African Journal of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Causes of death and post-mortem testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a tertiary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.","authors":"Edward Asumanu,&nbsp;Seth Attoh,&nbsp;Raymond X Servor,&nbsp;Clement Laryea,&nbsp;Mary McAddy,&nbsp;Fred Hobenu,&nbsp;Raymond Factchu,&nbsp;Kwesi Agyemang-Bediako,&nbsp;Edward O Nyarko,&nbsp;Godwin K Nyarko,&nbsp;Marcus K Moroti,&nbsp;Lawrence Edusei","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Causes of death during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ranhttp://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1766=pdf&date_stamp=2022-11-23ge from direct consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to deaths unrelated to SARS-CoV-2. Another feature of the pandemic is the post-mortem testing for SARS-CoV-2. Understanding these aspects of COVID-19 are essential in planning and limiting the impact of SARS-CoV-2 virus on healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the underlying causes of death and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in bodies received at the 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana, during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted from 4-27 May 2020. Deceased patients that met the inclusion criteria were prospectively selected during the expanded surveillance period for SARS-CoV-2 testing, autopsy and determination of underlying and immediate cause of death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 161 deceased patients were analysed with 53 autopsies. The overall positive test rate for SARS-CoV-2 was 14.9% (24/161 patients), with a positive rate of 5.0% (8/161 patients) for nasopharyngeal samples and 30.2% (16/161 patients) for bronchopulmonary samples. The underlying causes of death were not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 85.1% (137/161) of patients, SARS-CoV-2-associated 12.4% (20/161) and SARS-CoV-2-induced in 2.5% (4/161). Cardiovascular complications formed the most common cause of death in patients with or without SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in post-mortem cases. However, most deaths were not caused by SARS-CoV-2 but by cardiovascular complications. The high rate of bronchopulmonary positive results for SARS-CoV-2 requires that autopsies be done in suspicious cases with negative nasopharyngeal sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9723964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral human papilloma virus infection among dental clinic attendees in Ibadan, Nigeria.","authors":"Adedayo O Faneye,&nbsp;Oyeteju S Babalola,&nbsp;Georgina N Odaibo,&nbsp;Juwon Arotiba,&nbsp;Olufemi D Olaleye","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and mouth or throat warts. However, there is currently limited information about oral HPV infections in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to provide information on the occurrence and circulating genotypes of HPV among patients attending three (one government and two private) dental clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An oral swab was collected from 231 dental clinic attendees in Ibadan between January 2016 and March 2017 and tested for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction targeting the E6/7 genes of the virus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three of the 231 swab samples were HPV DNA positive comprising 16 mono-infections and seven co-infections in 13 males and ten females. Genotype 16 was present in ten patients, genotype 6/11 in five, Genotype 18 and genotype 33 in four each, genotype 31 in three and genotype 39 in one. Twenty-one cases were high-risk HPV genotypes, while two were low-risk. Samples had co-infection and five had low risk type 6/11 either as single or as co-infection. Persons who had engaged in oral sex as well as those aged 21-30 years has significantly higher prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that although HPV genotype 16 is the most common type among dental clinic attendees in Ibadan, other genotypes are also circulating and that oral sex is a risk factor for the infection. Therefore, introducing a multivalent HPV vaccine will reduce the risk of HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma and other cancers in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology laboratories involved in disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance: Strengths and challenges of the central African states.","authors":"Passoret Vounba,&nbsp;Severin Loul,&nbsp;Ludovic F Tamadea,&nbsp;Joël F D Siawaya","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laboratory systems have been largely neglected on the margins of health systems in Africa. However, since the 2000s, many African countries have benefited from massive investments to strengthen laboratory capacities through projects fighting priority diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria). This review examined the laboratory capacities of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). Online research using specific terms was carried out. Studies published between 2000 and 2021 on the role of the laboratory in disease and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in the 11 ECCAS countries were considered. The number of human and animal health laboratories meeting international standards was very low in the sub-region. There were only seven International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189-accredited human health laboratories, with five in Cameroon and two in Rwanda. There were five high biosafety level (BSL) laboratories (one BSL3 laboratory each in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Congo, and one BSL4 laboratory in Gabon) and three ISO 17025-accredited laboratories in the ECCAS sub-region. Only six countries currently have whole-genome sequencing devices, which is insufficient for a sub-region as large and populous as ECCAS. Yet, a plethora of pathogens, particularly haemorrhagic viruses, are endemic in these countries. The need for laboratory capacity strengthening following a One Health approach is imperative. Since emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infectious diseases are projected to triple in frequency over the next 50 years and given the inextricable link between human and animal health, actors in the two health sectors must collaborate to preserve world health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1570"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8991180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9584176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent action needed for Africa and the world.","authors":"Lukoye Atwoli,&nbsp;Gregory E Erhabor,&nbsp;Aiah A Gbakima,&nbsp;Abraham Haileamlak,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba,&nbsp;James Kigera,&nbsp;Laurie Laybourn-Langton,&nbsp;Robert Mash,&nbsp;Joy Muhia,&nbsp;Fhumulani M Mulaudzi,&nbsp;David Ofori-Adjei,&nbsp;Friday Okonofua,&nbsp;Arash Rashidian,&nbsp;Maha El-Adawy,&nbsp;Siaka Sidibé,&nbsp;Abdelmadjid Snouber,&nbsp;James Tumwine,&nbsp;Sahar Yassien Mohammad,&nbsp;Paul Yonga,&nbsp;Lilia Zakhama,&nbsp;Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.2080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.2080","url":null,"abstract":"Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present, and future impacts of climate change. The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction, and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods. These are all linked to physical and mental health problems, with direct and indirect consequences of increased morbidity and mortality. To avoid these catastrophic health effects across all regions of the globe, there is broad agreement— as 231 health journals argued together in 2021—that the rise in global temperature must be limited to less than 1·5C compared with pre-industrial levels. Although the Paris Agreement of 2015 outlines a global action framework that incorporates providing climate finance to developing countries, this support has yet to materialise. COP27 is the fifth Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to be organised in Africa since its inception in 1995. Ahead of this meeting, we—as health journal editors from across the continent—call for urgent action to ensure it is the COP that finally delivers climate justice for Africa and vulnerable countries. This is essential not just for the health of those countries, but also for the health of the whole world. Africa has suffered disproportionately from the climate crisis, although it has done little to cause the crisis. The climate crisis has had an impact on the environmental and social determinants of health across Africa, leading to devastating health effects. Impacts on health can result directly from environmental shocks and indirectly through socially mediated effects. Climatechange-related risks in Africa include flooding, drought, heatwaves, reduced food production, and reduced labour productivity. Droughts in sub-Saharan Africa have tripled between 1970–79 and 2010–19. In 2018, devastating cyclones impacted 2·2 million people in Malawi, Mozambique, and Zimbabwe. In west and central Africa, severe flooding resulted in mortality and forced migration from loss of shelter, cultivated land, and livestock. Changes in vector ecology brought about by floods and damage to environmental hygiene has led to increases in diseases across sub-Saharan Africa, with rises in malaria, dengue fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Lyme disease, Ebola virus disease, West Nile virus, and other infections. Rising sea levels reduce water quality, leading to waterborne diseases, including diarrhoeal diseases, a leading cause of mortality in Africa. Extreme weather damages water and food supply, increasing food insecurity and malnutrition, which causes 1·7 million deaths annually in Africa. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, malnutrition has increased by almost 50% since 2012, owing to the central role agriculture has in African economies. Environ","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"2080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10833699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial DURAClone panels for extending the repertoire of multicolour immunophenotypic panels in an academic flow cytometry laboratory in South Africa.","authors":"Leanne Swart,&nbsp;Melanie Pretorius,&nbsp;Denise Lawrie,&nbsp;Deborah K Glencross","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Commercial multicolour fixed immunophenotyping panels can improve flow cytometric diagnostic immunophenotyping repertoire.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study validated the commercially available, standardised Beckman Coulter lyophilised DURAClone RE panels to discriminate specific haematolymphoid subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the diagnostic capability of the DURAClone acute leukaemia B (ALB), chronic leukaemia B (CLB), and plasma cells (PC) panels to the predicate second-line panels in Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, from April to August 2020. Clinical diagnostic concordance between the in-house second-line immunophenotyping (the predicate method) and DURAClone was established. The ALB panels tested for precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (<i>n</i> = 11) or normal bone marrow haematogones (<i>n</i> = 9); CLB panels established haematolymphoid subtypes of mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPD) (<i>n</i> = 20), while PC panels detected plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) (<i>n</i> = 17). Flow cytometer setup and data interpretation to discriminate normal and aberrant immunophenotypes were per manufacturer's instructions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was 100% clinical diagnostic concordance between the predicate and the test panels for second-line diagnostic investigation of B-ALL (with additional CD56), mature B-LPD (with additional discernment of CD81, ROR-1, CD79b and CD43) and PCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DURAClone CLB exceeded the predicate second-line performance, offering extended second-line diagnostic discernment of mature B-LPD subtypes and discernment of CD5+ B-LPD from other non-CD5+ (or CD5-) B-LPD; likewise, the PC panels enabled discovery of PCD. While ALB testing offered no additional diagnostic advantage over existing predicate investigation, CD58 did offer additional information to discern haematogones from B-ALL.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10371670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of polyethylene glycol 20 000 on protein extraction efficiency of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues in South Africa.","authors":"Sophia Rossouw, Hocine Bendou, Liam Bell, Jonathan Rigby, Alan Christoffels","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1122","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimal protocols for efficient and reproducible protein extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are not yet standardised and new techniques are continually developed and improved. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 20 000 on protein extraction efficiency has not been evaluated using human FFPE colorectal cancer tissues and there is no consensus on the protein extraction solution required for efficient, reproducible extraction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The impact of PEG 20 000 on protein extraction efficiency, reproducibility and protein selection bias was evaluated using FFPE colonic tissue via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted from August 2017 to July 2019 using human FFPE colorectal carcinoma tissues from the Anatomical Pathology department at Tygerberg Hospital in South Africa. Samples were analysed via label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to determine the impact of using PEG 20 000 in the protein extraction solution. Data were assessed regarding peptide and protein identifications, method efficiency, reproducibility, protein characteristics and organisation relating to gene ontology categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polyethylene glycol 20 000 exclusion increased peptides and proteins identifications and the method was more reproducible compared to the samples processed with PEG 20 000. However, no differences were observed with regard to protein selection bias. We found that higher protein concentrations (> 10 µg) compromised the function of PEG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that protocols generating high protein yields from human FFPE tissues would benefit from the exclusion of PEG 20 000 in the protein extraction solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8689371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39772438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a fiercely urgent expansion of laboratory medicine in Africa.","authors":"Iruka N Okeke","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1785","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1785","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8689367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39772437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African countries established COVID-19 testing in one month: Here's how they did it.","authors":"Timothy Amukele,&nbsp;Ryland N Spence","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a novel and deadly acute respiratory syndrome, which later became known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), spread beyond China in late January 2020, there were no laboratories in Africa that could test for the disease. However, in early March, just over a month later, 42 African countries had developed the expertise and resources to perform COVID-19 testing. Our goal was to document this public health success story, learn from it, and use it to inform future public health action.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Three groups were primarily responsible for establishing COVID-19 testing capacity in Africa. The first group comprised early test manufacturers who reacted with incredible speed and ingenuity early in the pandemic, such as the German company TIB MolBiol that developed a molecular test for COVID-19 <i>before</i> the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence was available. The second group included private and public donors such as the Jack Ma Foundation, and the last were the coordinators of the rollout, such as the World Health Organization and the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).</p><p><strong>Lessons learnt: </strong>The first lesson was that speed is critical, especially during a crisis. It was also demonstrated that being a predictable and transparent trusted institution opens doors and improves effectiveness. Africa CDC, which was only three years old, was able to secure significant resources from external partners and rapidly build substantial testing capacity within Africa because it is a trusted institution.</p><p><strong>Recommendations: </strong>Low- and middle-income countries must build local trusted institutions to better prepare for public health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8689357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39877197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Higher proportion of non-classical and intermediate monocytes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Egypt: A possible prognostic marker","authors":"A. Zahran, Hanaa Nafady-Hego, S. Moeen, Hanan A Eltyb, Mohammed M Wahman, A. Nafady","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1713","url":null,"abstract":"[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1296.].","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43471270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between amino acid ratios and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in South Africa.","authors":"Thapelo Mbhele,&nbsp;Donald M Tanyanyiwa,&nbsp;Refilwe J Moepya,&nbsp;Sindeep Bhana,&nbsp;Maya M Makatini","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic kidney disease is a major complication resulting from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Currently, the microalbuminuria test is used to monitor renal function; however, it does not detect albumin until progressive loss of renal function has occurred.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analysed the relationship between changes in amino acid ratios and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Urine samples were collected from participants between February 2019 to April 2019 and analysed from November 2020 to January 2021. Diabetic (glycated haemoglobin > 6.4%) and non-diabetic patients (glycated haemoglobin ≤ 6.4%) from Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, South Africa, were further categorised based on the degree of renal function predicted by the eGFRs. Amino acids were quantified using tandem mass spectrometry to determine the concentrations and ratios of tyrosine/phenylalanine, ornithine/arginine, arginine/citrulline and citrulline/ornithine at different stages of the chronic kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among diabetic patients, the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio showed a statistically significant increase (<i>p</i> = 0.04) as the eGFR declined from stage 1 to stage 4; the ornithine/arginine ratio showed a strong negative correlation with eGFR. The citrulline/ornithine ratio differed between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients in stage 1 of chronic kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Amino acid ratios (ornithine/arginine and tyrosine/phenylalanine) are affected by the progression of diabetes and can be correlated to renal function. The citrulline/ornithine ratios differ between the studied groups in stage 1 of the disease and may be utilised to predict the onset of chronic kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"1398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8678941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39877196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}