African Journal of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Re-decontamination of liquid mycobacterial cultures: Additional <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> yield in the era of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra in Cape Town, South Africa.","authors":"Dawood da Costa,&nbsp;Pieter Nel","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A retrospective review of liquid mycobacterial cultures was performed at a laboratory in South Africa from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 to assess the increased yield in detecting <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex following sample re-decontamination. Only 9 of 99 (9%) re-decontaminated samples were culture positive for <i>M. tuberculosis</i> complex. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, concurrently performed on 7 of the 9 samples, detected <i>M. tuberculosis</i> complex in all but 1 sample. Re-decontamination of non-sterile samples did not increase the <i>M. tuberculosis</i> complex yield enough to offset the financial costs and additional labour in a laboratory that utilises the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra system as a first-line diagnostic modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39877198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the cost of Xpert MTB/RIF mobile testing in high-burden peri-mining communities in South Africa.","authors":"Naseem Cassim,&nbsp;Lindi M Coetzee,&nbsp;Abel L Makuraj,&nbsp;Wendy S Stevens,&nbsp;Deborah K Glencross","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, tuberculosis remains a major cause of mortality, with an estimated 1.3 million deaths per annum. The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is used as the initial diagnostic test in the tuberculosis diagnostic algorithm. To extend the national tuberculosis testing programme in South Africa, mobile units fitted with the GeneXpert equipment were introduced to high-burden peri-mining communities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to assess the cost of mobile testing compared to traditional laboratory-based testing in a peri-mining community setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Actual cost data for mobile and laboratory-based Xpert MTB/RIF testing from 2018 were analysed using a bottom-up ingredients-based approach to establish the annual equivalent cost and the cost per result. Historical cost data were obtained from supplier quotations and the local enterprise resource planning system. Costs were obtained in rand and reported in United States dollars (USD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mobile units performed 4866 tests with an overall cost per result of $49.16. Staffing accounted for 30.7% of this cost, while reagents and laboratory equipment accounted for 20.7% and 20.8%. The cost per result of traditional laboratory-based testing was $15.44 US dollars (USD). The cost for identifying a tuberculosis-positive result using mobile testing was $439.58 USD per case, compared to $164.95 USD with laboratory-based testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mobile testing is substantially more expensive than traditional laboratory services but offers benefits for rapid tuberculosis case detection and same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation. Mobile tuberculosis testing should however be reserved for high-burden communities with limited access to laboratory testing where immediate intervention can benefit patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8661292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39733059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Brucellosis - Laboratory workers' nightmare come true: A case study.","authors":"Lebogang Skosana,&nbsp;Farzana Ismail,&nbsp;Nontombi Mbelle,&nbsp;Mohamed Said","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v9i1.1114.].</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8661401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39733060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on blood donation and supply in Africa.","authors":"Kenneth B David,&nbsp;Knovicks Simfukwe,&nbsp;Mohamed B Musa,&nbsp;Steven Munharo,&nbsp;Don E Lucero-Prisno","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1408","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8602960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39683525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deployment of mobile diagnostic laboratories for Ebola virus disease diagnostics in Sierra Leone and Guinea.","authors":"Lance D Presser, Jeanette Coffin, Lamine Koivogui, Allan Campbell, Julian Campbell, Fatmata Barrie, Jone Ngobeh, Zein Souma, Samuel Sorie, Doris Harding, Alimou Camara, Pepe Tohonamou, Basala Traore, Frank A Hamill, Joe Bogan, Sharon Altmann, Casey Ross, Jay Mansheim, Robert Hegerty, Scott Poynter, Scott Shearrer, Carmen Asbun, Brendan Karlstrand, Phil Davis, Jane Alam, David Roberts, Paul D Stamper, Jean Ndjomou, Nadia Wauquier, Mohamed Koroma, Alhaji Munu, Jason McClintock, Mar Mar, True Burns, Stephen Krcha","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1414","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ebola virus emerged in West Africa in December 2013. The ease of mobility, porous borders, and lack of public health infrastructure led to the largest Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak to date.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The 2013 EVD outbreak signalled the need for laboratory diagnostic capabilities in areas without strong public health systems. As part of the United States' Department of Defense response, MRIGlobal was contracted to design, fabricate, equip, deploy, and operate two mobile diagnostic laboratories (MDLs). The first laboratory analysed blood samples from patients in an adjacent Ebola Treatment Centre (ETC) and buccal swabs from the deceased in the community in Moyamba, Sierra Leone. The second laboratory was deployed to support an ETC in Conakry, Guinea. The Department of Defense provided real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays that were deployed and validated on-site.</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>Prompt and accurate molecular diagnostics reduced sample turn-around times from over 24 h to under 4 h. Experienced laboratory staff tested up to 110 samples per day and on-site engineering proved necessary for MDL setup and operation. As the Ebola response slowed, the sustainment of the MDLs' operations was prioritised, including staff training and the transition of the MDLs to local governments. Training programmes for local staff were prepared in Sierra Leone and Guinea.</p><p><strong>Recommendations: </strong>The MRIGlobal MDL team significantly contributed to establishing increased laboratory capacity during the EVD outbreak in West Africa. Using the MDLs for molecular diagnosis is highly recommended until more sustainable solutions can be provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8603149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39687876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biobanking of COVID-19 specimens during the pandemic: The need for enhanced biosafety.","authors":"Olayinka S Ilesanmi,&nbsp;Aanuoluwapo A Afolabi","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1379","url":null,"abstract":"Biobanking holds promising benefits particularly for improving the understanding of specific diseases and illnesses,1 as evidenced for the Zika virus disease. Research using biobanked blood samples helped resolve the ‘dengue-like syndrome’ misunderstanding associated with the Zika virus. Secondly, it provided comprehensive knowledge on the possibility for vertical transmission of the Zika virus between mother and child, as well as transmission via sexual relationships and blood transfusions.2 Biobanked biological samples could be kept for indefinite periods, allowing for long-term retrospective research in the future. The disease control opportunities that abound in biobanking can only be activated through efficient biobank structures.","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8602961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39683524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular red cell genotyping of rare blood donors in South Africa to enhance rare donor-patient blood matching.","authors":"Lavendri Govender,&nbsp;Rosaley D Prakashchandra,&nbsp;Pavitra Pillay,&nbsp;Ute Jentsch","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Molecular red cell genotyping is devoid of serology limitations such as the scarcity of rare antisera and the possibility of inconclusive results due to biological interferences. Blood incompatibility can result in immune transfusion reactions such as haemolytic transfusion reactions or haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to use molecular red cell genotyping to identify rare blood group donors among South African blood donors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Red cell genotyping data were extracted retrospectively from the BIDS XT genotyping software in the Immunohaematology Reference Laboratory from January 2015 to August 2016. The ID CORE XT genotyping assay was used to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms of 10 blood groups system alleles in 150 donors. Associations between the resultant genotypes and predicted phenotypes, ABO group, RhD type, race group and gender were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant red cell genetic variability was noted among the numerous South African donor genotypes identified in this study. Genotyping further confirmed the presence of at least one of the 16 rare genotypes in 50 donors. Group O Black donors were associated with two rare blood types, while several other rare blood types were found only in White donors, supporting an association between ABO/Rh subtype, race group and rare blood types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeted screening of donors for antigen-negative rare blood units for patients should be done to reduce the risk of haemolytic transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39556654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health.","authors":"Lukoye Atwoli,&nbsp;Abdullah H Baqui,&nbsp;Thomas Benfield,&nbsp;Raffaella Bosurgi,&nbsp;Fiona Godlee,&nbsp;Stephen Hancocks,&nbsp;Richard Horton,&nbsp;Laurie Laybourn-Langton,&nbsp;Carlos Augusto Monteiro,&nbsp;Ian Norman,&nbsp;Kirsten Patrick,&nbsp;Nigel Praities,&nbsp;Marcel G M Olde Rikkert,&nbsp;Eric J Rubin,&nbsp;Peush Sahni,&nbsp;Richard Smith,&nbsp;Nicholas J Talley,&nbsp;Sue Turale,&nbsp;Damián Vázquez","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39556655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-evaluation assessment of serological-based COVID-19 point-of-care lateral flow assays in Kenya.","authors":"James H Kimotho,&nbsp;Abdiaziz A Gosar,&nbsp;Ronald Inyangala,&nbsp;Paulyne Wairimu,&nbsp;Fred Siyoi,&nbsp;Damaris Matoke-Muhia,&nbsp;Cecilia Wanjala,&nbsp;Jeremiah Zablon,&nbsp;Moses Orina,&nbsp;Lucy Muita,&nbsp;Jacqueline Thiga,&nbsp;Lameck Nyabuti,&nbsp;Eunice Wainaina,&nbsp;Joseph Mwangi,&nbsp;Alice Mumbi,&nbsp;Samuel Omari,&nbsp;Ann Wanjiru,&nbsp;Samson M Nzou,&nbsp;Missiani Ochwoto","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely testing is a key determinant of management outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests are currently the mainstay for COVID-19 testing. However, serological point-of-care tests (PoCTs) can be useful in identifying asymptomatic and recovered cases, as well as herd immunity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 PoCTs in Kenya to support the emergency use authorisation of these tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between March 2020 and May 2020, 18 firms, of which 13 were from China, submitted their PoCTs to the national regulatory authority, the Pharmacy and Poison Board, who in turn forwarded them to the Kenya Medical Research Institute for pre-evaluation assessment. The tests were run with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction COVID-19-positive samples. Pre-COVID-19 plasma samples that were collected in June 2019 were used as negative samples. The shelf lives of the PoCTs ranged from 6 to 24 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only nine (50%) tests had sensitivities ≥ 40% (range: 40% - 60%) and the ability of these tests to detect IgM ranged from 0% to 50%. Many (7/18; 38.9%) of the kits had very weak IgM and IgG band intensities (range: 2-3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serological-based PoCTs available in Kenya can only detect COVID-19 in up to 60% of the infected population.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39558203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher proportion of non-classical and intermediate monocytes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Egypt: A possible prognostic marker.","authors":"Asmaa M Zahran,&nbsp;Hanaa Nafady-Hego,&nbsp;Sawsan M Moeen,&nbsp;Hanan A Eltyb,&nbsp;Mohammed M Wahman,&nbsp;Asmaa Nafady","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interaction between multiple myeloma (MM) cells and proximal monocytes is expected during plasma cell proliferation. However, the role of monocyte subsets in the disease progression is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated circulating monocyte populations in MM patients and their correlation with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral monocytes from 20 patients with MM attending Assiut University Hospital in Assiut, Egypt, between October 2018 and August 2019 were processed using a flow cytometry procedure and stratified using the intensity of expression of CD14 and CD16 into classical (CD16^-CD14⁺⁺), intermediate (CD16⁺CD14⁺⁺), and non-classical (CD16⁺⁺CD14⁺) subsets. The data were compared with data from 20 healthy control participants with comparable age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with MM, the percentage of classical monocytes was significantly lower (mean ± standard error: 77.24 ± 0.66 vs 83.75 ± 0.5), while those of non-classical (12.44 ± 0.5 vs 8.9 ± 0.34) and intermediate (10.3 ± 0.24 vs 7.4 ± 0.29) monocytes were significantly higher when compared with those of controls (all <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Proportions of non-classical and intermediate monocytes correlated positively with serum levels of plasma cells, M-protein, calcium, creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase, and correlated negatively with the serum albumin level. Proportions of classical monocytes correlated positively with albumin level and negatively correlated with serum levels of M-protein, plasma cells, calcium, creatinine, and lactate dehydrogenase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Circulating monocyte subpopulations are skewed towards non-classical and intermediate monocytes in MM patients, and the intensity of this skewness increases with disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8424713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39416479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}