Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16040078
Mattia Dominoni, Barbara Gardella, Arsenio Spinillo
{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Pregnancy: An Obstetrics View.","authors":"Mattia Dominoni, Barbara Gardella, Arsenio Spinillo","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents one of the most prevalent causes of lower respiratory tract infection in newborns and children by the time they are two years old, with a peak rate of hospitalization in those between two and three months of age and a high risk of morbidity and mortality, especially under the age of six months of life [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16040077
Saja Radhi G Alanazi, Haneen Wadi H Alanazi, Wasan Ghathwan Alanazi, Nawal Surhuj Q Alanazi, Dareen Owaid B Alenezi, Maisa Al-Sweilem, Maram Hassan Alqattan, Iftikhar Lafi N Alanazi, Jumanah Mohammed Tirksstani, Reem Saeed AlSarhan, Saleh Ghulaysi, Hanan A Elgendy, Manal S Fawzy
{"title":"Parents' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Pediatric Ophthalmic Disorders in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Saja Radhi G Alanazi, Haneen Wadi H Alanazi, Wasan Ghathwan Alanazi, Nawal Surhuj Q Alanazi, Dareen Owaid B Alenezi, Maisa Al-Sweilem, Maram Hassan Alqattan, Iftikhar Lafi N Alanazi, Jumanah Mohammed Tirksstani, Reem Saeed AlSarhan, Saleh Ghulaysi, Hanan A Elgendy, Manal S Fawzy","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recognizing pediatric eye health issues at an early stage, along with ensuring that parents are well informed, is crucial. This study measures parents' knowledge and perspectives on pediatric ophthalmic disease. The study utilized a cross-sectional design, and participants included Saudi parents of children residing in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire with a scoring system. Sociodemographic characteristics and factors associated with knowledge/attitude were collected and analyzed. Initially, 425 respondents participated in this study. Excluding the participants whose work was related to healthcare and those with incomplete data yielded 370 responses on which the subsequent analyses were performed. The analysis revealed that only half of the parents recognized the need for annual eye examinations for children. Most of them showed gaps in knowledge regarding the frequency of routine eye exams and indicators of visual problems. Notably, parents with good/excellent knowledge were more proactive in their eye care practices, such as adherence to recommended eye examination schedules and accepting corrective measures like glasses for common conditions such as refractive errors and amblyopia. However, parental willingness to permit surgical interventions did not correlate significantly with their level of knowledge, signaling the influence of other factors. In conclusion, this study underscores the need for enhanced public health education to improve parental awareness of pediatric eye diseases in Saudi Arabia. Given the link between knowledge and proactive eye health practices, targeted interventions should distribute comprehensive, culturally sensitive information accessible to all demographics.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16040076
Giulia Paterno, Vito Di Tullio, Rosa Carella, Giada De Ruvo, Fabrizio Furioso, Aleksandra Skublewska-D'Elia, Donatella De Giovanni, Albina Tummolo
{"title":"Growth Parameters and Prevalence of Obesity in PKU Patients and Peers: Is This the Right Comparison?","authors":"Giulia Paterno, Vito Di Tullio, Rosa Carella, Giada De Ruvo, Fabrizio Furioso, Aleksandra Skublewska-D'Elia, Donatella De Giovanni, Albina Tummolo","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the main objectives of Phenylketonuria (PKU) management is represented by optimising the growth trend under restricted protein diet regimen. The data on long-term growth in PKU children are limited and mostly based on earlier studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data for this twelve-year longitudinal study were collected from 34 PKU children and 37 healthy peers, whose auxological parameters were taken at 7 time-points over the follow-up. The weight-for-length ratio (WLR) z-score and body mass index (BMI) z-score were considered according to age. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was evaluated at last assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median BMI z-score of PKU children was normal and not statistically different from that of controls on all the seven time-point assessments. Their distributions tended to be wider than those of peers, with the upper limit exceeding the normal range since 12 months old, with a peak specifically at 3 years of age. In controls, there was a tendency to approach the BMI z-score values of overweight in later childhood. The prevalence of overweight was comparable (29% vs. 25%, <i>p</i>: 0.78) between the two groups at last assessment, and obese subjects (3/37) were only detected in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, we report data from a long-term follow-up on growth, highlighting that the median BMI z-score of PKU children was normal and not statistically different from that of controls. Also, the prevalence of obesity at 12 years of age was overlapping. However, the high prevalence of overweight children in the general population may explain the lack of difference and does not reassure about patients' nutritional risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16040075
Manuel-Ramón Morte-Soriano, Manuel Soriano-Ferrer
{"title":"Beyond Reading: Psychological and Mental Health Needs in Adolescents with Dyslexia.","authors":"Manuel-Ramón Morte-Soriano, Manuel Soriano-Ferrer","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overall, children and adolescents diagnosed with dyslexia or ADHD show an increased risk for psychological and mental health problems, and dyslexia and ADHD tend to coexist frequently. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine psychological and mental health problems in dyslexia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participated 95 adolescents with dyslexia (DG), comorbid dyslexia + attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined subtype (D + ADHD-CG), and a comparison group with typical development (TDCG). Self-reported measures of anxiety and depression, and parent and teacher versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-reports of internalizing problems showed that adolescents in the GD and D + ADHD-CG groups had more depression and stated anxiety problems with a very high percentage above the clinical cut-off point than the CG. Both the parent and teacher reports showed that the DG and D + ADHD-CG groups obtained higher mean values and a higher number of adolescents above the clinical cut-off of internalizing, externalizing, and total problems than the TDCG. The comorbid D + ADHD-CG group had the highest internalizing and externalizing problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, our findings indicate that the internalizing and externalizing problems experienced by adolescents with dyslexia and comorbid ADHD should be recognized early and treated promptly by education professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16040074
Jack Yang, Maria C Mejia, Lea Sacca, Charles H Hennekens, Panagiota Kitsantas
{"title":"Trends in Marijuana Use among Adolescents in the United States.","authors":"Jack Yang, Maria C Mejia, Lea Sacca, Charles H Hennekens, Panagiota Kitsantas","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Marijuana is a widely used substance in the United States (US) and worldwide. We explored trends in self-reported marijuana use among US adolescents overall as well as by gender, race/ethnicity, and school grade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Biennial data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 2011 to 2021 included 88,183 adolescents in grades 9th through 12th. We used percentage change as a measure of effect and the chi-square test for significance. All analyses were conducted at the national level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of adolescents who reported current marijuana use dropped significantly from 23.1% in 2011 to 15.8% in 2021 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The self-report of trying marijuana for the first time before age 13 also decreased significantly from 8.1% in 2011 to 4.9% in 2021 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). For current use, there were similar significant decreases by race/ethnicity, with Asian, Hispanic, and White adolescents experiencing the steepest declines. In 2021, the percentage of Black adolescents self-reporting marijuana use was significantly higher (20.5%) compared to White (14.8%), Hispanic (16.7%), and Asian (5.1%) adolescents. Although current marijuana use declined significantly for both girls and boys over time, in 2021 girls were more likely (17.8%) to currently use marijuana than boys (13.6%). In 2011, the opposite was true, with boys (25.9%) being more likely to use marijuana than girls (20.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In US adolescents in 2021, there were decreases in self-reports of marijuana use compared to 2011. Behavioral interventions within school and family environments may be critical in mitigating the risk of marijuana use.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16040073
Ryan P Jacobson, Rebecca R Dobler
{"title":"Embedding Physical Therapy in the Pediatric Primary Care Setting: Qualitative Analysis of Pediatricians' Insights on Potential Collaborative Roles and Benefits.","authors":"Ryan P Jacobson, Rebecca R Dobler","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing need for collaborative healthcare teams to meet complex health challenges has led to physical therapists (PTs) being embedded in adult primary care settings for many years now. However, this model of care has not been found in pediatrics. This qualitative study sought to gain insights from pediatricians on the potential of embedding pediatric PTs in primary care. Participants were nine pediatricians practicing in both urban and rural, hospital-based and private settings. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed via thematic analysis per published methods, assuring trustworthiness. Three overarching themes emerged: pediatricians' priorities aligned with the Quadruple Aim of Healthcare, embedded PTs could fill multiple roles in pediatrics, and they could see a wide variety of patients, highlighting real potential benefits in primary care. Participants endorsed in-office focused treatments, screening to determine optimal care pathways, and ongoing patient follow-up as potential PT roles in this setting. Providers thought that PTs could help manage care for musculoskeletal complaints, high-risk infants, medically complex children, autism, and obesity. An advanced-trained PT having attributes of confidence, adaptability, and open-mindedness was desired. All participants endorsed pediatric primary care PTs as having potentially high value in their practice. This is the first known study on the potential of embedding a PT in the pediatric primary care setting, offering valuable insights from pediatricians to be leveraged in implementation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16040072
Virginia Fancello, Andrea Ciorba, Daniele Monzani, Elisabetta Genovese, Francesco Bussu, Silvia Palma
{"title":"Acute Onset of Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy in Children: An Overview.","authors":"Virginia Fancello, Andrea Ciorba, Daniele Monzani, Elisabetta Genovese, Francesco Bussu, Silvia Palma","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b> The facial nerve (FN) plays a pivotal role in human life; apart from its sensory and parasympathetic functions, it innervates the facial muscles, and it is therefore involved in non-verbal communication, allowing us to express emotions and reactions. Especially in the case of childhood onset, FN dysfunction can severely affect the quality of life. <b>Methods</b> The aim of this review is to analyze the most recent literature, focusing on the acute onset of peripheral FN palsy among pediatric patients, discussing the different etiologies, prognoses, and management strategies. A total of 882 papers were initially identified, but only 7 met the selection criteria. Therefore, data on 974 children in total were pooled and analyzed. <b>Results</b> According to the findings of this review, FN palsy is idiopathic in most cases, while an infective etiology was identified as the second most common. The main pathogen agents identified were Borrelia Burgdorferi, especially in endemic areas, and Herpesviridae. Respiratory tract infections and/or ear infections were also described. Head trauma or direct injury of the FN accounted for 2% of all cases. <b>Conclusions</b> The overall FN recovery rate is high, even though the etiology remains unknown for most patients. Therapeutic indications are still lacking, especially in the case of non-recovering FN palsy. In our opinion, large, prospective studies are necessary for improving our knowledge of this disorder and establishing evidence-based approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complicated Pneumonia in a Child: Hydropneumothorax Associated with MIS-C and GAS Superinfection.","authors":"Snezhina Lazova, Nadzhie Gorelyova-Stefanova, Yoanna Slabakova, Iren Tzotcheva, Elena Ilieva, Dimitrina Miteva, Tsvetelina Velikova","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A hydropneumothorax is an uncommon complication of pneumonia, particularly in pediatric patients, and typically arises secondary to conditions such as malignancies, esophageal-pleural fistula, thoracic trauma, or thoracocentesis. While pneumothorax is rarely reported in adults with COVID-19 and is even less common in children, isolated cases have been noted in those with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). A recent alert has also been issued about increased Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in Europe. Against this background, the primary aim of this case report is to describe a rare and severe complication of pneumonia in a previously healthy child with MIS-C and a positive throat culture for GAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16040070
Timea Elisabeta Brandibur, Nilima Rajpal Kundnani, Kakarla Ramakrishna, Alexandra Mederle, Aniko Maria Manea, Marioara Boia, Marius Calin Popoiu
{"title":"Comparison of One-Year Post-Operative Evolution of Children Born of COVID-19-Positive Mothers vs. COVID-19-Negative Pregnancies Having Congenital Gastrointestinal Malformation and Having Received Proper Parenteral Nutrition during Their Hospital Stay.","authors":"Timea Elisabeta Brandibur, Nilima Rajpal Kundnani, Kakarla Ramakrishna, Alexandra Mederle, Aniko Maria Manea, Marioara Boia, Marius Calin Popoiu","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16040070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The long-term effects on neonates born of COVID-19-positive pregnancies are still unclear. Congenital gastrointestinal malformations (CGIMs) often require urgent surgical intervention and antibiotic coverage. We aim to compare the health status at one-year post-surgical follow-up of cases of CGIM born of COVID-19-positive pregnancies to those of non-COVID-19 pregnancies. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a comparative, observational study of 41 patients who underwent surgery at our hospital for congenital gastrointestinal malformations in 2022. They were initially treated with antibiotics and parenteral nutrition, which was later replaced with enteral nutrition gradually after the surgery. We then analyzed the data related to their growth and development during their 12-month follow-up visit at our outpatient clinic. We classified the children born of COVID-19-positive mothers as Group 1 (<i>n</i> = 14) and those born of mothers without COVID-19 symptoms or with unconfirmed status as Group 2 (<i>n</i> = 33). <b>Results:</b> Forty-one patients showed up for a one-year follow-up (between 11 and 13 months of life). Hence, the final Group 1 comprised 12 and Group 2 comprised 29 children. The patients were categorized based on their anatomical location. Of the cohort, 56.09% were preemies, and 43.91% were full-term newborns. We used seven parameters to evaluate both groups based on growth and developmental milestones: verbal skills, cognitive development, weight gain, height achieved, fine motor movements, gross motor movements, and social/emotional behavior. Group 1 children showed a significant decrease in height and weight compared to Group 2 children. In Group 1, 83.33% of patients were prescribed antibiotics, while only 10.34% in Group 2 were in the same situation. There were no cases of malabsorption syndrome in Group 2, but 16.66% of patients in Group 1 had it, with patients being operated on for duodenal malformations. None of the infants had necrotizing enterocolitis, post-surgical complications, or sepsis. All the children received antibiotics to prevent infection before and after surgery. No mortality was noted. <b>Conclusions:</b> In our one-year follow-up study, it was seen that even after surgical correction of congenital gastrointestinal malformations, children born of COVID-19-positive pregnancies can suffer serious growth and developmental delays, and gastrointestinal health issues might be more common. Since the long-term effects of COVID-19-positive pregnancies are not yet clear, larger cohort-based studies are required in this domain. Antibiotics destroy gut microbiota, especially in cases of gastrointestinal malformations and surgical resections. Growth and developmental milestones can not only be affected by CGIMs but also be further delayed by COVID-19 infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric ReportsPub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16030069
Amy T Wang, Shuan Dai
{"title":"Preferred Treatment Patterns of Retinopathy of Prematurity: An International Survey.","authors":"Amy T Wang, Shuan Dai","doi":"10.3390/pediatric16030069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric16030069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper assesses the preferred treatment patterns for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and examine trends in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) use for ROP. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective survey consisting of 14 questions was distributed to paediatric ophthalmology interest groups internationally. Main outcome measures included treatment patterns, proportion of anti-VEGF use in different stages of ROP; and comparison of first-line treatments as well as repeat anti-VEGF treatments. <b>Results</b>: Fifty-four ophthalmologists from 11 different countries responded to the survey. The number of respondents per question, except one, ranged between 50-54. Per annum, there was an average number of 394 infants screened by each respondent. Anti-VEGF was the preferred treatment method for aggressive (A)-ROP (64.1%), Type 1 ROP in zone 1 (71.7%), and Type 1 ROP in posterior zone 2 (56.6%). The majority used laser as the first-line treatment of Type 1 ROP in anterior zone 2 (73.6%) and Type 1 ROP in zone 3 (79.2%). Laser was the preferred treatment modality utilised in infants requiring repeat treatment following anti-VEGF injection. The preferred anti-VEGF agent was bevacizumab administered at a dose of 0.625 mg. <b>Conclusions</b>: Anti-VEGF as first-line therapy has been increasing. Anti-VEGF appears to be the first-line treatment of choice for A-ROP, Type 1 ROP in zone 1 and posterior zone 2 and laser for Type 1 ROP in anterior zone 2 and zone 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}