IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Gas Pressure and Accelerating Gap Length on the Emission Characteristics of Pulsed Forevacuum Plasma Electron Beam Sources","authors":"Andrey V. Kazakov;Efim M. Oks;Nikolay A. Panchenko","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3504953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3504953","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the influence of accelerating gap length (AGL) on the emission characteristics of a pulsed (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$500~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s) forevacuum plasma-cathode electron sources based on a cathodic arc (CA) and on a constricted arc discharge (CAD) at different pressure (4–30 Pa) and type of gas (Ar, N2, He). In this research accelerating voltage is kept constant (8 kV). Higher gas pressure and the use of Ar provide higher emission current (electron beam current) in the whole investigated range of the AGL (10–35 mm). For gas pressure below certain “boundary” pressure (25–27 Pa for He, 6 Pa for Ar and N2), an increase in the AGL leads to an increase in emission current and an increase in average rate of rise (ARR) of emission current on the pulse front for both discharge systems (at constant discharge current). At pressure higher than the “boundary” pressure, the emission current and the ARR depend nonmonotonically on the AGL, and at certain AGL their values reach maximum. However, in this case as the gas pressure and discharge current increase, the change in the emission current decreases. As a result, the influence of the AGL on the emission current becomes insignificant (within error bars) for Ar and N2 at discharge current of more than 20 A and/or gas pressure of more than 8 Pa. When using the discharge system based on the CAD, an increase in the AGL also provides a decrease in delay time for the appearance of emission current. The observed dependencies are due to ionization processes in the accelerating gap and the beam propagation region.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5335-5344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terahertz Planar Amplifier With Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes Based on Meta-Composite Slot Slow Wave Structures","authors":"Xiaofan Gui;Zheng Chang;Zhigang Lu;Li Qiu;Peng Gao;Jingrui Duan;Yuan Zheng;Zhenting Zheng;Zhanliang Wang;Huarong Gong;Shaomeng Wang;Yubin Gong","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3505211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3505211","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the slow wave structure (SWS) and enhance integration with passive devices for realizing terahertz (THz) integrated circuits (ICs), a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) mode planar SWS based on a meta-composite slot (MCS) SWS is proposed. The SSPP mode is employed in the MCS-SWS, which enables the enhancement of longitudinal field in the beam-wave interaction region, thus achieving an average interaction impedance of the first-order spatial harmonics over <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.7~Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 340 GHz. Furthermore, the physical mechanism of field enhancement generated by the MCS-SWS is elucidated using the double electric dipole model. In addition, an effective strategy to suppress the backward wave oscillations is presented using a field analysis. Furthermore, the particle-in-cell (PIC) results indicate that under the conditions of a dual sheet electron beam (SEB) with a voltage of 10.6 kV and a current of 50 mA, the maximum saturated output power can reach 26.7 W at 341 GHz. The corresponding gain per unit length is 1.93 dB/mm, and the electron efficiency is 2.52%. The total SWS length, benefiting from such a high gain per length, is only 10.8 mm, which is much shorter than that of a conventional traveling-wave tube (TWT) in the same frequency band. These indicators suggest that MCS-SWS has great potential to be used as the core of THz amplifiers for THz ICs.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5478-5486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Local Thermal Nonequilibrium and Magnetic Fields on the Stability of Rotating Partially Ionized Plasma Heated From Below","authors":"Vishal Chandel;Sunil","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3505538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3505538","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) on the stability of rotating partially ionized plasma (PIP) within a porous medium. The plasma, subjected to heating from below, is analyzed under various boundary conditions (BCs). Both nonlinear (via the energy method) and linear (using normal mode analysis) analyses are performed. Eigenvalue problems in both frameworks are formulated and solved using the Galerkin method, employing trigonometric or polynomial basis functions chosen to satisfy BCs, ensuring the robustness and reliability of the numerical results. The findings underscore the significant roles of medium permeability, compressibility, rotation, and magnetic fields on the stability characteristics of the system. The influence of collisional frequency among plasma components and the thermal diffusivity ratio on energy decay is also considered. The findings demonstrate that the Rayleigh-Darcy number is the same across both nonlinear and linear analyses, thereby negating the presence of a subcritical region and affirming global stability. Stabilizing effects of rotation, magnetic field influence, compressibility, and interphase heat transfer have direct relevance for optimizing plasma confinement in fusion reactors and understanding stability in astrophysical phenomena, such as accretion disks. Conversely, increased permeability and a higher porosity-modified conductivity ratio demonstrate destabilizing tendencies, hastening the onset of convection. Rigid-rigid bounding surfaces are identified as thermally more stable for confining the PIP. These findings underscore potential applications in advanced thermal management systems, plasma confinement technology, and other engineering designs requiring precise control over stability and heat transfer.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5315-5326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Detection Using Plasmonic Waveguide Ring Resonator: Design and Analysis","authors":"Thayaba Nausheen A;Chowdari Nikhilesh Kumar;Abhishek Khanna;Mandeep Singh","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3506589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3506589","url":null,"abstract":"A 3-D-hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG) cascaded ring resonator-based temperature sensor is studied in the infrared (IR) spectral regime. The proposed design achieves high sensitivity and precision in temperature measurements by integrating the unique properties of plasmonic and photonics. The HPWG enhances the interaction between the optical field and the surrounding environment, while the cascaded ring resonators provide a compact and efficient means of modulating the optical signal in response to temperature changes. Our theoretical analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate that the device exhibits a significant shift in resonance wavelength with temperature variations, leading to an enhanced sensitivity (0.37 nm/K) compared to traditional photonic sensors. The potential applications of this temperature sensor span various fields, including environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and industrial process control. It offers a promising solution for advanced temperature sensing with improved performance and miniaturization.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5432-5438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphysics Coupling Study of a Novel Pulsed Strong Magnetic Coil","authors":"Mingzhi Zhu;Zhiye Du;Yadong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3502625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3502625","url":null,"abstract":"A pulsed strong magnetic coil can generate a pulsed strong magnetic field, which can be used in the electromagnetic launch, electromagnetic forming, pulsed power supply, and other fields. During the continuous discharge process, the coil temperature will continue to increase due to Joule heating. Effective thermal management is a necessary condition for the stable and reliable operation of the coil during continuous discharge. In this article, a method for heat dissipation of coils based on the principle of energy storage and heat absorption of phase change materials (PCMs) is proposed. A 2-D transient coupled heat-transfer model of the pulsed strong magnetic coil in phase change energy storage heat absorption mode is established in finite-element software. First, the accuracy of the simulation software is verified, and the correlation between the mesh and the time step is analyzed. Then, the temperature difference of the coil under the conditions of phase change heat absorption and natural heat dissipation at different discharge intervals was studied. Finally, the effects of latent heat, melting temperature, and thermal conductivity on the heat dissipation of the coil were analyzed. At the same time, to verify the mechanical properties of the side flange heat dissipation structure, we simulated and analyzed the structural field.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5457-5467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Structure–Function Relationship Between Metallized Layer and Self-Healing Morphology in Metallized Film","authors":"Zhi-Yuan Wu;Ze Wang;Jing-Zhou Liu;Shao-Long Zhong;Jian-Tao Wang;Lei Huang;Zhi-Min Dang;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3505156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3505156","url":null,"abstract":"Metallized polypropylene film capacitors (MPPFCs) are widely used in electronic devices for their unique merits: self-healing. This work aims to explore the correlation mechanism between metallized layer structural parameters and self-healing properties in metallized polypropylene film (MPPF). The thicker electrode layer has a more irregular self-healing morphology and needs more energy to restore insulation at the same self-healing area compared to the thinner electrode layer, and the thicker electrode layer has a greater adhesive force, and the root mean square (rms) at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5~Omega / square$ </tex-math></inline-formula> thickness is 2.67 times larger than that at 50-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega / square$ </tex-math></inline-formula> electrode layer thickness. Different surface morphologies of MPPF and different potential differences are the reasons for different self-healing morphologies, which play an important role in self-healing properties, the potential difference at 5-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega / square$ </tex-math></inline-formula> electrode thickness is 149.2 mV, 1.92 times larger than that at 50-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega / square$ </tex-math></inline-formula> electrode thickness. The simulation model shows the different stages of plasma development in self-healing, and the plasma develops fast and then slows down in the final stage. The maximum electron temperature in self-healing plasma can reach over 4000 K. The model also explains the influence mechanism of adhesion force on the self-healing plasma and the structure change of the dielectric layer during the plasma process, the carbonized depth in 500 W/m2, thermal flux is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.19~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, but in 1 W/m2, and the carbonized depth is <inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.65~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m, which is a threefold increase.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5366-5375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Semiconductor Opening Switch at Soreq NRC","authors":"Amit S. Kesar;Arie Raizman;Or Trachtenberg;Doron Cohen-Elias;Michael Wolf;Oleg Belozerov;Yakov E. Krasik;Moti Katz","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3504550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3504550","url":null,"abstract":"The semiconductor opening switch (SOS) diode, invented in Russia around three decades ago, is attractive for a variety of pulsed power applications due to its ability to interrupt currents of thousands of amperes in several nanoseconds in inductive storage generators. This allows delivering hundreds of megawatts into the load. The SOS has a p+-p-n-n+ structure, where the p-n junction depth could be <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 200~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. Thus, the fabrication process of such structure requires a long diffusion time at a very high temperature, and was not suited for mass production in regular fabs. We present the design, simulation, fabrication, and testing of a Si SOS diode developed at Soreq NRC. It consists of a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$180~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m epitaxial structure with a p-n junction depth of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 110~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. In a single die testing, we used a fast driving circuit. A peak negative voltage of 1515 V with a rise time of 1.56 ns was obtained on a matched <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load. The voltage rise rate, of 0.97 kV/ns, is the highest record obtained for a single Si current interruption die. In order to test the diode at high voltages (HVs), we used two setups of SOS-based generators based on magnetic compression. We compared its original SOS diode developed in Russia with a stack of epi-SOS diodes. In the first setup, an epi-SOS made of 65 dies in series with a cross section of 25 mm2 was used. The reverse current was 927 A. The peak load voltage on a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$46~Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load was 37.4 kV with a rise time of 25 ns. In the second setup, an epi-SOS made of 130 dies in series with various cross sections of 1, 2, and 3 cm2 was used. For the 3 cm2 stack, a 173-kV, 7.5-ns rise time pulse was obtained on a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 224~Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> low-inductance resistive load.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5385-5391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Thrust Properties for Capillary-Type Pulsed Plasma Thrusters Using Electrothermal Discharge in Teflon","authors":"Marwa M. Abo El-Hadeed;Mohamed A. Bourham;Mohamed A. Abd Al-Halim","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3502626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3502626","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs) are preferred low-power systems for satellites because of their simplicity and small dimensions. This article was carried out to discuss and calculate the basic parameters that describe the efficiency of the electrothermal type of PPTs, using the 1-D time-depending ETFLOW model of the electrothermal capillary discharge with Teflon capillary. Parameters, such as the ablated mass, thrust, impulse, and specific impulse, were calculated. In addition, the basic plasma parameters, such as temperature, pressure, density, velocity, and heat flux, were all studied as a function of discharge time. We also discussed the effect of using an approximation of the transmission heat factor of Teflon. The influences of some input parameters as applied voltage and capillary geometry on thruster parameters were studied. It was found that ablated mass increases with the applied voltage or capillary length and decreases as the capillary diameter increases. Finally, calculations were compared to the measured results of ablated mass, impulse, and specific impulse from different works. The results of our model are in good agreement with experimental results with small variations in impulse and specific impulse values. Variations are expected to be limited if we enter some modifications to the model to increase the exit velocity and use the radial dimension for calculations.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5422-5431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on a Coaxial Stacked Blumlein Pulse Generator With Inner Conductors Connected in Parallel","authors":"Shuang Yang;Ruixin Yu;Jingjing Sun;Yijie Sun;Rong Chen;Jingming Gao","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3501306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3501306","url":null,"abstract":"Stacked Blumlein pulse generators are crucial for compact and solid-state pulsed power systems, facing a challenge for high efficiency. The study established a theoretical calculation model including electromagnetic coupling mechanism and proposed an improved design for the structure of inner conductors connected in parallel. Theoretical wave propagation analysis compares the output characteristics of two structures: inner conductors connected in series (traditional) and in parallel (improved). Calculation results show that the parallel structure exhibits a higher output voltage efficiency under the same conditions. Furthermore, PSPICE simulations verify the effect of coupled transmission lines on output waveform quality and voltage efficiency. The coupled transmission lines degrade waveform quality, with the electrical length determining distortion degree and characteristic impedance affecting voltage amplitude. Experimental tests confirm the superior voltage stacking efficiency of the structure of inner conductors connected in parallel. A 96.1% voltage efficiency with a five-stage Blumlein at 489-V charging voltage and 500-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 load impedance was achieved, generating an output pulse with a pulsewidth of 72 ns and a rise time of 17 ns.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 10","pages":"5241-5248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Order Spacecraft Charging Models for Electrostatic Proximity Operations","authors":"Julian Hammerl;Hanspeter Schaub","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3503356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3503356","url":null,"abstract":"Spacecraft charge in orbit due to naturally occurring electric currents from the ambient plasma emitted from the surface, as well as artificial currents produced by devices such as an electron gun. This results in electrostatic forces and torques between two spacecraft in close proximity that can perturb the relative motion and attitude during on-orbit servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (OSAM) operations. The forces and torques may also be utilized to remove or detumble dysfunctional satellites. In prior work on electrostatic proximity operations, typically charging models based on spherical spacecraft were used to compute the electrostatic potential, and that potential was prescribed to be constant in relative motion simulations. In this work, several charging models are compared for spacecraft with nonspherical shapes, including simple sphere models and faceted models. The faceted model is promising because its total surface area is more accurate, and it allows for the consideration of a time-varying sunlit area and ram-facing area. It is shown that the orientation of the spacecraft with respect to the Sun can significantly affect the equilibrium potential and the resulting force and torque. This is demonstrated by a charged attitude motion simulation for the electrostatic tractor (ET) debris removal concept. The effect of differential charging on the electrostatic force and torque is investigated. It is shown that differential charging can lead to significant force differences with respect to a fully conducting spacecraft, including a switch from repulsive to attractive force components.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5402-5413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}