{"title":"Preliminary Design of Ironless Linear Induction Motors for ITER MSE Shutter Actuators","authors":"J. Fang;A. Khodak;P. Titus","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3475376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3475376","url":null,"abstract":"The shutters need to be closed or opened during the operation and calibration period time for the fusion diagnostic systems, such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) motional stark effect (MSE). Standard electric motors and actuators will not work in a strong magnetic field environment due to the presence of the magnetic field of fusion reactors. The innovative linear induction motor (LIM) with an ironless feature overcomes this kind of challenge and can be used for any application that requires controlled motion with a large stroke in the magnetic field environment. It consists of a high-electrical conductivity plate like copper and three-phase motor windings with nonferrous or stainless-steel stators. The conductor plate attached with the shutter is simply driven by the underneath three-phase linear windings to achieve linear motion. The motor drive can be controlled remotely by a controller using the electrical connection, so no sensitive electronic components are located in the harsh environment where the motor itself is located. The design requirements and test facility have been described. Several 3-D transient Maxwell electromagnetic (EM) models with different locations of three-phase linear motor windings and shutter stators have been analyzed and evolved to meet any applications allowed in the harsh environment inside the vacuum vessel of fusion reactors. The preliminary design results are presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4096-4102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Comparison of Lightning M-Component Classical and Modified Guided-Wave Models From the Aspects of Azimuthal Magnetic Fields","authors":"Quanxin Li;Guohua Yang;Jinliang He","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3434383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3434383","url":null,"abstract":"The azimuthal magnetic fields of lightning M-components at various distance ranges were presented in this article. Two guided-wave models, namely, the classical guided-wave M-component model and the modified guided-wave M-component model, incorporating exponential current decay along the channel, were considered. Both fast and slow M-component current waveforms were utilized in the analysis. The study examined the magnetic field differences between the two models at close, intermediate, and far distance ranges. It was found that the discrepancies between the magnetic fields predicted by the classical guided-wave M-component model (CGM) and modified guided-wave M-component model (MGM) were relatively small at close distances. However, these differences became more noticeable at intermediate and far distances. It was observed that the amplitude differences were more prominent for the fast M-component compared with that of the slow M-component. The study also included a sensitivity analysis on the radiated magnetic fields, which likely explored the factors influencing the magnitude of the lightning M-component magnetic fields.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3185-3192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bofeng Zhu;Guanxiang Zhang;Xiao Zhang;Yun Guo;Junyong Lu
{"title":"Study on the Principle and Performance of a Novel Synchronous Cascaded Air-Core Brushless Compulsator","authors":"Bofeng Zhu;Guanxiang Zhang;Xiao Zhang;Yun Guo;Junyong Lu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3417518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3417518","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes and studies a new type of air-core compulsator (compensated pulse alternator) for electromagnetic railgun, which realizes the brushless rotating-field electric excitation based on an axially cascaded exciter. The characteristics of the nonrectifier and inverse connection sequence of rotor full pitch winding make it different from the previous cascaded synchronous generator or doubly fed generator. Therefore, it can not only ensure a brushless and slip-ring-free structure, but also the advantages of high rotational reliability and excitation efficiency. The operation principle and design method are given first, and then the key application performance indexes such as self-excitation process, output power, energy storage density, and energy conversion efficiency of a scaled prototype are analyzed in detail. The study results show that the output power density of the scaled prototype can reach 629 MW/m3, and pulse energy storage density can reach more than 1.58 MJ/m3, which verifies the feasibility of the novel compulsator in principle and implementation, as well as advantages over the traditional hybrid energy storage scheme (battery and capacitor) in volume and weight. The relevant conclusions have positive reference significance for the lightweight and miniaturization of pulse power supply (PPS) for electromagnetic energy equipment.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3310-3319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of Rail-Armature Coupling for the Enhanced Electromagnetic Pellet Injection in J-TEXT Tokamak","authors":"Zisen Nie;Zhongyong Chen;Wei Yan;Shengguo Xia;Yinlong Yu;Guinan Zou;Fanxi Liu;Yu Zhong;Jiangang Fang;Xun Zhou;Yuwei Sun;Yuan Sheng;You Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3473029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3473029","url":null,"abstract":"Major disruption poses a significant challenge to the safe operation of tokamaks, so disruption mitigation is a key problem to be solved in tokamak. Currently, the fundamental strategy of disruption mitigation involves actively injecting significant quantities of impurity gas or solids (such as neon, argon, deuterium, etc.) to generate sufficient radiation power for dissipating the plasma’s energy. The most commonly used disruption mitigation devices now are massive gas injection (MGI) and shattered pellet injection (SPI). However, The impurity injection rate is low, resulting in shallow deposits in the tokamak. Electromagnetic pellet injection (EMPI) is a relatively new generation of disruption mitigation system developed in J-TEXT Tokamak. The system is based on the electromagnetic rail run concept. It uses electromagnetic force to launch the armature with an impurity pellet. The EMPI has been tested several times and the speed of the pellet has broken through the speed of sound, far exceeding the launch speed of the traditional disruption mitigation system. This means impurity is deposited at a deeper location. However, the rail length of EMPI is too long and the rail ablation is serious, so it is a challenging problem to satisfy the tokamak installation space requirements. Therefore, based on the EMPI, an enhanced EMPI is designed, which increases the electromagnetic force by increasing the magnetic field intensity within the bore. This enables the rail length to be decreased to meet the specified condition. Building upon this foundation, various armature-rail coupling structures have been designed. These structures are subjected to COMSOL finite element simulation to determine which rail-armature interface exhibits minimal ablation, superior electrical contact, and maximal armature launch velocity. Subsequently, the optimal rail-armature coupling scheme is validated through an experimentation test.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3326-3334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural Design of Revolving Armature With Tail End Connection and Its Electromagnetic Launching Performance Verification","authors":"Yong Liu;Tao Zhang;Kai Huang;Yanhui Chen;Wanying Wang;Wei Fan;Wei Guo","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3475750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3475750","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic-driven projectile spin launching technology is an important way to achieve high-precision firing in the railgun, but there is still a lack of sufficient research on the structural design of the tail-connected revolving armature and experimental verification of the spin launching performance. In this article, first, a structural design scheme of a revolving armature with a tail-end connection is established and compared with the conventional armature structural design scheme. Second, the finite element calculation model of interference assembly is adopted, and the influence law of the improved armature structure parameters on the initial mechanical performance is obtained. The theoretical calculation results show that the change of armature structural parameters has a great influence on the contact area and little influence on the maximum equivalent stress. The contact force decreases sharply with the increase of the interference position L2, throat radius r, and crack width \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$c_w$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 of the tail, and increases sharply with the increase of the tail thickness t and interference amount \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Finally, the electromagnetic launching experiments with different launching energies are carried out on test projectiles with conventional armature and tail-connected armature. The experimental results show that the revolving armature with a tail-end connection can effectively improve the rotation speed, but it will also have some negative effects on the muzzle velocity and the contact state between the armature and the rail in the bore.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3335-3342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Order Reduction and Rapid Calculation for Multimodule Linear Circuits","authors":"Zhizhen Liu;Xinjie Yu;Zhen Li;Bei Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3474682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3474682","url":null,"abstract":"It is quite common to use multiple linear modules with asynchronous operation, e.g., the pulsed power supply (PPS) system for electromagnetic launch (EML), to provide higher power or the complex signal modulation function. Up to now, numerical simulation has been the only way to solve these problems but suffers from long running time and thus limits the large-scale optimization and control for these systems. This article proposes a rigorous port-equivalent order reduction method based on the Thevenin equivalence and short-circuit equivalence. This method can simplify the solution of multimodule linear circuits into the solution of multiple lower order circuits. If lower order circuits can be calculated analytically, the fully analytical calculation of the multimodule circuit can be realized. Otherwise, reducing the order can also greatly reduce the time of circuit simulation. On this basis, taking the meat grinder with a self-charged capacitor and thyristor (SECT) multimodule circuit as an example, its rapid and analytical calculation is demonstrated. Compared with the Simulink simulation, the results show that the method proposed in this article is about 50 times faster than the simulation, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is very small, which means that the calculation accuracy can well meet the requirements.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3343-3351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soft-Decoding Algorithm for Fountain Code in Plasma Sheath","authors":"Haojie Zhang;Ding Zhai;Yifeng Cao","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3474912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3474912","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma sheath can interfere with normal communication between aircraft and ground control station, and the large transmission delay and high information error rate it introduces make traditional feedback retransmission transmission systems ineffective. The use of forward error correction codes such as fountain codes can effectively solve the problem of unidirectional transmission. However, the harsh transmission environment of the plasma sheath channel can cause errors in some information bits of the fountain code encoding packets. Traditional hard decision decoding methods will discard these encoding packets, which greatly wastes valuable channel resources. This article proposes a fountain code soft decoding method suitable for plasma sheath channels, aiming to fully use the available information in the encoding packets. The simulation results show that this method can improve the transmission efficiency of the entire plasma sheath channel.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4748-4752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Jia;Xinjian Niu;Yinghui Liu;Jianwei Liu;Tianzhong Zhang;Hongfu Li;Zongzheng Sun
{"title":"Design and Nonlinear Theoretical Investigations on a 250 GHz MW-Level CW Demo Gyrotron With Realistic Electron Beam","authors":"Kai Jia;Xinjian Niu;Yinghui Liu;Jianwei Liu;Tianzhong Zhang;Hongfu Li;Zongzheng Sun","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3475012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3475012","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a study for a 250 GHz MW-level continuous mode gyrotron to satisfy the demand of DEMO for over 200 GHz high-power microwave sources. Through careful analysis, the new high-order mode TE45,18 is chosen as the operation mode. Simultaneously, the magnetic injection electron gun is researched to meet the operation requirement of the gyrotron. A novel curved gradient structure is proposed instead of the traditional linear folding structure for obtaining high-quality electronic beams. Through the linear theory and the time-dependent multimode self-consistent nonlinear theory of gyrotron, the detailed study of mode competition is conducted in the resonator cavity. The TE45,18 mode can maintain operational stability while suppressing other competition modes at the magnetic field of 9.9600 T, the operation voltage of 80 kV, and the beam current of 35 A. When considering the ideal electron beam, the output power is 1070 kW and the operation efficiency is 38.21%. The output power and operation efficiency are reduced to 1041 kW, and 37.17%, respectively, when considering the realistic electron beam from the magnetic injection gun (MIG) electron gun.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3103-3110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishant Gahlaut;A. Mercy Latha;Meenu Kaushik;S. K. Ghosh
{"title":"Thermal and Structural Analysis of a Fully Integrated Space Traveling Wave Tube","authors":"Vishant Gahlaut;A. Mercy Latha;Meenu Kaushik;S. K. Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3470245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3470245","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the failures occurring in a traveling wave tube (TWT) are related to thermal and structural issues. Hence, it is very important to critically analyze the thermal and structural aspects under extreme operating conditions to ensure the reliability of space TWTs. It has been a general practice to study the thermal and structural performance of individual sub-assemblies of the TWT, namely the electron gun, coaxial couplers, slow wave structure (SWS), and multistage depressed collector. However, the practical results from the fully integrated tube differ from the results of thermal analyses of individual sub-assemblies by approximately 30%. The main reason behind this discrepancy is due to the elimination of interdependencies between the sub-assemblies, which is completely ignored in the sub-assembly level analyses, and the difference in the boundary conditions. Hence, it is essential to perform the thermal and structural analysis of the entire TWT as a whole instead of individual sub-assemblies. In this article, the authors systematically performed the thermal and structural analysis of a fully integrated tube under actual operating conditions and validated the results with a very close agreement with the experimental results. From the simulation results, it can be observed that the results of the fully integrated tube are in close agreement with the experimentally measured temperature values as opposed to the sub-assembly level simulations.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4538-4543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Numerical Analysis for the Detection of Water Salinity Concentration Using Long-Range Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor With TMDCs-Teflon/Cytop","authors":"Rajeev Kumar;Shivam Singh;Lalit Garia;Bhargavi Chaudhary;Maneesh Kumar Singh;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3471636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3471636","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach is suggested to enhance imaging sensitivity and refine the figure of merit (FoM) through the utilization of a long-range surface plasmon resonance (LRSPR) biosensor for the detection of water salinity concentration. This design integrates Teflon, copper (Cu), and a transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) layer. By incorporating this composite coating, the biosensor aims to inhibit oxidation, boost biomolecule adsorption, and elevate imaging sensitivity, detection accuracy (DA), and FoM. Using MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 with the Teflon layer, the maximum achieved imaging sensitivities are 27651/RIU, 26501/RIU, 28059/RIU, 27209/RIU at 0% and 33245/RIU, 31458/RIU, 32424/RIU, 30472/RIU at 30%, water salinity concentration, respectively. Further, with the TMDCs layer, the maximum attained DA and FoM values with MoS2 are 33.33/° and 519.13/RIU, with MoSe2 are 50/° and 758.2/RIU, with WS2 are 50/° and 713.12/RIU, and with WSe2 are 50/° and 725.41/RIU, respectively. Additionally, the penetration depth (PD) of 566.12, 566.24, 493.77, and 508.3 nm at 0% and 700.14, 624.35, 570.28, and 569.94 nm at 30% salinity concentration is achieved. The numerical findings are compared to Teflon/Cytop layer-based LRSPR and conventional SPR (cSPR) sensors. We believe that this approach will have valuable applications in biological detection, medical diagnostics, and chemical analysis. While this work is solely based on simulations, we plan to conduct experimental studies in subsequent phases to further validate and refine the obtained numerical results.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3136-3144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}