™ (1.74<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.81<!--> <!-->μm) was found to be higher than that of the 3M ESPE Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable (0.11<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.18<!--> <!-->μm) resin (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.010). Ra measurement observed for the 10-second curing factor for the 3M ESPE Filtek™ Z350 XT Flowable resin group was found to be significantly higher than for the 3-second curing factor (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In terms of “excess” value of accuracy, 3M ESPE Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable composite resin showed a higher value. The lowest surface roughness was observed for Universal restorative resin considering low power irradiation, while was observed for 3M ESPE Filtek™ Z350 XT flowable resin considering high power irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 2","pages":"Article 100961"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-extraction camouflage on a fully cooperative full-step class II division 2 adult patient treated with en-masse distalization, class II elastics and preadjusted lingual appliance: A case report","authors":"Enrico Albertini,&nbsp;Anna Colonna,&nbsp;Paolo Albertini,&nbsp;Luca Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article describes one adult bilateral full-step class II case with severe initial upper incisors retroclination successfully treated by a completely invisible lingual appliance. A non-extraction treatment to compensate for the severe sagittal discrepancy was made possible following the excellent patient cooperation with intermaxillary elastics, combined with upper arch en-masse effective distalization with miniscrews. The application of an auxiliary torque spring was essential to increase upper incisors torque during class II mechanics. This case report shows the possibility of obtaining a full-step class II correction in an hypodivergent adult patient with a completely invisible appliance, taking advantage for the patient cooperation, for a more straightforward and faster non-extraction case resolution. It also underlines on the other hand the importance of successfully controlling incisors torque with auxiliaries in cases of severe retroclination in an adult class II malocclusion, in combination with the simultaneous distalization mechanics for monolateral full-step class II correction, by means of a completely invisible appliance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial efficacy of nanoparticles on orthodontic materials—A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dhruv Ahuja,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Puneet Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of coated nanoparticles within orthodontic appliances as a novel strategy to enhance their antibacterial properties.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A systematic search for relevant articles published between 2013 and March 2024 was conducted across electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost. Studies meeting pre-defined eligibility criteria were included and assessed for methodological quality. Data on the antibacterial activity of coated nanoparticles on orthodontic appliances was extracted from included studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A range of antimicrobial agents, including metallic nanoparticles (silver, titanium dioxide, silver-platinum alloy, zinc oxide, copper oxide), and others like chitosan, quaternary ammonium-modified gold nanoclusters, titanium nitride doped with calcium phosphate, and graphene oxide, have been explored for incorporation into orthodontic materials. Studies have shown a significant boost in the antibacterial capacity of these materials compared to controls, suggesting promise for improved oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It can be concluded that incorporating nanoparticles into orthodontic appliances holds promise for enhancing their antibacterial properties. However, the studies displayed significant heterogeneity therefore, further research with standardized protocols for factors like nanoparticle size, concentration, and incorporation techniques across various orthodontic materials is crucial to guide future clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Prospero registration</h3><div>CRD42024521326.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of electric pulp test and thermal pulp test for assessing pulpal response in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment – A systematic review","authors":"Divya Nangia ,&nbsp;Isha Duggal ,&nbsp;Ajay Logani ,&nbsp;Sidhartha Sharma ,&nbsp;Ritu Duggal","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the reliability of pulp sensibility tests in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>The orthodontic force may cause transient changes in pulp vasculature leading to alteration in its response threshold. This may vary with the type, duration and magnitude of forces used. Thus, it is imperative to monitor the pulp sensibility and vitality of teeth during the course of orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Clinical Trials Registry-India and OpenGrey. Randomized clinical trials and/or observational studies evaluating the pulp sensibility response of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Study characteristics, sample characteristics, methodology details, outcome assessment, and main results were recorded in excel sheet. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess risk of bias (ROB). Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen observational studies were included. Total number of participants who underwent orthodontic treatment was 2956 (average age 17.53<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.81 years). The type and duration of orthodontic force was variable in the different studies. The pulp sensibility response was assessed using either Electric pulp test (EPT), or Thermal pulp test (TPT), or both. Pulp response threshold increased after application of orthodontic force, with number of negative responses peaking at about 2-3 months. Most of the studies presented with a high ROB. The certainty of evidence was considered low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on limited comparative data, TPT was considered more reliable than EPT and that the pulp response threshold increased after application of orthodontic force, peaking at about two or three months. PROSPERO database (CRD42022307390).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional analysis of sella turcica morphology and dimensions in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Madhanraj Selvaraj ,&nbsp;Karthik Sennimalai ,&nbsp;Hamza Parvez Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Riya Marie Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The dimensions and morphology of sella turcica (ST) are often altered in individuals with craniofacial anomalies, including those with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Therefore, the review aimed to identify the current evidence on the 3D morphological characteristics of the ST in patients with CLP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted using different databases without language or publication date restrictions. Studies were included comparing non-syndromic CLP patients to non-cleft controls using 3D imaging techniques for ST assessment. Critical appraisal of included studies was evaluated using the JBI case-control checklist and Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) checklist. A random-effects meta-analysis was used for quantitative synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 1187 identified articles, six studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were rated moderate quality, while two were considered low quality. Most studies reported larger overall ST dimensions in non-cleft controls, with significant differences in ST depth and diameter. The meta-analysis revealed reduced ST depth (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.95; 95% CI: −1.73, −0.17; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.02) and diameter (MD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−1.00; 95% CI: −1.88, −0.11; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.03) in CLP patients, while no significant difference was observed in ST length. CLP patients exhibited more irregular ST morphologies, such as flattening and irregular posterior walls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The review highlights an association between CLP and alterations in ST morphology and dimensions. However, variability in methodologies and the lack of standardized protocols across studies limit the generalizability of these findings. Future research should focus on standardized protocols and larger, more diverse samples to enhance the understanding of ST variations in CLP.</div></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><div>Registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42024505594).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in vitro study of orthodontic brackets bonded to transition dental zirconia: Shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index, and surface irregularities","authors":"Gabrielle Roberts ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Xu ,&nbsp;Edwin Kee ,&nbsp;Andrew Chapple ,&nbsp;Virgil Bartels ,&nbsp;Paul Armbruster ,&nbsp;Richard Ballard","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Orthodontic treatment often involves bonding brackets to teeth, and the protocols for natural enamel differ from those for prosthodontically restored teeth. With the rising number of adult orthodontic patients, many present with zirconia crowns. This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to transition dental zirconia, which combines 3Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP powders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety zirconia substrates were divided into three groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->30) based on transition zirconia brands (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus, Cercon® ht ML, and Katana™ Zirconia UTML) and bonded with ceramic brackets (CHIC Ceramic Roth Maxillary and Symetri Clear) using 3M™ Transbond™ XT. A control group used traditional zirconia and metal brackets. Surface treatments included 50-micron aluminium oxide abrasion and Z-Prime™ Plus application. SBS was tested post-thermocycling. Adhesive Resin Index (ARI) was scored and surface roughness was evaluated pre- and post-bonding.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group 1 (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus with CHIC Ceramic Roth Maxillary brackets) had a significantly lower SBS (mean 13.27<!--> <!-->MPa) compared to the other groups, which all had SBS values above 18.80<!--> <!-->MPa (<em>P</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->.023). Group 2 (3M ESPE Lava™ Plus with Symetri™ Clear) demonstrated a significantly higher mean ARI compared to the control group (Cercon® XT with Victory Series™ Roth), (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.027). Additionally, significant changes in surface roughness were observed in Groups B (Cercon® ht ML) (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.008) and C (Katana™ Zirconia UTML) (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.016).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study determined that the shear bond strength of various transitional zirconia substrates with ceramic brackets exceeded the clinically acceptable SBS levels. The combination of 3M ESPE Lava™ Plus and Symetri™ Clear exhibited significant variation in ARI. Additionally, significant surface irregularities were observed in 3M ESPE Lava™ Plus and Cercon® ht ML following air abrasion, compared to other transitional zirconia brands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of probiotic toothpaste and regular toothpaste on gingival health and plaque levels of adult orthodontic patients – An open label randomized controlled trial","authors":"Kanza Tahir,&nbsp;Afeefa Abul Barakaat,&nbsp;Umair Shoukat Ali,&nbsp;Mubassar Fida,&nbsp;Rashna Hoshang Sukhia","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Probiotics are living micro-organisms that are likely to influence oral health by modulating the oral microbiota and offer a promising preventive approach to gum and dental disease. This approach is particularly relevant for orthodontic patients, who are more susceptible to gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation. The aim of this randomized controlled study was to compare the effects of a probiotic toothpaste versus a regular toothpaste on gingival health and plaque levels in orthodontic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were recruited between 4 June 2024 and 15 July 2024, and were aged between 18 and 50<!--> <!-->years. They did not suffer from mental/physical disabilities, craniofacial disorders, enamel/tooth dysplasia and were not taking medication affecting plaque build-up. Participants were randomized in two groups using a computer programme and sealed envelopes: the group A (control) used an ordinary toothpaste (Colgate) twice a day for four weeks, the group B used a probiotic toothpaste containing <em>Lactobacillus paracasei</em> twice a day for four weeks. Standard oral hygiene instructions were given to all participants. The primary outcome was the mean change in gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index (PI) over four weeks. This was an open-label trial. Only the evaluator was blinded and the evaluation criteria were objective.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-four participants, 22 in each group, were finally included and analysed. After the intervention, the probiotic group had a significantly lower median gingival score [0.12 (IQR 0.09, 0.16)] than the control group [0.15 (IQR 0.10, 0.18)], with a p-value of 0.041 (95% CI: 0.009–0.18). However, there was no significant difference in plaque scores between the two groups [Probiotic: 20.0 (IQR 18.0, 21.0) vs. control: 21.0 (IQR 19.0, 22.0), <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.15]. No significant adverse events or side effects were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Under the conditions of this trial, the probiotic toothpaste only significantly improved the gingival bleeding index in orthodontic patients compared to regular toothpaste.</div></div><div><h3>Trial Registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrial.gov (<span><span>NCT06473792</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invisible treatment with preadjusted lingual appliance and monolateral space opening for an adult Class II malocclusion with upper lateral incisors agenesis: An ortho-prosthetic case report","authors":"Enrico Albertini ,&nbsp;Paolo Albertini ,&nbsp;Anna Colonna ,&nbsp;Federico Rivara ,&nbsp;Luca Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2024.100937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report describes the treatment of a Class II malocclusion with upper lateral incisors agenesis in an adult patient, performed by an invisible preadjusted lingual appliance, monolateral space opening and dental Class II correction. The patient had previously been treated by clear aligners with the insertion of an implant in upper right canine position in order to close the remaining space. With the twofold aim of obtaining ideal occlusal relationship and smile aesthetic improvement, it highlights how a fixed orthodontic technique is needed to achieve the planned results, when anterior torque, bodily translations and deep-bite correction are necessary. On the other hand, it underlines how the treatment plan should not be adapted to the limits of the employed appliance, but should aim for the best clinical result for the patient. A prosthetic finalisation was in the end performed in order to obtain the best aesthetic result.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"23 1","pages":"Article 100937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}