Joseph N Enuma, Felix O Sanni, Malau B Matur, Njab E Jean, Tosan Erhabor, Iheukwumere I Egbulefu
{"title":"疟疾是艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的机会性感染吗？- 尼日利亚的经验。","authors":"Joseph N Enuma, Felix O Sanni, Malau B Matur, Njab E Jean, Tosan Erhabor, Iheukwumere I Egbulefu","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1842","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV and malaria interact at the level of the host's susceptibility to infection, but little is known about the effect of HIV on malaria infection in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study estimated the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and its relationship with HIV immunodeficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria between October 2012 and March 2013 among 600 respondents, comprising 200 HIV-negative controls, 200 HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 200 HIV-positive patients not on ART. Malaria parasites, malaria density and absolute CD4 counts were carried out on all three groups. Participants with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> were considered immunocompromised and likely to develop opportunistic infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most study participants were aged 21-40 years (65.2%). The mean CD4 counts of HIV-positive patients not on ART (300 ± 211 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) and those on ART (354 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) were significantly lower than among controls (834 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Malaria prevalence was not statistically different between the controls (44.5%), patients on ART (40.5%), and those not on ART (39.5%) (<i>p</i> = 0.562). Compared to 7% immunodeficiency among controls, 56% of patients on ART and 65.5% of those not on ART had a CD4 count < 350 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among immunodeficient individuals (42.4%) was similar to prevalence among those with CD4 counts > 350 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (40.8%; <i>p</i> = 0.695).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that malaria parasitaemia is not an opportunistic infection among HIV-positive individuals in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724119/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Malaria an opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients? - A Nigerian experience.\",\"authors\":\"Joseph N Enuma, Felix O Sanni, Malau B Matur, Njab E Jean, Tosan Erhabor, Iheukwumere I Egbulefu\",\"doi\":\"10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1842\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV and malaria interact at the level of the host's susceptibility to infection, but little is known about the effect of HIV on malaria infection in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study estimated the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and its relationship with HIV immunodeficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria between October 2012 and March 2013 among 600 respondents, comprising 200 HIV-negative controls, 200 HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 200 HIV-positive patients not on ART. Malaria parasites, malaria density and absolute CD4 counts were carried out on all three groups. Participants with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> were considered immunocompromised and likely to develop opportunistic infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most study participants were aged 21-40 years (65.2%). The mean CD4 counts of HIV-positive patients not on ART (300 ± 211 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) and those on ART (354 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) were significantly lower than among controls (834 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Malaria prevalence was not statistically different between the controls (44.5%), patients on ART (40.5%), and those not on ART (39.5%) (<i>p</i> = 0.562). Compared to 7% immunodeficiency among controls, 56% of patients on ART and 65.5% of those not on ART had a CD4 count < 350 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among immunodeficient individuals (42.4%) was similar to prevalence among those with CD4 counts > 350 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> (40.8%; <i>p</i> = 0.695).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that malaria parasitaemia is not an opportunistic infection among HIV-positive individuals in Nigeria.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":45412,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-11-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724119/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1842\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2022/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1842","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria an opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients? - A Nigerian experience.
Background: HIV and malaria interact at the level of the host's susceptibility to infection, but little is known about the effect of HIV on malaria infection in Nigeria.
Objective: This study estimated the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and its relationship with HIV immunodeficiency.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria between October 2012 and March 2013 among 600 respondents, comprising 200 HIV-negative controls, 200 HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 200 HIV-positive patients not on ART. Malaria parasites, malaria density and absolute CD4 counts were carried out on all three groups. Participants with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm3 were considered immunocompromised and likely to develop opportunistic infections.
Results: Most study participants were aged 21-40 years (65.2%). The mean CD4 counts of HIV-positive patients not on ART (300 ± 211 cells/mm3) and those on ART (354 cells/mm3) were significantly lower than among controls (834 cells/mm3) (p < 0.001). Malaria prevalence was not statistically different between the controls (44.5%), patients on ART (40.5%), and those not on ART (39.5%) (p = 0.562). Compared to 7% immunodeficiency among controls, 56% of patients on ART and 65.5% of those not on ART had a CD4 count < 350 cells/mm3 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among immunodeficient individuals (42.4%) was similar to prevalence among those with CD4 counts > 350 cells/mm3 (40.8%; p = 0.695).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that malaria parasitaemia is not an opportunistic infection among HIV-positive individuals in Nigeria.
期刊介绍：
The African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, the official journal of ASLM, focuses on the role of the laboratory and its professionals in the clinical and public healthcare sectors,and is specifically based on an African frame of reference. Emphasis is on all aspects that promote and contribute to the laboratory medicine practices of Africa. This includes, amongst others: laboratories, biomedical scientists and clinicians, medical community, public health officials and policy makers, laboratory systems and policies (translation of laboratory knowledge, practices and technologies in clinical care), interfaces of laboratory with medical science, laboratory-based epidemiology, laboratory investigations, evidence-based effectiveness in real world (actual) settings.
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