Malaria an opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients? - A Nigerian experience.

IF 1 Q4 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-24 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI:10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1842

Joseph N Enuma, Felix O Sanni, Malau B Matur, Njab E Jean, Tosan Erhabor, Iheukwumere I Egbulefu

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Abstract

Background: HIV and malaria interact at the level of the host's susceptibility to infection, but little is known about the effect of HIV on malaria infection in Nigeria.

Objective: This study estimated the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and its relationship with HIV immunodeficiency.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria between October 2012 and March 2013 among 600 respondents, comprising 200 HIV-negative controls, 200 HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 200 HIV-positive patients not on ART. Malaria parasites, malaria density and absolute CD4 counts were carried out on all three groups. Participants with CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm³ were considered immunocompromised and likely to develop opportunistic infections.

Results: Most study participants were aged 21-40 years (65.2%). The mean CD4 counts of HIV-positive patients not on ART (300 ± 211 cells/mm³) and those on ART (354 cells/mm³) were significantly lower than among controls (834 cells/mm³) (p < 0.001). Malaria prevalence was not statistically different between the controls (44.5%), patients on ART (40.5%), and those not on ART (39.5%) (p = 0.562). Compared to 7% immunodeficiency among controls, 56% of patients on ART and 65.5% of those not on ART had a CD4 count < 350 cells/mm³ (p < 0.001). The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among immunodeficient individuals (42.4%) was similar to prevalence among those with CD4 counts > 350 cells/mm³ (40.8%; p = 0.695).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that malaria parasitaemia is not an opportunistic infection among HIV-positive individuals in Nigeria.

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疟疾是艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的机会性感染吗？- 尼日利亚的经验。

背景：艾滋病毒和疟疾在宿主的感染易感性水平上相互影响，但在尼日利亚，人们对艾滋病毒对疟疾感染的影响知之甚少：本研究估计了疟疾寄生虫血症的发病率及其与 HIV 免疫缺陷的关系：这项横断面研究于 2012 年 10 月至 2013 年 3 月在尼日利亚阿布贾的两家医院进行，共有 600 名受访者，其中包括 200 名 HIV 阴性对照者、200 名接受抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 的 HIV 阳性患者和 200 名未接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的 HIV 阳性患者。对所有三组受访者进行了疟疾寄生虫、疟疾密度和 CD4 绝对计数检测。CD4 细胞计数低于 350 cells/mm3 的参与者被视为免疫力低下，可能会出现机会性感染：大多数研究参与者的年龄在 21-40 岁之间（65.2%）。未接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的艾滋病毒阳性患者的平均 CD4 细胞数（300 ± 211 cells/mm3）和接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的患者的平均 CD4 细胞数（354 cells/mm3）明显低于对照组（834 cells/mm3）（p < 0.001）。疟疾流行率在对照组（44.5%）、接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的患者（40.5%）和未接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的患者（39.5%）之间没有统计学差异（p = 0.562）。与对照组 7% 的免疫缺陷率相比，56% 接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的患者和 65.5% 未接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的患者的 CD4 细胞计数小于 350 cells/mm3（p < 0.001）。免疫缺陷者中疟疾寄生虫血症的流行率（42.4%）与 CD4 细胞计数大于 350 cells/mm3 者的流行率（40.8%；p = 0.695）相似：这些研究结果表明，疟疾寄生虫病并不是尼日利亚艾滋病毒抗体阳性者的机会性感染。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

African Journal of Laboratory Medicine MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL-

CiteScore

1.70

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： The African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, the official journal of ASLM, focuses on the role of the laboratory and its professionals in the clinical and public healthcare sectors,and is specifically based on an African frame of reference. Emphasis is on all aspects that promote and contribute to the laboratory medicine practices of Africa. This includes, amongst others: laboratories, biomedical scientists and clinicians, medical community, public health officials and policy makers, laboratory systems and policies (translation of laboratory knowledge, practices and technologies in clinical care), interfaces of laboratory with medical science, laboratory-based epidemiology, laboratory investigations, evidence-based effectiveness in real world (actual) settings.