Pediatric Reports最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and Public Health Challenge of Handling Synthetic Cathinone and Cannabinoid Abuse in Pediatric Care: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Valerio Ricci, Giuseppe Maina","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010019","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids have emerged as significant public health concerns, particularly in pediatric populations. Marketed under deceptive names such as \"bath salts\" and \"K2/Spice\", these substances pose unique challenges due to their accessibility, potency, and unpredictable effects. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the toxicological effects of synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids in pediatric patients, emphasizing clinical presentations, management challenges, and public health implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases to identify peer-reviewed studies published between January 2010 and September 2024. The selected articles focus on neuropsychiatric, systemic, and management outcomes associated with these substances in individuals aged 0-18 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies demonstrate that synthetic cathinones frequently cause seizures, sympathomimetic toxidrome (tachycardia, hypertension), and neuropsychiatric effects like paranoia and catatonia. Seven studies show synthetic cannabinoids induce psychosis, respiratory depression requiring ventilation in 12% of cases, and cardiovascular complications like myocardial ischemia. One study highlighted severe outcomes in pediatric accidental exposures, emphasizing the unpredictable and life-threatening effects of these substances, often exacerbated by co-ingestion with alcohol or THC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pediatric exposure to synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids results in severe and unpredictable toxicological effects, necessitating tailored clinical management strategies and enhanced diagnostic capabilities. Public health measures, including stringent regulatory controls, targeted education initiatives, and robust surveillance systems, are critical to mitigating these risks. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to safeguard vulnerable pediatric populations from the escalating dangers posed by synthetic drugs, and future research must address the long-term impacts and mechanisms of toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Invasive Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants Presenting to Hospital Following Meningococcal B Immunisation: A Case Series.","authors":"Holly Drummond, Etimbuk Umana, Clare Mills, Thomas Waterfield","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010020","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report the prevalence of invasive bacterial infection (IBI) in febrile infants ≤90 days presenting to hospital within 72 h of meningococcal B (MenB) immunisation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis of data from two previous multicentre studies of febrile infants conducted at UK and Irish hospitals. The first study was a retrospective study, conducted at six sites between 31 August 2018 and 1 September 2019. The second study was a prospective study conducted at 35 sites between 6 July 2022 and 31 August 2023. Febrile infants ≤90 days who had received the MenB vaccine within 72 h preceding presentation were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 102 infants met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 61 days and a male predominance of 65.7%. The most reported clinical features were an abnormal cry, decreased feeding and coryzal symptoms. In total, 68/102 (66.7%) were admitted to hospital; the median length of stay was 1 day. Median C-reactive protein (CRP) was 20.5 mg/L, mean white cell count was 13.7 × 10⁹/L, mean neutrophil count was 7.3 × 10⁹/L and mean lymphocyte count was 4.7 × 10⁹/L. In total, 38/102 (37.3%) had blood cultures performed, 26/102 (25.5%) had respiratory viral testing performed, 55/102 (53.9%) had urine culture performed and 14/102 (13.7%) had lumbar puncture performed. Additionally, 26/102 (25.5%) received parenteral antibiotics. There were no cases of IBI, and 3/102 (2.9%) cases of urinary tract infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of IBI is negligible in febrile infants following MenB immunisations. Current blood tests such as CRP are unreliable in this cohort, as many exhibit a moderate CRP rise above suggested international cut-offs for this age range.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Look at My Body: It Tells of Suffering-Understanding Psychiatric Pathology in Patients Who Suffer from Headaches, Restrictive Eating Disorders, or Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries (NSSIs).","authors":"Diletta Cristina Pratile, Marika Orlandi, Adriana Carpani, Martina Maria Mensi","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by profound physical and psychological transformations, often leading to vulnerabilities such as body dissatisfaction, identity challenges, and the use of maladaptive coping strategies. This often leads to body-related psychopathologies, including headaches, restrictive eating disorders, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The present study aimed to describe the typical functioning and features of these conditions and the differences between the three groups, and to identify the most effective assessment for predicting these conditions. <b>Methods</b>: Sixty adolescent patients (51 female; mean age = 15.34 ± 1.80) were divided into three groups: headaches, restrictive eating disorders, and NSSI, and assessed for differences in symptoms, cognitive performance, personality, functioning, and illness severity using semi-structured interviews, clinician-based scales, and performance-based tests like the Rorschach inkblot test, according to the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). <b>Results</b>: Individuals with headaches experienced more internalizing symptoms, had an average IQ, maintained some functioning areas, and had distorted patterns of self-other relationships with the tendency to project malevolent aspects onto others. Patients with restrictive eating disorders had high levels of depressive symptoms, above-average IQ scores, negative symptoms, moderate presence of obsessive-compulsive personality traits, disorganized thinking, and a tendency to interpret situations subjectively. Patients with NSSI showed the highest level of depressive symptoms and social anxiety symptoms, and a considerable presence of psychotic symptoms and perceptual distortions. Negative symptoms, borderline personality traits, and psychosis symptoms had the strongest predictivity. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study provides clinicians with relevant insights into the features of these conditions and highlights assessment strategies, tailored interventions, and enhanced outcomes for these vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Community and Home Participation and Environmental Factors in Children with Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Turki Aljuhani, Shaden A Alzahrani, Abeer M Aldosary, Lana A Alzamil, Rakan K Alshehri, Afnan S Gmmash, Reem A Albesher","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010017","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are reported to have lower rates of participation in community and home tasks than typically developing children. Little is known about the participation levels of children with CP and the environmental factors influencing their participation in the community within the Saudi context. This study aimed to determine the degree of participation in community and home tasks in children with CP in Saudi Arabia, as well as the level of support received, and the obstacles faced by children in this context. <b>Methods</b>: Parents of 5-16-year-old children with CP (<i>n</i> = 50) completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY), and their scores were compared with those of typically developing children of the same ages (<i>n</i> = 50). This study was conducted in a hospital setting. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling for potential confounders. <b>Results</b>: Participation in community activities as well as home activities was reported to be significantly lower in children with CP compared to their typically developing peers in multiple domains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, physical, cognitive, and social demands were identified as factors that made community participation more difficult for children with CP (<i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>p</i> = 0.017, and <i>p</i> = 0.029 for physical, cognitive, and social demands, respectively). The availability of personal transportation, programs, services, and financial support were identified by parents as the factors that lowered community participation levels in children with CP (<i>p</i> > 0.005). <b>Conclusions</b>: Physical, cognitive, and social demands are the main obstacles to participation for children with CP. A lack of home supplies and financial support lowered the participation of children with CP. Recognizing environmental barriers as well as providing individualized practical solutions in collaboration with the families of children with CP can assist in developing meaningful participation in community and home activities for children with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paliperidone-Induced Massive Asymptomatic Creatine Kinase Elevation in Youth: From a Case Report to Literature Review.","authors":"Aurora Grandioso, Paola Tirelli, Gianmario Forcina, Vittoria Frattolillo, Delia De Biasio, Francesco Giustino Cesaro, Pierluigi Marzuillo, Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice, Anna Di Sessa","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Unlike rhabdomyolysis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), massive asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation (MACKE) represents a condition commonly detected during routine screening in patients receiving antipsychotic drugs. In particular, current evidence indicates a greater incidence of this condition in patients without signs of NMS, rhabdomyolysis, or other causes of CK increase during exposure to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) with a variable onset and duration. Although its pathophysiology is still not fully elucidated, MACKE has usually been recognized as a self-limiting condition, but drug discontinuation might also be required to successfully revert it. Overall, knowledge in this field is mainly extrapolated from adult data, while similar evidence in youths is still limited. As clinicians might often deal with MACKE, its understanding needs to be expanded to avoid misdiagnosis, potentially leading to wasteful healthcare spending and unfavorable patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By reporting the first case of MACKE in an adolescent receiving an SGA, namely paliperidone, we also aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of this medical condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Making a MACKE diagnosis is essential since its relevant clinical and economic implications are mainly related to unnecessary closer laboratory monitoring or therapeutic changes (e.g., drug discontinuation or switch to another medication).</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Risk Factors for Brief Resolved Unexplained Events in Infants.","authors":"Luana Nosetti, Marco Zaffanello, Eliot S Katz, Elisa Morrone, Michele Abramo, Francesca Brambilla, Antonella Cromi, Giorgio Piacentini, Massimo Agosti","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prenatal factors have been implicated in the likelihood of reporting sleep disorders in infants. The influence of prenatal and pregnancy-related factors on the incidence of brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) in infants has not been established.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the prenatal and pregnancy-related factors that may contribute to the development of BRUEs in infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, observational, and cross-sectional cohort study was conducted on mothers of children presenting to the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Insubria's Center for the Study of Respiratory Sleep Disorders with BRUEs as infants. The mothers of typically developing children were enrolled as a control group consecutively at their respective outpatient clinics. All mothers were administered comprehensive questionnaires including demographics, past medical histories, and pregnancy-related issues (weight gain, Berlin sleep-disordered breathing score, and insomnia severity index), psychological symptoms, medical history, illnesses, and medications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infants with BRUEs were delivered at an earlier gestational age. Mothers of infants with BRUEs were more likely to snore during pregnancy and have lower extremity edema during the first trimester, uterine contractions and restless legs syndrome symptoms during the second trimester, and muscle aches and aspirin usage during the third trimester. The insomnia severity index composite score was not different between the control and BRUE groups. Mothers of infants with BRUEs were less likely to report leg cramps, pregnancy-related diarrhea, fatigue, and gastroesophageal reflux.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mothers of infants presenting with BRUEs had more symptoms during pregnancy of snoring and uterine contractions but not insomnia and were less likely to report leg cramps, pregnancy-related diarrhea, fatigue, and gastroesophageal reflux. The reporting of this study conforms with the STROBE statement.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Erik Oudman, Jan W Wijnia, Janice R Bidesie, Mirjam J van Dam, Misha J Oey, Sterre Smits, Maaike van Dorp, Albert Postma","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE), a neurological disorder often linked to alcohol use, can also occur under non-alcoholic conditions, including in pediatric populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review examines 88 pediatric WE cases reported over the past 30 years, encompassing diverse etiologies such as cancer (25 cases), gastrointestinal diseases (19), malnutrition (17), psychiatric disorders (13), obesity surgery (5), renal disease (4), COVID-19 (2), PICU complications (1), hyperemesis gravidarum (1), and a genetic mutation (1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prodromal symptoms included nausea (60%) and vomiting (55%). In total, 37% of the patients received parenteral nutrition without thiamine before WE diagnosis, often progressing to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). Key findings revealed the classic triad of WKS, eye movement disorders (80%), mental status changes (75%), and ataxia (63%), with MRI demonstrating high diagnostic sensitivity (85%). Treatment varied widely; higher parenteral thiamine doses correlated with faster recovery and better outcomes, while insufficient dosages led to adverse effects. Full remission was achieved in 61% of cases, with improved outcomes in more recent reports due to refined dosing protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of early recognition of nausea and vomiting as predictors of pediatric WE and the critical need to incorporate thiamine in parenteral nutrition for children. Optimal dosing remains vital for recovery, particularly in severe cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11859456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrathymic Hemagioma: A Challenging Case Report with Special Focus on the Importance of Its Multidisciplinary Approach.","authors":"Milan Velimirovici, Anca Voichita Popoiu, Simona Cerbu, Calin Marius Popoiu, Florica Ramona Dorobantu, Borislav Dusan Caplar, Eugen Melnic, Anca Maria Cimpean, Larisa Cristina Tomescu, Maria Corina Stanciulescu","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mediastinal hemangiomas, particularly those of thymic origin, are rare phenomena. Due to its rarity, this pathologic condition is not characterized as related to the angiogenic profile of hemangioma endothelial cells. The diagnosis is challenging clinically and radiologically, and biopsies may not yield a definitive answer. Surgical resection offers the material for histologic diagnosis, relieves symptoms, and has a favorable long-term prognosis for such benign tumors. Sometimes, such benign tumors may have aggressive behavior and repeated recurrences but the causes responsible for this unpredictable evolution are not actually known. A case of intrathymic hemangioma diagnosed in a 16-year-old girl is presented here. We focused equally on a multidisciplinary approach to this challenging diagnosis but also on the characterization of the hemangioma endothelial cells profile not previously performed for such type of vascular anomalies. To define an antibodies panel for the evaluation of intrathymic hemangiomas may help in the full characterization of this rare vascular lesion, and subsequently focus on the new therapeutic targets which may be applied for cases with aggressive behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pictorial Review of Paediatric Limp.","authors":"Shashank Chapala, Sahana Giliyaru, Rajesh Botchu, Suvinay Saxena, Karthikeyan P Iyengar, Muthusamy Chandramohan","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A limp is an abnormal, uneven or laboured gait typically resulting from pain, weakness, or structural deformity involving the hip, lower limb, spine or abdominopelvic abnormalities. Limps in children are common and have diverse causes that can be benign to life-threatening including trauma, congenital malformations, and neoplastic diseases. Diagnosis involves identifying gait abnormality thoroughly examining history and physical exam, assessing tenderness and range of motion, and completing targeted lab and radiographic studies. We present an imaging review of various usual and unusual causes of limp in different age groups such as in toddlers (1-3 years), children (4-10 years), and adolescents (11-16 years) with a comprehensive literature review.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Surgical Timing on Outcomes in Neonatal Inguinal Hernia Repairs: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Leen Yahya Alqahtany, Arwa Alsharif, Abdulaziz Alsharif, Omar Alanazi, Manaf Altaf, Ahlam Kaleemullah, Lana Alsaedi, Hanan Ismail Wasaya, Abrar Hassan Alharbi, Osama Bawazir","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is a common surgical procedure among neonates and infants; the time of surgery is one of the major factors affecting its outcomes. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of surgical timing on outcomes in inguinal hernia repairs in the newborn and infant population to establish evidence-based guidelines for optimal surgical timing. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies evaluating neonates and infants undergoing IHR with outcomes of recurrence, complications, and postoperative recovery were included. Data were collaboratively extracted, including patient demographics, surgical approaches, perioperative complications, and long-term outcomes. Early repair (0-28 days of life) decreased the risk of hernia incarceration but also increased the risk of preoperative complications. Delayed repair (29 days to 1 year of life) showed fewer preoperative complications but increased the risk of incarceration. The outcomes were affected by variables including patient maturity and comorbidities, along with hernia severity. Neonates with a high risk for incarceration are best treated with early repair, while stable infants can be managed safely with delayed repair. More randomized trials are needed to develop standardized guidelines that balance the associated risks of neonatal versus infant repair strategies to maximize benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}