International Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes assessed in clinical trials concerning orthodontic retention: A scoping review","authors":"Dalya Al-Moghrabi ,&nbsp;Sarah Abu Arqub ,&nbsp;Lina Alfadil ,&nbsp;Nada A. Al-shehri ,&nbsp;Selena H.M. Tee ,&nbsp;Padhraig S. Fleming","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess outcomes and outcome measurement tools used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning orthodontic retention, and to evaluate the study and sample characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify RCTs concerning orthodontic retention in participants of any age, published up to May 17th, 2025. Primary and secondary outcomes were grouped into main domains with associated outcome measurement tool recorded. Data relating to sample characteristics, type of intervention, dropout rate, study setting and duration, and recall intervals were obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1526 papers identified, 129 were included. Dental alignment (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->38) and arch width changes (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->30) were the most prevalent primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Patient-centred outcomes were evaluated in only 33 studies (25.6%). Heterogeneity in outcome measurements was evident for both periodontal and dental alignment outcomes. Most participants were adolescents (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->63; 48.84%) with most included studies involving comparisons between variants of removable retainers (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->38; 29.5%). The effects of retainer use were considered in both arches (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->61; 47.3%) or the mandibular arch alone (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->51; 39.5%). The average follow-up was 13.04<!--> <!-->months with moderate dropout rates (&gt;<!--> <!-->10%) reported in 27.9% of the studies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Orthodontic retention trials primarily focused on short-term dental alignment in the lower arch and generally overlooked patient-centred outcomes. Prolonged follow-up remains the exception with moderate dropout rates typical even in short-term studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are answers obtained from artificial intelligence models for information purposes repeatable?","authors":"Yasemin Tunca ,&nbsp;Volkan Kaplan ,&nbsp;Murat Tunca","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The objective of this study was to assess the repeatability of orthodontic responses generated by multiple large language models across repeated time points.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This experimental study assessed the answers provided by ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, Gemini, and Gemini-Advanced to 40 frequently asked orthodontic questions. Each model was prompted with the same questions at three time points (T0: day 0, T1: day 7, and T2: day 14). Two blinded orthodontic experts independently evaluated responses using a 3-point accuracy scale. Cohen's Kappa and ICC were applied to assess inter-rater agreement and repeatability, respectively. In addition, Friedman test with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis and Spearman correlation were used for temporal comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cohen's Kappa values between raters ranged from 0.624 to 0.749, indicating substantial inter-rater agreement. ICC values for repeatability ranged from 0.666 (Gemini) to 0.960 (ChatGPT-3.5). Friedman test results revealed significant differences in model accuracy at T0 and T2 (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed ChatGPT-3.5 differed significantly from Gemini and Gemini Advanced. Spearman correlations between time points were positive but weak (ρ<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.284 to 0.383, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study revealed statistically significant differences in repeatability among AI models. Despite high accuracy, some models exhibited limited consistency over time. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating both accuracy and temporal stability when integrating AI systems into clinical orthodontic communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of automated segmentation of maxillofacial structures in cone-beam computed tomography images using artificial intelligence: A systematic review","authors":"Alin M. Iacob ,&nbsp;Alessio Verdecchia ,&nbsp;Yolanda García-Mesa ,&nbsp;Enrico Spinas ,&nbsp;Teresa Cobo","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The automated segmentation of maxillary and mandibular bones in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining the standards of digital dentistry and orthodontics, with applications in mini-implant placement, dental implantology, orthognathic surgery, and bone graft planning.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically assess the performance of AI models – particularly U-Net-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) – for automated segmentation of maxillary bone structures in CBCT, following the PICOS model (Population – CBCT scans of human maxillae; Intervention – AI-based segmentation; Comparator – manual segmentation; Outcome – accuracy; Study design – diagnostic accuracy studies).</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024592182). Eligibility criteria included studies applying AI to maxillary bone segmentation in CBCT and reporting quantitative accuracy metrics. Risk of bias was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. The GRADE tool for formulating and grading recommendations in clinical practice was also employed. Data collected comprised number of CBCT scans, AI model architecture, evaluation metrics, and reported clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-one studies, analysing 11,432 CBCT scans, met the inclusion criteria. AI models consistently achieved high segmentation accuracy, with Dice similarity coefficients frequently exceeding 0.98, while substantially reducing processing time compared to manual segmentation. Applications ranged from implant planning and orthognathic surgery to digital orthodontics. Persistent challenges included anatomical variability, imaging artifacts, and the limited availability of high-quality annotated datasets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AI-based segmentation of maxillary and mandibular bones in CBCT demonstrates promising accuracy and efficiency compared with manual techniques. Nevertheless, the certainty of evidence is limited by retrospective designs and small, heterogeneous samples. Large-scale, prospective multicentre studies with standardized evaluation are needed before these methods can be reliably adopted in routine clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sella turcica bridging and skeletal sagittal patterns in patients with third molar agenesis: A retrospective observational study","authors":"Maria Francesca Sfondrini ,&nbsp;Maurizio Pascadopoli ,&nbsp;Enrico Sangalli ,&nbsp;Chiara Falzinella ,&nbsp;Andrea Scribante","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the associations between sella turcica bridging (STB) and skeletal malocclusion patterns in orthodontic patients with third molar agenesis (TMA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Panoramic radiographs were taken from patients aged 8–18 years to identify TMA. All the patients were included between March 2023 and June 2023. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from both patients with TMA (agenesis group, AG) and those without TMA (control group, CG). Cephalometric measurements between the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The analysis of the sella turcica was carried out on lateral cephalometric radiographs based on Leonardi's classification. Linear regressions were performed between bridging, agenesis, cephalometric measurements, sex and age. Significance was set at <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four hundred patients were included in the study, 200 for the AG group and 200 for the CG. A statistically significant influence of agenesis on the sella depth measurement, which was on average higher in the AG compared to the CG, was found, particularly in cases of mandibular agenesis. Both ANB and A0B0 were significantly lower in the AG compared to the CG (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05), especially in the mandibular agenesis subgroup. Although the results are statistically significant for the A0B0 and SNB values, they were not clinically relevant. The intermaxillary angle is generally reduced in AG, indicating a greater tendency towards a hypodivergent skeletal pattern. The values of the joint angles, the total gonial angle, and the upper and lower gonial angles are slightly increased on average in AG compared to CG. The percentage ratio between posterior and anterior facial height is higher in AG compared to CG. The most important finding is that the mandibular body length is significantly shorter in AG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>No significant association was found between TMA and the skeletal parameters of the sella turcica. A possible association was found between TMA and skeletal malocclusions, particularly Class III malocclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of maxillary canine retraction using MBT™ versus Roth®. Prescriptions in young adult orthodontic patients: A split-mouth prospective clinical trial","authors":"Amir Attique ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hasnain Sakrani BDS, FCPS ,&nbsp;Sadaf Siddiqui BDS, FCPS ,&nbsp;Ambreen Javed ,&nbsp;Sundus Munir ,&nbsp;Zartash Shaukat ,&nbsp;Umar Hussain BDS, FCPS, MS(Biostat) ,&nbsp;Ahsan Mahmood Shah BDS, FCPS, MOrth, FFD, MHPE,MHR ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Pandis","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Shorter orthodontic treatment duration can minimize adverse effects. There is a lack of literature comparing McLaughlin, Bennett, and Trevisi (MBT™) and Roth® prescriptions on canine retraction rate.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the rate of maxillary canine retraction between MBT™ and Roth® bracket prescriptions.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A split-mouth prospective clinical trial was conducted on 40 orthodontic patients over three months, requiring maxillary first premolar extractions. One side was bonded with MBT™ brackets and the contralateral side with Roth brackets. Leveling and alignment were completed with 0.017″<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->0.025″ stainless steel archwire. Canine retraction was initiated using sliding mechanics with nickel-titanium coil springs. Measurements were taken at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean age was 20.1(2.9) years, and 57.5% were female. MBT™ brackets demonstrated a significantly higher rate of canine retraction than Roth brackets. The mean differences in retraction rates at one, two, and three months were 0.2<!--> <!-->mm, 0.13<!--> <!-->mm, and 0.13<!--> <!-->mm, respectively (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). The total canine movement over three months was also significantly greater in the MBT™ group (mean difference: 0.45<!--> <!-->mm/month [95%CI: 0.32, 0.59]). On average, the rate of canine movement, after adjusting for time, was 0.16<!--> <!-->mm/month lower in Roth® compared to MBT™ (95% CI: −0.19, −0.12, <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MBT™ brackets facilitate a higher rate of canine retraction compared to Roth® brackets. MBT™ can used in cases requiring faster canine movement, while Roth® brackets may benefit from additional adjuncts to improve efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-surgical treatment of severe anterior open bite, hyperdivergent pattern, and posterior crossbite in an adult with atrophy of the mandibular first molar extraction site: A case report","authors":"Ahmed S. Khalil,&nbsp;Sherief H. Abdel-Haffiez","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anterior open bite presents a significant challenge in orthodontic treatment due to its multifactorial aetiology. Managing such cases in adult patients is further complicated when additional factors, such as posterior crossbite, are present. Space closure in an atrophic edentulous ridge poses an added challenge due to reduced alveolar bone width and the risk of periodontal compromise. The diagnostic and treatment details of the present case were documented in accordance with the CARE guidelines for clinical case reporting. This case report describes the successful non-surgical management of an 18-year-old female with severe anterior open bite, hyperdivergent facial morphology, bilateral posterior crossbite, and an atrophic mandibular first molar extraction site with a mesially and lingually tipped second molar. The patient declined orthognathic surgery, leading to the consideration of a comprehensive orthodontic approach in conjunction with Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) for transverse correction, skeletal anchorage for maxillary molar intrusion, and fixed orthodontic appliances for space closure and molar uprighting. Treatment resulted in a functional occlusion with Class I molar and canine relationships, normal overjet and overbite, and stable transverse correction. The patient received satisfactory facial aesthetics with a harmonious smile and was pleased with the results. The integration of skeletal anchorage enabled effective vertical and transverse correction in an adult patient without orthognathic surgery. Controlled uprighting with intrusion allowed for proper alignment of a tipped mandibular molar, followed by successful protraction across an atrophic ridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index, and degree of conversion of orthodontic composite adhesives: An in vitro study using human premolars","authors":"Rehab A. Khalil ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. El-Okaily ,&nbsp;Ghada A. Alkaranfilly","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI), and degree of conversion (DC) of four different orthodontic adhesives.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Sixty maxillary first premolars were randomly divided into four groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->15) according to the type of adhesive used: group I, Grengloo™ (GG), group II, Trulock® (TL), group III, CuRAY-Eclipse® (EC), and group IV, Master-Dent® (MD). The SBS was tested using a universal testing machine, and the ARI scores were evaluated by using a stereomicroscope. For assessing the DC, 5 cured and 5 uncured specimens were prepared for each group. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrometer was used to evaluate the DC for each composite. The SBS data were analysed by the Welch one-way ANOVA test, followed by Games-Howell post hoc test. ARI index scores were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc test. The DC data were analysed by using the one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The significance level was set at <em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05 within all tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant difference in the mean SBS (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) between the tested groups (PES: 0.684, 95% CI [0.460 to 0.757]). GG had a statistically significantly higher mean SBS (19.63<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.44<!--> <!-->MPa) than the other adhesives. EC had a significantly higher mean SBS (14.15<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.28<!--> <!-->MPa) than MD (9.98<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.81<!--> <!-->MPa). There was no significant difference in mean SBS between TL (11.96<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.34<!--> <!-->MPa) and EC or between TL and MD. There was a significant difference in ARI scores (<em>P</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001) between the tested adhesives (PES[H]: 0.262, 95% CI [0.100 to 0.510]). The predominant mode of bond failure in GG, TL, and EC was cohesive failure, while MD revealed bond failure at the enamel/adhesive interface. There was a significant difference (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.010) in the DC values between the tested composites (PES: 0.518, 95% CI [0.202 to 0.640]). GG (83.66<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.48%) had a significantly higher mean DC than MD (74.57<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.47%). There was no significant difference in the mean values of the DC between GG, TL (77.02<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->2.42%), and EC (78.36<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.23%), or between TL, EC, and MD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GG had the highest SBS. All the tested adhesives showed adequate and acceptable SBS and DC for clinical practice. All the adhesives revealed cohesive bond failure, except MD exhibited bond failure at the enamel/adhesive interface. The DC was influenced by the composite type. GG had the highest DC and was significantly higher than MD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of variations in mini-screw diameter, length, tapering, and thread depth on stress-strain distribution and displacement in alveolar bone: A three-dimensional finite element analysis","authors":"Hamed Rahimi ,&nbsp;Salva Khosroshahian ,&nbsp;Faham Vjihi","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Optimizing orthodontic mini-screw design is critical for primary stability. This study investigated the effects of macroscopic parameters—including length, diameter, taper, and thread depth—on stress distribution in surrounding alveolar bone using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) immediately after orthodontic loading.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We designed a standard mini-screw (8<!--> <!-->mm length, 1.6<!--> <!-->mm diameter, 0.25<!--> <!-->mm thread depth, 1° taper with V-shaped threads) and systematically altered each parameter to create eight additional models. Each mini-screw embedded in bone was subjected to a 2<!--> <!-->N static shear load. The stress distribution in the bone and mini-screw, as well as mini-screw displacement under shear loading, were calculated to evaluate primary stability for each design.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reducing diameter by 0.2<!--> <!-->mm increased maximum von Mises stress by 47% in bone and 33% in the mini-screw, whereas increasing diameter by 0.2<!--> <!-->mm decreased stress by 10% in both. Other design parameters had smaller effects under shear loading. Maximum bone stress consistently occurred at the mini-screw entry site and around the first thread.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mini-screw diameter is the most influential factor affecting primary stability, particularly regarding maximum von Mises stress. Our findings highlight the importance of optimizing diameter and structural design at the bone entry site, providing practical guidance for clinical selection and mini-screw design improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting treatment pathways in Class II malocclusion patients using machine learning: A comparative study of four algorithms for classifying camouflage, growth modulation, and surgical decisions","authors":"Mukesh Kumar,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar,&nbsp;Malvika Agarwal,&nbsp;Ekta Yadav,&nbsp;Sougandhika Gandi","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to develop a machine-learning model to assist in treatment decision-making for surgery, camouflage, and growth modulation in Class II malocclusion patients and to evaluate its validity and reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A total of 506 Class II malocclusion patients were included in the study, with patients randomly assigned to a training set (405) and a test set (101). Four machine-learning (ML) models – logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) – were trained to predict the most suitable treatment approach: camouflage, growth modulation (GM), or surgery. The accuracy of treatment decisions was evaluated for each model, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, the McNemar's test was used to assess the statistical significance of model performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The AUC-PR values indicate that SVM and RF are the best-performing models, both achieving 1.00 for GM, 0.92 for camouflage, and 0.82 for surgery, demonstrating strong classification capabilities across all classes. LR performs well for GM (0.97<strong>)</strong> but struggles with camouflage and surgery (both 0.66), indicating inconsistencies. The DT has the lowest overall performance, with 0.62 for GM and camouflage, and 0.55 for surgery, suggesting weaker classification reliability. Given these results, SVM and RF emerge as the most effective models, offering the best balance of precision and recall across all classes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Support vector machine and random forest demonstrate strong classification for growth modulation with high precision and recall, while camouflage remains stable until 80% recall before precision declines. Surgery involves greater trade-offs between precision and recall. This study further supports that ANB, Nasolabial angle, SNA, H angle, Age, Mandibular plane angle can be used as strong predictors in assessing patient's treatment needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of protective coatings on corrosion resistance in orthodontic magnets: A systematic review of in vitro studies","authors":"Jack Slaymaker,&nbsp;Emile Rossouw,&nbsp;Dimitrios Michelogiannakis","doi":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ortho.2025.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review evaluates the effectiveness of protective coatings in enhancing the corrosion resistance of neodynium-iron-boron (Nd₂Fe₁₄B) and samarium cobalt (SmCo₅) magnets in orthodontics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a structured search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed research on corrosion resistance, cytotoxicity, or durability of coated magnets. Twelve studies were assessed for bias using the QUIN tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Coatings such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂), zirconium nitride (ZrN), diamond-like carbon (DLC), silanization, parylene, and PTFE enhanced corrosion resistance, limited ion release, and maintained mechanical function. ZrO₂ and ZrN had the highest resistance, while DLC provided superior durability. Parylene and epoxy resin showed lower mechanical stress resilience. The predominance of in vitro data limits clinical application.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Coatings enhance the durability and safety of rare-earth magnets in orthodontics. However, limited in vivo evidence and inconsistencies in testing are challenges. Future research should focus on long-term studies and multifunctional coatings optimizing corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45449,"journal":{"name":"International Orthodontics","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}