Pediatric Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of Nutritional Status on Brain Development: Benefits of Exclusive Breastfeeding.","authors":"Ellen Schavarski Chade, Odonis Rocha Júnior, Nathalia Marçallo Peixoto Souza, Aline Jacoski de Oliveira Krüger da Silva, Luana Mota Ferreira, Jéssica Brandão Reolon, Juliana Sartori Bonini, Fabiane Gomes de Moraes Rego, Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to conduct a narrative review approaching the effects of exclusive breastfeeding on neuropsychomotor development. The goal was to provide evidence-based knowledge to inform healthcare practices and policies and promote optimized infant feeding strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study reviewed the relevant literature from May and June 2024, covering the publication period between 2013 and 2024. The PubMed database was utilized and searched for articles using keywords such as \"Brain\", \"Growth\", \"Development\", and \"Breastfeeding\", employing Boolean operators such as \"AND\", \"OR\", and \"NOT.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our search initially screened 15,412 studies, resulting in 600 articles. Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria and provided relevant information on the topic. Several studies have shown that exclusive breastfeeding and its duration are beneficial for neural development. Research suggests that breastfeeding improves brain architecture, white matter development, and cognitive performance. Additionally, studies indicate that the mother's intake of omega-3 fatty acids can enhance infant brain development, and specific micronutrients in breast milk, such as myo-inositol, may contribute to neural connectivity. Some findings also suggest that the child's sex may play a role in how breast milk benefits the brain. Furthermore, there is evidence of the strong influence of epigenetic compounds on the neurodevelopmental benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This narrative review revealed findings that indicate breast milk has a positive impact on brain development. This emphasizes that breast milk has a positive impact on brain development. It underscores the importance of conducting additional research to understand how breastfeeding specifically influences neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"724-735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare Postoperative Complication of Esophageal Atresia after Open Thoracotomy Repair in Newborn-Lung Torsion: A Case Report.","authors":"Szymon Gryboś, Viera Karaffová, Katarina Klapačová","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this case report, we described a rare complication-lung torsion after esophageal atresia repair in a newborn. Torsion of the lung is a critical condition in which either the entire lung or a lung lobe twists, leading to occlusion of blood vessels and airways. The patient's clinical condition was poor after the primary operation. An emergency thoracotomy showed 180° torsion of the right upper lobe (RUL) and right middle lobe (RML). After detorsion, perioperatively, the lung was gradually reperfused and had a normal appearance. After surgery, the patient was unstable, which culminated in a fatal end (bradycardia, reperfusion injury). Immediate intervention can preserve the affected lung or lung lobe. However, pulmonary torsion typically has a poor prognosis due to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Additionally, diagnosis in the neonatal period is even more challenging because the clinical symptoms are nonspecific. In any case, the question is whether detorsion is the right solution or whether a segmentectomy is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"717-723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Risk Determinants of Neonatal Mortality in the Last Decade: A Systematic Literature Review (2013-2023).","authors":"Msatfa Nabila, Aziz Baidani, Yassmine Mourajid, Milouda Chebabe, Hilali Abderraouf","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyze the determinants of neonatal mortality over the last decade (2013-2023), identifying key factors that have influenced neonatal outcomes both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a systematic literature review approach guided by the PRISMA method, this study evaluates 91 papers collected from indexed databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The review encompasses studies conducted globally, offering insights into the evolution of neonatal mortality research and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on neonatal health. The analysis revealed a complex array of risk determinants, categorized into socioeconomic factors, clinical factors, and healthcare access and quality. Notable factors include rural versus urban healthcare disparities, prenatal and postnatal care quality, and the influence of healthcare infrastructure on neonatal outcomes. This study highlights the shifting focus of neonatal mortality research in response to global health challenges, including the pandemic. The findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary approaches to address neonatal mortality, emphasizing the importance of enhancing healthcare systems, improving maternal education, and ensuring equitable access to quality care. Future research should explore the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on neonatal health and investigate the efficacy of interventions in diverse healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"696-716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Mass Index Changes at 1.5 and 3 Years of Age Affect Adult Body Composition.","authors":"Chiharu Miyayama, Hiromichi Shoji, Yayoi Murano, Kanami Ito, Mizue Saita, Toshio Naito, Hiroshi Fukuda, Toshiaki Shimizu","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood lays the foundation for many outcomes in later life. Recent studies suggest that early childhood development may contribute to lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood; however, there have been few investigations on this association among adults in Japan. Therefore, we examined the relationship between recent physical measurements in adults who underwent health checkups at our university and their physical measurements at birth and during infancy recorded in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook. The median age and body mass index (BMI) of the participants were 36 years and 20.4 kg/m², respectively. BMI at the time of health checkup in adults did not correlate with physical measurements at birth, but it was found to be associated with BMI at 1.5 (regression coefficient (β) 0.53, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and 3 (β 0.7, <i>p</i> < 0.01) years of age. In addition, the waist-to-height ratio in adulthood was also associated with BMI at 1.5 (β 0.01, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and 3 (β 0.01, <i>p</i> < 0.05) years of age. These findings suggest that it is critical to provide appropriate guidance to children with high BMI and their parents during health checkups to prevent lifestyle-related disorders in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"669-677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status Asthmaticus in the Pediatric ICU: A Comprehensive Review of Management and Challenges.","authors":"Amy Joseph, Hammad Ganatra","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030054","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review addresses the significant burden of pediatric status asthmaticus, which comprises almost 20% of admissions to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). It highlights the diverse modalities employed in the PICU for managing this life-threatening condition, and thoroughly discusses the literature in support of or against these treatment modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"644-656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Family Coping Mechanisms in Pediatric Seizure Disorders: From Emergency Room to Long-Term Follow-Up.","authors":"Ada Claudia Silvana Gruescu, Calin Popoiu, Mihaela Codrina Levai, Paula Irina Barata, Caius Glad Streian","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric seizure disorders profoundly impact family dynamics, often escalating stress and impairing coping mechanisms. This study aimed to longitudinally assess the impact of pediatric seizures on family stress and coping, evaluating the efficacy of multidisciplinary follow-up care in enhancing psychological resilience and adaptation. A longitudinal study design was implemented, enrolling children aged 1-18 who presented with a first seizure and received a neurologist's diagnosis at the Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children \"Louis Turcanu,\" Timisoara, Romania. Validated questionnaires, including the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Parental Concerns Questionnaire (PCQ), were employed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Statistical analysis utilized ANOVA and t-tests to evaluate changes in stress and coping outcomes. The study involved 68 families, with significant reductions in stress and anxiety reported over the follow-up period. Initial PSI scores showed high stress levels across various domains: Emotional Stress (59.47) decreased to 50.63 at one year; Parent-Child Communication Difficulties started at 66.03 ± 20.15 and reduced to 56.92 ± 18.74; and Total Family Stress decreased from 65.55 to 55.97. The HADS scores indicated initial anxiety and depression at 8.2 ± 3.1 and 7.1 ± 2.8, respectively, with reductions to 6.8 and 5.9 by the end of the year. The overall HADS score showed a decrease from 15.4 to 12.8. PCQ results mirrored these findings, with Total Score dropping from 9.7 to 7.7. PSS-10 scores declined from 13.5 to 11.3, with a significant reduction in the positive sub-score. The proactive, multidisciplinary care approach significantly reduced stress and enhanced coping mechanisms in families dealing with pediatric seizures. The decreases in stress, anxiety, and depression scores highlight the potential for integrated care models to improve long-term outcomes in these families. These findings support the continued development of targeted interventions to aid in the management of chronic pediatric conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"657-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes and Skills in Basic Life Support after Two Types of Training: Traditional vs. Gamification, of Compulsory Secondary Education Students: A Simulation Study.","authors":"Adrián Rodríguez-García, Giovanna Ruiz-García, Rubén Navarro-Patón, Marcos Mecías-Calvo","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030053","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is recommended to implement the teaching of Basic Life Support (BLS) in schools; however, studies on the best training method are limited and have been a priority in recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze the attitudes and practical skills learned during BLS training using a gamified proposal. A comparative study was carried out, consisting of Compulsory Secondary Education students [control group (CG; classical teaching) and experimental group (EG; gamified proposal)]. The instruments used were the CPR and AED action sequence observation sheet, data from the Laerdal Resusci Anne manikin and AED and Attitude Questionnaire towards Basic Life Support and the Use of the Automated External Defibrillator. Sixty-eight students (33 girls) with a mean age of 13.91 ± 0.70 years were recruited. Results were significantly better in the EG (n = 37) [i.e., breathing control (<i>p</i> = 0.037); call to emergency services (<i>p</i> = 0.049); mean compression depth (<i>p</i> = 0.001); self-confidence (<i>p</i> = 0.006); intention to perform BLS and AED (<i>p</i> = 0.002)]; and significantly better in the CG (n = 31) [Total percentage of CPR (<i>p</i> < 0.001); percentage of correct compression (<i>p</i> < 0.001); time to apply effective shock with AED (<i>p</i> < 0.001); demotivation (<i>p</i> = 0.005). We can conclude that the group that was trained with the training method through the gamified proposal presents better intentions and attitudes to act in the event of cardiac arrest than those of the classic method. This training method allows for similar results in terms of CPR and AED skills to classical teaching, so it should be taken into account as a method for teaching BLS to secondary education students.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"631-643"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Simultaneous Energy Drink and Alcohol Consumption in Young Adults: A Review of Case Reports.","authors":"Victor Azarm, Jan-Philipp Link, Guido Mandilaras, Pengzhu Li, Robert Dalla-Pozza, André Jakob, Nikolaus Alexander Haas, Felix Sebastian Oberhoffer, Meike Schrader","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030052","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: The aim of this review was to identify and summarize adverse cardiovascular health events associated with the simultaneous consumption of energy drinks (ED) and alcohol. Potential prevention strategies and the implementation of research toward the underlying mechanisms for these pathologies were highlighted to emphasize the need for further investigation and to encourage more attention to this field. (2) Methods: The PubMed database was searched for case reports linked with adverse cardiovascular events after simultaneous ED and alcohol consumption. Inclusion criteria were: the reported age of the patient is between 16 and 35 years and confirmed co-consumption of EDs and alcohol. All relevant articles that met the inclusion criteria were fully read and all relevant data was extracted. The extracted data was summarized and presented in this review of cases. (3) Results: In total, 10 cases were identified. The analysis showed that mainly young adults (median age = 24.5 years), in particular men (80%) were affected. The three parts of the cardiovascular system affected were heart rhythm (42%), myocardial function (33%), and coronary arteries (25%). In 3 cases the outcome was fatal. Moreover, preexisting health conditions and/or potential trigger factors were present in 60% of selected cases. (4) Conclusions: This review of case reports suggests that the simultaneous consumption of EDs and alcohol can lead to adverse cardiovascular health events and even incidents with fatal outcomes were reported. Potential trigger factors and preexisting health conditions seem to increase the probability of adverse cardiovascular health events. Consumers should be informed about the potential risks and follow responsible consumption behavior to prevent future health events. More systematic studies are needed to determine the acute effects on the cardiovascular system in young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"618-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquired Zinc Deficiency in Preterm Infant Post-Surgery for Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) on Prolonged Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).","authors":"Mansour Al Qurashi, Hadeel Mohammad, Syed Sameer Aga, Ahmed Mustafa, Jubara Alallah, Mohammed Al Hindi, Mohammed Al Harbi, Mohammed Hasosah","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030046","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc (Zn) is a vital trace element that plays a pivotal role in protein synthesis, cellular growth, and differentiation and is involved as a cofactor of metalloenzymes, performing a wide variety of metabolic, immune, and synthesis roles. Zn is required at all stages of an infant's and child's development, and severe Zn deficiency has been reported to lead to slower physical, cognitive, and sexual growth. Preterm neonates are at a higher risk of developing zinc deficiency for a variety of reasons, including low Zn intake from enteral feeds containing breast milk, relative malabsorption due to immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract with limited absorptive capacity, increased urinary loss of zinc, and increased demand during the early developmental stages. Moreover, premature infants are at risk of gastrointestinal diseases like necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which can limit absorption capacity and potentially lead to malabsorption. TPN is frequently used in preterm infants to provide them with sufficient nutrients and calories. However, it has its own complications, including cholestasis, especially if used for prolonged periods. In this case report, we are presenting the case of a male preterm infant who was delivered by caesarean section at 26 weeks' gestation. The baby developed an intestinal perforation due to NEC, for which he underwent surgery for resection of the necrotic bowel and the creation of a high ileal stoma and was put on prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN), which led to the development of zinc deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"551-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is It Safe to Operate without Frozen Section Biopsies in Short-Segment Hirschsprung's Disease? An Overview of 60 Cases.","authors":"Isber Ademaj, Nexhmi Hyseni, Naser Gjonbalaj","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030045","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Advancements in surgical management in a single-stage procedure made intraoperative frozen section biopsies critical for determining of level of resection to avoid the potential risk of leaving a retained aganglionic segment. However, in most low-income countries, due to the lack of this facility, the surgeon's intraoperative judgment is used for the determination of the resection level. <b>Objective:</b> This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of determining the level of bowel resection in short-segment Hirschsprung's disease based on macroscopic changes. <b>Materials and methods:</b> Intraoperative macroscopic evaluations were assessed using postoperative microscopic findings to determine whether the surgeons' intraoperative judgments were accurate in determining the level of bowel resection in 60 cases of operated short-segment Hirschsprung's disease. In addition, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine whether the sensitivity and specificity of both methods were significantly correlated. <b>Results:</b> The microscopic results showed that the level of resection based on the macroscopic evaluation was performed in normally ganglionated segment in cases of short-segment Hirschsprung's disease. <b>Conclusions:</b> Macroscopic intraoperative assessment by an experienced surgeon is highly accurate method of determining the level of bowel resection in short-segment HSCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"16 3","pages":"542-550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11270215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}