Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: Implications for blood safety.

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2022-07-26 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI:10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1434
Foluke A Fasola, Adeola A Fowotade, Adedayo O Faneye, Adeyeni Adeleke
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors - family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative.

Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors.

Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests.

Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion.

Abstract Image

尼日利亚献血者中乙型肝炎病毒核心抗体的流行:对血液安全的影响
背景:抗乙型肝炎核心抗体(anti-HBc)检测通过检测过去和现在的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染,同时检测血清学阴性HBV感染中的乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg),提高输血安全性。然而,隐性HBV感染(OBI)(血清或肝脏HBV dna阳性但hbsag阴性)在替代献血者中仍未得到解决,替代献血者是指献血以替代向亲属输血的家庭成员或朋友。目的:本研究评估OBI供者抗hbc检测阳性的危险因素,并确定替代供者的抗hbc阳性状态。方法:该研究在尼日利亚伊巴丹大学学院医院血库进行,使用2019年4月至2019年5月期间从献血者收集的血液样本。供者通过快速诊断试验(RDT)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)筛查HBsAg,通过ELISA检测抗hbc,同时使用半巢式聚合酶链反应检测HBV DNA。结果:274例受试者中,RDT检测hbsag阳性15例(5.5%),ELISA检测hbsag阳性36例(13.1%),抗hbc阳性133例(48.5%)。在232例hbsag阴性供者中,107例(46.1%)为抗hbc阳性。在107例hbsag阴性但抗hbc阳性的样本中,只有1例(0.93%)HBV dna阳性。HBV dna阳性供者经RDT和ELISA检测均为hbsag阴性。结论:本研究确定了乙型肝炎病毒从分离的抗乙型肝炎阳性献血者传播给血液接受者的潜在风险。通过HBc免疫球蛋白(抗体)M检测来确定需要进一步筛查聚合酶链反应以检测OBI的血液单位,可以预防HBV通过输血传播。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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