Pediatric Reports最新文献

{"title":"Quality of Life and Psychological Functioning in Children with PFAPA Syndrome.","authors":"Xosé Ramón García-Soto, Maria Isabel Villanueva-Alameda, Jessica Fernández-Solana, Jerónimo J González-Bernal, Arancha Bernal-Jiménez, Lara Santos-Martín, Juan García-Mellado, Sara Calvo-Simal, Rodrigo Vélez-Santamaría","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17030051","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pediatric17030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study analyzes the impact of PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the psychological functioning of children and adolescents aged 2 to 1 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 62 participants (31 males and 31 females) diagnosed with PFAPA. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Family Impact Module scale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were used to assess psychological functioning and HRQoL, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants exhibited predominantly low HRQoL, particularly in physical health and emotional functioning. School functioning was also affected. However, social functioning and family relationships showed more favorable scores. A positive correlation was observed between age and emotional symptoms. Family concern was the most significantly impacted aspect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PFAPA syndrome has a significant impact on the HRQoL of affected children and adolescents, particularly in physical and emotional aspects. A holistic approach is necessary for disease management, considering not only physical symptoms but also psychosocial and academic factors, as well as the impact on the family.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health, Psychological Features and Psychiatric Comorbidity of Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis: A Review.","authors":"Liborija Lugović-Mihić, Dora Bukal, Lorena Dolački, Lucija Zanze, Ema Barac, Renata Tomašević, Maja Vilibić","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Adolescence is a sensitive period of development marked by significant changes. The quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) can be substantially impacted by the disease. The chronic nature of AD is particularly significant: due to recurring (relapsing) skin lesions, adolescents are likely exposed to greater stress and depressive symptoms than those experiencing transient or one-time symptoms. Aesthetic and functional AD skin lesions during adolescence lead to reduced happiness, high stress and depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this review, we wanted to present the current knowledge on mental health, psychological features and psychiatric comorbidity of adolescents with AD, based on the previous studies/research on this topic presented in the PubMed database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Previous studies have confirmed that sleep disturbances, behavioral disorders, internalizing profiles, depression and anxiety, stress symptoms and suicidality represent the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities and psychological features in adolescents with AD. According to research data, adolescents with AD also reported a tendency toward feelings of sadness and hopelessness, and even suicidal thoughts and attempts. The relationship between sleep disturbances, psychiatric disorders, and suicidality in adolescents with AD is complex and multifaceted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adequate social competencies are essential for healthy mental development, as their impairments may be associated with psychological alterations or psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence that potentially persist into adulthood. These findings highlight the need for continuous psychological evaluation and the implementation of intervention programs from an early age. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, accompanied by psychopharmaceuticals, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (when indicated), seem to be the most beneficial treatment options in AD patients who have the most frequent psychiatric comorbidities: depression and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality as a Tool for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Rett Syndrome: Reducing Stereotypies and Improving Motor Skills.","authors":"Rosa Angela Fabio, Martina Semino, Michela Perina, Matteo Martini, Emanuela Riccio, Giulia Pili, Danilo Pani, Manuela Chessa","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that causes the loss of motor, communicative, and cognitive skills. While no cure exists, rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving quality of life. Virtual Reality (VR) has shown promise in enhancing motor function and reducing stereotypic behaviors in RTT. This study aims to assess the impact of VR training on upper limb motor skills in RTT patients, focusing on reaching and hand-opening tasks, as well as examining its role in motivation and engagement during rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty RTT patients (aged 5-33) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (VR training) and a control group (standard rehabilitation). Pre- and post-tests evaluated motor skills and motivation in both VR and real-world contexts. The VR training involved 40 sessions over 8 weeks, focusing on fine motor tasks. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated significant improvements in the experimental group for motor parameters, including reduced stereotypy intensity and frequency, faster response times, and increased correct performance. These improvements were consistent across VR and ecological conditions. Moreover, attention time increased, while the number of aids required decreased, highlighting enhanced engagement and independence. However, motivation levels remained stable throughout the sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the potential of VR as a tool for RTT rehabilitation, addressing both motor and engagement challenges. Future research should explore the customization of VR environments to maximize the generalization of skills and sustain motivation over extended training periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Neonatal Mortality in Nepal's Remote Regions: A Narrative Review of Challenges, Disparities, and the Role of Helping Babies Breathe (HBB).","authors":"Victoria Jane Kain, Ranjan Dhungana, Animesh Dhungana","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nepal's diverse geography creates significant challenges for healthcare accessibility, particularly for neonatal care. Rural areas, especially in the mountainous regions, face severe healthcare gaps due to isolation, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of skilled staff. Strengthening healthcare in these underserved regions is essential to reducing neonatal mortality. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) is a neonatal resuscitation training program designed to reduce neonatal mortality due to birth asphyxia in low-resource settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search identified studies on neonatal mortality and interventions, particularly HBB, which were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. This review examines disparities in neonatal health outcomes, regional differences, and barriers to healthcare access.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>This review identifies key themes related to healthcare disparities, neonatal mortality, and birth outcomes in Nepal's remote regions. Geographical isolation, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and cultural barriers contribute to persistently high neonatal mortality, particularly in mountainous areas such as Jumla and Dolpa, where rates exceed 60 per 1000 live births. HBB has shown a significant impact, reducing neonatal mortality by up to 60% when effectively implemented. However, infrastructural gaps, lack of emergency transport, and the uneven distribution of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) remain critical challenges. Addressing these disparities requires expanded training, increased availability of neonatal resuscitation equipment, and culturally sensitive healthcare strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gollop-Wolfgang Complex: A Case Report.","authors":"Jun-Bum Kim, Byung-Ryul Lee, Jong-Seok Park, Chang-Hwa Hong, Sai-Won Kwon, Woo-Jong Kim, Soon-Do Wang, Dong-Woo Lee, Kyeung-Min Nam, Ki-Jin Jung","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The Gollop-Wolfgang complex is a rare congenital limb deformity characterized by a bifid femur, tibial hemimelia, and ectrodactyly of the hand. First described in 1980, fewer than 200 cases have been reported globally, with an estimated incidence of 1:1,000,000 live births. <b>Case Presentation</b>: We report a 2-month-old female infant with classic features of the Gollop-Wolfgang complex, including a left bifid femur, complete absence of the left tibia, and contralateral tetradactyly. A clinical examination revealed significant limb length discrepancy, knee instability, equinovarus foot deformity, and skeletal abnormalities confirmed by imaging studies. Extensive investigations, including echocardiography and genetic testing, excluded systemic anomalies and identified non-pathogenic variants in the Collagen Type XI Alpha 2 (COL11A2) and EVC2 genes. A surgical resection of the bifid femur was performed. <b>Results</b>: This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach in managing the Gollop-Wolfgang complex. While our case presented with typical features, subtle variations highlight the phenotypic spectrum of the condition. The combination of tibial hemimelia and bifid femur frequently necessitates knee disarticulation due to the absence of a viable tibial anlage, while limb salvage techniques remain challenging. A genetic evaluation identified variants of uncertain significance in the COL11A2 and EVC2 genes, indicating that the genetic basis of the condition is not fully understood. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings emphasize the need for continued genetic research to clarify the etiology of the Gollop-Wolfgang complex and to improve treatment strategies, particularly in refining surgical approaches and exploring new therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Cognitive and Motor Training Improves Reading, Writing and Motor Coordination in Dyslexic Children.","authors":"Amal Ben Dhia, Maria-Pia Bucci, Chokri Naffeti, Helmi Ben Saad, Omar Hammouda, Tarak Driss","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Different strategies were proposed to enhance dyslexic children's performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined cognitive and motor training on reading, writing, and motor coordination in dyslexic children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four children with dyslexia (9.33 ± 0.48 years) were randomly allocated to either a Control (CG, 9.25 ± 0.45 years, n = 12) or a Trained Group (TG, 9.42 ± 0.51 years, n = 12). The intervention lasted eight weeks with a pre/post measurement (Δ) design in each group. It consisted of a combined cognitive and motor program composed of two 45 min sessions per week in TG. Reading and writing capabilities were measured using the word reading task based on the French battery (BALE) and the word dictation task, inspired by the ODÉDYS-2 French battery, respectively. The visuospatial orientation and the upper limb coordination parameters were evaluated using the Judgment of Line Orientation Test and Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency, second edition, short form test, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures showed no significant difference between CG and TG in pre-intervention in all tests. Reading (<i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 1.19, Δ% = 15.07) and writing (<i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 1.13, Δ% = 19.69) scores increased significantly at post-compared to preintervention in the TG group. Comparable results were obtained in the visuospatial orientation (<i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 0.97, Δ% = 63.50) and the upper limb coordination (<i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 0.69, Δ% = 110.42) scores. No significant change was observed in CG comparing pre/post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A combined cognitive and motor training program could allow better cerebellar integration, leading to the improvement in reading, writing, and motor abilities in children with dyslexia. Further studies on a larger number of dyslexic children will be necessary to explore such issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Penguin Study: A Randomised, Double-Blinded, Equivalence Trial on the Safety and Suitability of an Infant Formula with Partially Hydrolysed 100% Whey Protein.","authors":"Lindsey Otten, Antonia Nomayo, Caroline Gunn, Maher Fuad, Barbara Kuhn-Sherlock, Sophie Gallier, Elisabeth Schelker, Janine Foster, Frank Jochum","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to demonstrate the safety and suitability of an infant formula manufactured from partially hydrolysed whey protein (PHF) compared to standard formula manufactured from intact cow's milk proteins (IPF; whey-casein ratio, 60:40) in healthy term infants. <b>Methods:</b> This multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial included infants of mothers who intended to exclusively formula feed. Infants ≤ 28 days of age received PHF or IPF for at least 90 and up to 180 days. A group of exclusively breastfed infants was included for reference. The safety evaluation consisted of an equivalence analysis of weight gain within +/-3 g/d after 90 days, further growth parameters, and adverse events. <b>Results:</b> Of the 249 infants randomised, 143 (76 IPF; 67 PHF), as well as 45 breastfed infants, completed the study per protocol. The mean difference in daily weight gain between the formula groups was within the equivalence margins (-2.4 g/d (95% CI 0.3-4.5)) with estimated means (SEM) of 34.9 (0.78) g/d (IPF) and 32.5 (0.76) g/d (PHF). No significant differences in weight gain, length, and head circumference or in the number, severity, or type of adverse events were observed. Comparable growth patterns were observed in the breastfed group. <b>Conclusions:</b> The PHF is safe and supports adequate infant growth with a daily weight gain non-inferior to a standard IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Pediatric Chest Compressions: A Randomized Crossover Simulation Trial of Over-the-Head vs. Lateral Techniques.","authors":"Malgorzata Kietlinska, Wojciech Wieczorek, Michal Pruc, Lukasz Szarpak, Grazyna Nowak-Starz, Wojciech Flieger, Burak Katipoglu, Monika Tomaszewska","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Pediatric cardiac arrest poses considerable obstacles, with survival rates markedly inferior to those of adults. Effective chest compressions are essential for enhancing outcomes; nevertheless, the ideal rescuer attitude is still ambiguous. This study sought to compare the efficacy of lateral (LAT) and over-the-head (OTH) chest compression techniques in pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to ascertain whether OTH presents a viable alternative to the conventional LAT method by assessing compression quality, rescuer fatigue, and ergonomics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized crossover simulation study was conducted in a high-fidelity medical simulation facility. Thirty-five medical students executed 2 min cycles of chest compressions with both LAT and OTH techniques, interspersed with a 15 min rest period between sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OTH showed a tendency for enhanced overall performance (72.94 vs. 64.46; <i>p</i> = 0.08), while the differences lacked statistical significance. The compression rate was somewhat elevated with OTH (116.94 compared to 114.57; <i>p</i> = 0.31). We assessed LAT as somewhat less challenging (4.37 vs. 3.91; <i>p</i> = 0.17) and found less fatigue (4.83 vs. 4.40; <i>p</i> = 0.24). Male rescuers and individuals with elevated BMI attained larger compression depths. Age was negatively connected with the ease and efficiency of compressions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although no statistically significant differences were detected, OTH demonstrated potential for enhanced performance. The anthropometrics of rescuers affected the quality of CPR, highlighting the necessity for tailored training methods. Future investigations should examine the long-term viability of OTH in clinical and pre-hospital environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Knowledge of Breastfeeding and Nutrition: Influence on Oral Health and Self-Reported Early Childhood Caries in Preschool Children in Croatia.","authors":"Marija Badrov, Marija Matijević, Antonija Tadin","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aim:</i> Parents' knowledge of oral health plays a key role in shaping their children's habits and preventing early childhood caries, particularly through breastfeeding and nutrition. This study aimed to assess parents' knowledge of how dietary habits affect both oral health and early childhood caries rates. <i>Materials and methods:</i> An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 595 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years old using a self-structured questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, the children's characteristics, breastfeeding practices, daily diet, the perceived effects of diet on orofacial health, and self-reported dental caries were recorded. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and regression models. <i>Results:</i> One-third of the children had dental caries (200/595). The prevalence of caries was significantly higher among children from rural areas (40.5%) compared to those from urban areas (31.1%) (<i>p</i> = 0.021) and in low-income families (72.7%) compared to middle-income (35.4%) and high-income (25.1%) families (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Breastfeeding duration, bottle feeding, and night feeding were not significantly associated with the occurrence of caries. Only 11.1% of parents recognized the role of extended breastfeeding on a child's demand over one year in promoting the development of tooth decay. Better knowledge was observed among parents with university degrees, in healthcare workers, and in parents with lower incomes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Conclusions:</i> Dental caries was prevalent, especially among children from rural areas and low-income families. Although there is no direct correlation between the duration of breastfeeding and dental caries, parental awareness of the preventive benefits of breastfeeding remains low. Education for parents about breastfeeding and nutrition's impact on oral health can have a substantial effect on preventing ECC. Educational efforts aimed at specific audiences are necessary to boost knowledge and advance preventive strategies. This study must recognize its limitations due to its dependence on self-reported caries data. Subsequent research must include clinical dental evaluations to achieve findings that are both dependable and factual.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subthreshold Autism and ADHD: A Brief Narrative Review for Frontline Clinicians.","authors":"Michael O Ogundele, Michael J S Morton","doi":"10.3390/pediatric17020042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Epidemiological studies have shown that neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more prevalent in the general childhood population, compared to cases that are formally diagnosed in clinical cohorts. This suggests that many children and youths have NDD which are never diagnosed clinically, causing impairments in some domains of their daily life. There is increasing recognition of the concept of a \"subthreshold\" condition, sometimes used to describe the presence of potentially impairing variations in the neurodevelopmental profile that do not meet criteria for a diagnosis. The aim of this narrative review is to appraise the published literature about common themes regarding subthreshold conditions in relation to autism and ADHD, identifying any practical lessons that may be applicable to frontline neurodevelopmental clinicians. <b>Methods:</b> We searched electronic databases including PMC and PubMed using various combinations of keywords, including \"Subthreshold\", \"subclinical\", \"neurodevelopmental\", \"childhood\", \"ADHD\" and \"ASD\". <b>Results:</b> The identified themes include definitions, prevalence, assessment tools, lifetime impairments, NDD classification models, management, raising public awareness, and future research directions. <b>Conclusions:</b> The authors propose that a \"subthreshold condition\" should be recorded when NDDs do not meet current diagnostic criteria if there is evidence of significant, persisting impairment in at least one setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":45251,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Reports","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}