Statistics in Biosciences最新文献_第5页

Impact of the Error Structure on the Design and Analysis of Enzyme Kinetic Models. 误差结构对设计和分析酶动力学模型的影响。

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Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-022-09347-5

Elham Yousefi, Werner G Müller

引用次数: 0

On the Methodological Aspects of the Clinical Trials for COVID-19 Conducted in the First Year of the Pandemic: A Descriptive Analysis. 新冠肺炎疫情第一年临床试验的方法论方面：描述性分析。

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Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-023-09366-w

Eleni Georgiadi, Athanasios Sachlas

引用次数: 0

New Confidence Intervals for Relative Risk of Two Correlated Proportions. 两个相关比例相对风险的新置信区间。

IF 0.8

Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-022-09345-7

Natalie DelRocco, Yipeng Wang, Dongyuan Wu, Yuting Yang, Guogen Shan

{"title":"New Confidence Intervals for Relative Risk of Two Correlated Proportions.","authors":"Natalie DelRocco, Yipeng Wang, Dongyuan Wu, Yuting Yang, Guogen Shan","doi":"10.1007/s12561-022-09345-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12561-022-09345-7","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical studies, such as clinical trials, often require the comparison of measurements from two correlated tests in which each unit of observation is associated with a binary outcome of interest via relative risk. The associated confidence interval is crucial because it provides an appreciation of the spectrum of possible values, allowing for a more robust interpretation of relative risk. Of the available confidence interval methods for relative risk, the asymptotic score interval is the most widely recommended for practical use. We propose a modified score interval for relative risk and we also extend an existing nonparametric U-statistic-based confidence interval to relative risk. In addition, we theoretically prove that the original asymptotic score interval is equivalent to the constrained maximum likelihood-based interval proposed by Nam and Blackwelder. Two clinically relevant oncology trials are used to demonstrate the real-world performance of our methods. The finite sample properties of the new approaches, the current standard of practice, and other alternatives are studied via extensive simulation studies. We show that, as the strength of correlation increases, when the sample size is not too large the new score-based intervals outperform the existing intervals in terms of coverage probability. Moreover, our results indicate that the new nonparametric interval provides the coverage that most consistently meets or exceeds the nominal coverage probability.","PeriodicalId":45094,"journal":{"name":"Statistics in Biosciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9122488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9092365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous Confidence Band Approach for Comparison of COVID-19 Case Counts. 新冠肺炎病例数比较的同时置信带方法。

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Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-023-09364-y

Q Shao

{"title":"Simultaneous Confidence Band Approach for Comparison of COVID-19 Case Counts.","authors":"Q Shao","doi":"10.1007/s12561-023-09364-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12561-023-09364-y","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was declared to be a global emergency in January of 2020, and everyday life throughout the world was disrupted. Among many questions about COVID-19 that remain unanswered, it is of interest for society to identify whether there is any significant difference in daily case counts between males and females. The daily case count sequences are correlated due to the nature of a contagious disease, and contain a nonlinear trend owing to several unexpected events, such as vaccinations and the appearance of the delta variant. It is possible that these unexpected events have changed the dynamical system that generates data. The classic t-test is not appropriate to analyze such correlated data with a nonconstant trend. This study applies a simultaneous confidence band approach in an attempt to overcome these difficulties; that is, a simultaneous confidence band for the trend of an autoregressive moving-average time series is constructed using B-spline estimation. The proposed method is applied to the daily case count data of seniors of both genders (at least 60 years old) in the State of Ohio from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2022, and the result shows that there is a significant difference at the 95% confidence level between the two gender case counts adjusted for the population sizes.","PeriodicalId":45094,"journal":{"name":"Statistics in Biosciences","volume":"15 2","pages":"372-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9989581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9633106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Irregular Shaped Small Nodule Detection Using a Robust Scan Statistic. 基于鲁棒扫描统计量的不规则小结节检测。

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Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-022-09353-7

Ali Abolhassani, Marcos O Prates, Safieh Mahmoodi

{"title":"Irregular Shaped Small Nodule Detection Using a Robust Scan Statistic.","authors":"Ali Abolhassani, Marcos O Prates, Safieh Mahmoodi","doi":"10.1007/s12561-022-09353-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12561-022-09353-7","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial scan statistics based on the Poisson and binomial models are the most common methods to detect spatial clusters in disease surveillance. These models rely on Monte-Carlo simulation which are time consuming. Moreover, frequently, datasets present over-dispersion which cannot be handled by them. Thus, we have the following goals. First, we propose irregularly shaped spatial scan for the Bell, Poisson, and binomial. The Bell distribution has just one parameter but it is capable of handling over-dispersed datasets. Second, we apply these scan statistics to big maps. A fast version, without Monte-Carlo simulation, for the proposed Poisson and binomial scans is introduced. Intensive simulation studies are carried out to assess the quality of the proposals. In addition, we show the time improvement of the fast scan versions over their traditional ones. Finally, we end the paper with an application on the detection of irregular shape small nodules in a medical image.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12561-022-09353-7.","PeriodicalId":45094,"journal":{"name":"Statistics in Biosciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"141-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9101128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bayesian Index Models for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects on a Binary Outcome. 二元结果的异质治疗效果的贝叶斯指数模型。

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Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-023-09370-0

Hyung G Park, Danni Wu, Eva Petkova, Thaddeus Tarpey, R Todd Ogden

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the Cox Model with Longitudinal Covariates with Measurement Errors and Partly Interval Censored Failure Times, with Application to an AIDS Clinical Trial. 具有测量误差和部分区间截尾失效时间的纵向协变量的Cox模型分析及其在艾滋病临床试验中的应用。

IF 0.8

Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-023-09372-y

Yanqing Sun, Qingning Zhou, Peter B Gilbert

{"title":"Analysis of the Cox Model with Longitudinal Covariates with Measurement Errors and Partly Interval Censored Failure Times, with Application to an AIDS Clinical Trial.","authors":"Yanqing Sun, Qingning Zhou, Peter B Gilbert","doi":"10.1007/s12561-023-09372-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12561-023-09372-y","url":null,"abstract":"Time-dependent covariates are often measured intermittently and with measurement errors. Motivated by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 175 trial, this paper develops statistical inferences for the Cox model for partly interval censored failure times and longitudinal covariates with measurement errors. The conditional score methods developed for the Cox model with measurement errors and right censored data are no longer applicable to interval censored data. Assuming an additive measurement error model for a longitudinal covariate, we propose a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation approach by deriving the measurement error induced hazard model that shows the attenuating effect of using the plug-in estimate for the true underlying longitudinal covariate. An EM algorithm is devised to facilitate maximum likelihood estimation that accounts for the partly interval censored failure times. The proposed methods can accommodate different numbers of replicates for different individuals and at different times. Simulation studies show that the proposed methods perform well with satisfactory finite-sample performances and that the naive methods ignoring measurement error or using the plug-in estimate can yield large biases. A hypothesis testing procedure for the measurement error model is proposed. The proposed methods are applied to the ACTG 175 trial to assess the associations of treatment arm and time-dependent CD4 cell count on the composite clinical endpoint of AIDS or death.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12561-023-09372-y.","PeriodicalId":45094,"journal":{"name":"Statistics in Biosciences","volume":"15 2","pages":"430-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10198790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9988713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Perception-Augmented Hidden Markov Model for Parent–Child Relations in Families of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes 1型糖尿病青少年家庭亲子关系的感知增强隐马尔可夫模型

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Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-022-09360-8

R. Lu, T. Nansel, Zhen Chen

引用次数: 0

Properties of the Estimators of the Cox Regression Model with Imputed Data 具有脉冲数据的Cox回归模型估计的性质

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Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-022-09361-7

L. Chiapella, M. Quaglino, M. Mamprin

引用次数: 0

Targeted Search for Individualized Clinical Decision Rules to Optimize Clinical Outcomes. 针对性搜索个性化临床决策规则以优化临床结果。

IF 1

Statistics in Biosciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s12561-022-09343-9

Yanqing Wang, Yingqi Zhao, Yingye Zheng

{"title":"Targeted Search for Individualized Clinical Decision Rules to Optimize Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Yanqing Wang, Yingqi Zhao, Yingye Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s12561-022-09343-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12561-022-09343-9","url":null,"abstract":"Novel biomarkers, in combination with currently available clinical information, have been sought to enhance clinical decision making in many branches of medicine, including screening, surveillance and prognosis. An individualized clinical decision rule (ICDR) is a decision rule that matches subgroups of patients with tailored medical regimen based on patient characteristics. We proposed new approaches to identify ICDRs by directly optimizing a risk-adjusted clinical benefit function that acknowledges the tradeoff between detecting disease and over-treating patients with benign conditions. In particular, we developed a novel plug-in algorithm to optimize the risk-adjusted clinical benefit function, which leads to the construction of both nonparametric and linear parametric ICDRs. In addition, we proposed a novel approach based on the direct optimization of a smoothed ramp loss function to further enhance the robustness of a linear ICDR. We studied the asymptotic theories of the proposed estimators. Simulation results demonstrated good finite sample performance for the proposed estimators and improved clinical utilities when compared to standard approaches. The methods were applied to a prostate cancer biomarker study.","PeriodicalId":45094,"journal":{"name":"Statistics in Biosciences","volume":"14 3","pages":"564-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10270673/pdf/nihms-1901289.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10016922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0