{"title":"A case of cerebral infarction in which a carotid artery stent was fractured by an elongated styloid process(eagle syndrome)","authors":"Nobuhiro Yoshimi , Hiromitsu Hatakeyama , Kazuo Matsui , Noriyuki Katsumata , Satoshi Yamada , Kiyoshi Misawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eagle’s syndrome is characterized by laryngopharyngeal hypersensitivity, such as sore throat and dysphagia in otorhinolaryngology. It is caused by mechanical pressure from the styloid process that extends to ≥ 25 mm. In most cases, the symptoms appear unilaterally. There are two primary symptoms as follows: (i) classic stylohyoid syndrome, which occurs after tonsillectomy; (ii) stylo-carotid artery syndrome, which involves compression of the carotid artery or sympathetic nerve. We experienced a case of repeated cerebral infarctions due to stylo-carotid artery syndrome. Details of the case are shown below. An elongated styloid process caused three times cerebral infarctions due to internal carotid artery dissection. Internal carotid artery dissection treated with carotid artery stent. But after that, the carotid artery stent was fractured by the styloid process compression. As a result, he suffered a fourth cerebral infarction due to embolization caused by the stent fragments. Using CT angiography and angiography, we diagnosed carotid artery dissection and carotid stent fracture due to an elongated styloid process. In addition to medical therapy for cerebral infarction, we surgically resected the styloid process to prevent recurrence. The scattered stent fragments in the cerebral artery were difficult to remove and were left behind. However, he has not had a recurrence two and a half years. In order to prevent repeated or iatrogenic cerebral infarction, we believe that an elongated styloid process should be resected before stent treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1027-1030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perioperative management of acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: A case report and review of literature","authors":"Ryouji Tani , Tadayoshi Nobumoto , Kosei Okamoto , Taeko Fukutani , Sugru Hirota , Kento Okamoto , Koichi Koizumi , Souichi Yanamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) is a bleeding disorder characterized by symptoms resulting from a decrease in the von Willebrand factor (vWF) due to an underlying disease or medication. We report our experience in managing tooth extraction in a patient with AvWS who had bleeding gums. A 90-year-old woman was admitted to a nearby hospital for gastrointestinal bleeding treatment, wherein bleeding gums were observed. Suspecting AvWS, she was referred to the hematology department for further evaluation and subsequently to our department for oral cavity treatment. Following a comprehensive evaluation by the hematology department, a diagnosis of AvWS with a background of monoclonal gammopathy was made. Upon initial presentation to our department, the residual root of the right maxillary first premolar was considered the bleeding source and thus indicated for extraction. Following Factor VIII/vWF concentrate administration during hospitalization, the tooth was extracted under local anesthesia. A local hemostatic agent was inserted into the extraction socket; a hemostatic splint was applied after suturing and closing the wound. Postoperative bleeding from the wound was absent; after Factor VIII/vWF concentrate administration, the patient was discharged the following day. However, upon sutures removal nine days after the procedure, rebleeding occurred, requiring reapplication of a hemostatic splint. Two weeks after surgery, the splint was removed and hemostasis was achieved. In such cases, collaborating with the hematology department is necessary to formulate a customized treatment plan for each case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1081-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extraction in a patient with Type 3 von Willebrand disease: A case of effective hemostasis after administration of Vonicog Alfa","authors":"Taifu Hirano , Tadashi Kawai , Kotaro Shibata , Isao Hoshi , Toshimi Chiba , Hiroyuki Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tooth extraction in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) is difficult because of the associated bleeding. Current treatment involves the use of plasma-derived von Willebrand factor (VWF), and recombinant VWF has recently been developed. This report describes a case of tooth extraction in which hemostasis was successfully achieved with the use of recombinant VWF. The patient was an older male who presented to our department for a tooth extraction. His medical history included uncontrolled bleeding after sinus surgery and factor VIII deficiency. After investigation, a diagnosis of type 3 VWD was made. On the day of admission, recombinant VWF was administered, and the mandibular left first molar was extracted under local anesthesia the next day. The patient was treated with recombinant VWF until the fifth day. The patient had no postoperative bleeding. This outcome suggests that recombinant VWF is effective for tooth extraction in VWD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1072-1076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A case of orthognathic surgery for skeletal open bite with Noonan syndrome (NS)","authors":"Kyosuke Okuyama , Shizu Saito , Hikari Suzuki , Yushi Ezoe , Shinnosuke Nogami , Kensuke Yamauchi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities of genes involved in the intracellular Ras/MAPK signalling system. Affected individuals generally show characteristic facial features and short stature, as well as congenital heart disease, thoracic anomalies, lymphangiogenesis, and bleeding tendency. Reported here is a case of orthognathic jaw surgery performed for a 29-year-old woman with such characteristic facial features and skeletal open bite. The patient was determined to be suitable for orthognathic treatment, and examined for cardiac disease associated with NS and ability to tolerate surgery before undergoing preoperative orthodontic treatment. Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy procedures were performed under general anaesthesia. Preoperative screening revealed that platelet count and prothrombin time were normal, with only a slight increase in activated partial thromboplastin time, though the actual amount of blood loss was high at 1442 ml. While the cause of bleeding tendency associated with NS is unknown, preoperative determination of coagulation factors and platelet function, as well as screening are considered to be essential. For the present case, a bilateral sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy procedure was selected. On the other hand, because an intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) results in less blood loss, careful consideration should be given when choosing an orthognathic surgery technique for NS patients, such as osteotomy of the maxilla or mandible alone, or IVRO only on the side where the mandible is moved backward in cases with an asymmetrical skeletal structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 957-961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma with fibro-osseous components and delayed multiple spinal metastasis: A case report","authors":"Makiko Tanakura , Manabu Shigeoka , Daisuke Takeda , Naoe Jimbo , Chihoko Ikeda , Kousuke Matsumoto , Junichiro Takeuchi , Tsutomu Minamikawa , Masaya Akashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma (SOC) is a very rare tumor that was newly listed in the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of head and neck tumors. The latest WHO classification includes the lack of metastatic potential and hard tissue formation to the “Definition” and “Histopathology.” Although SOC has been believed a low-grade odontogenic carcinoma, two previous studies describing SOC’s metastatic potential have been published in English. We herein show a case of SOC with both fibro-osseous components and distal metastasis. The patient was a 55-year-old Japanese male whose right mandible had a mass that had been causing him discomfort for a long period. Radiographic features showed a diffuse and borderless lesion in the right mandible. Based on a preoperative local biopsy, fibrous dysplasia was diagnosed. A surgical specimen from the subsequent excision revealed odontogenic carcinoma with fibro-osseous components. A final diagnosis of SOC was made 2 months after the first excision, after an additional segmental resection of mandible was examined. Unexpectedly, multiple spinal metastases occurred 7 years after surgery, and these metastases were excellently cured by radiation therapy. Herein, we outline the case details and tips for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of SOC based on the presentation of its uncommon histological pattern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 947-956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia and associated risk factors: A retrospective clinical study from a single institution","authors":"Sanako Nakaya , Kensuke Naganawa , Reika Hasegawa , Mai Tomimatsu , Fumitaka Terasawa , Satoru Miyabe , Satoshi Watanabe , Shogo Hasegawa , Hitoshi Miyachi , Mitsuo Goto","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the clinical features of oral leukoplakia (OL) and its rate of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a Japanese population. We also investigated the impact of clinical risk factors on the rate of malignant transformation (MT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 308 patients diagnosed with OL between 1989 and 2020. Of these, 231 patients with 6 months follow-up were enrolled. The Kaplan−Meier method was employed to analyze 5- and 10-year risks of developing OSCC. Chi-square test and nominal logistic regression analysis were used to investigate predictors of progression to OSCC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the patients was 62.6 years (range 20 −89), and 45.9 % were female. The most common site of OL was the tongue (36.4 %). Twenty patients (8.7 %) experienced MT to OSCC. The predominant clinical type was the homogenous type (66.7 %), with no patient developing OSCC. Univariate analyses showed that the risk of progression to OSCC was significantly higher in patients aged < 64 years, those with OL of the tongue, nonhomogeneous type, and biopsied cases. In the multivariate analyses, the statistically significant predictor was clinical type. The numbers of female nonsmokers and nondrinkers were significantly higher among the MT cases (p = 0.0016, p = 0.0373, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>OL increases the risk of MT due to a combination of clinical risk factors. Therefore, high-risk cases require shorter follow-up intervals, and we suggest that multiple examiners share their findings. Performing biopsies to identify histopathological factors and make a definitive diagnosis should be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 929-934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human papillomavirus infection status and p53 expression association with survival in Indonesian oral squamous cell carcinoma patients","authors":"Nur Rahadiani , Sarwanti , Diani Kartini , Diah Rini Handjari , Marini Stephanie , Ening Krisnuhoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze the status of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status and p53 expression in Indonesian patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and their relationship with patient survival.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Indonesia’s main referral hospital with 74 patients diagnosed with OSCC between January 2014 and December 2018. Polymerase chain reaction followed by hybridization was performed to detect HPV genotypes in tumor tissues. The expression of p53 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological data were collected and patients were followed up for a minimum of 36 months from the month of diagnosis. Statistical tests and survival analyses were also performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HPV infection was identified in 52 (70.3 %) patients, mostly out-panel genotypes of HPV followed by HPV35. There were no differences in the clinicopathological characteristics between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients. Positive p53 expression was observed in 47 (63.5 %) patients. The p53-negative patients were significantly younger than the p53-positive patients. No difference in 3-year overall survival was observed between patients with OSCC stratified by HPV infection status and p53 expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that HPV infection status and p53 expression did not correlate with survival.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HPV infection and p53 expression were not suitable as prognostic markers for survival in our patients due to the lack of significant associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1096-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takashi Baba , Hiroshi Baba , Yu Yamaguma , Takehito Fukui , Takeshi Kaneuji , Yoshihiro Yamashita
{"title":"Epithelioid schwannoma in the buccal region: A case report and review of literature","authors":"Takashi Baba , Hiroshi Baba , Yu Yamaguma , Takehito Fukui , Takeshi Kaneuji , Yoshihiro Yamashita","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schwannomas are common, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors that arise from Schwann cells. Several rare morphological variants include ancient, cellular, plexiform, epithelioid, and microcystic/reticular. The epithelioid variant of schwannoma is scarce, with only a few relevant cases reported in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Herein, we report a case of epithelioid schwannoma in the buccal region. A 61-year-old woman was referred to our department from a medical clinic because of a slow-growing nodule in the buccal region, noticed 3 years before presentation. Clinical examination revealed a nodular mass measuring 20 × 20 mm. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an oval lesion with a clear border on the left cheek. The outer margin of the mass exhibited opacities that appeared as multiple microcalcifications. MRI revealed a well-defined mass similar in size to that observed on CT, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and mildly high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The clinical differential diagnosis includes benign tumors such as pleomorphic adenoma. The tumor was surgically excised under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed multilobulated epithelioid cells arranged in nests. The tumor cells showed eosinophilic cytoplasm and uniformly round nuclei. The tumor was diagnosed as an epithelioid schwannoma. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful, and no evidence of recurrence was observed 2 years postoperatively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1123-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stella Stasiak , Tiffany Li , Adam Jones , Joshua A. Twigg
{"title":"Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis – Commentary to a systematic review","authors":"Stella Stasiak , Tiffany Li , Adam Jones , Joshua A. Twigg","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, debilitating condition characterized by fibrosis of the oral mucosa, leading to restricted mouth opening, impaired chewing, and speech difficulties. Although its exact causes are not fully understood, factors such as betel nut chewing, nutritional deficiencies, genetic predisposition, and consumption of spicy foods are thought to contribute. A recent update by Jones et al. (2023) [1] of the Cochrane Review titled “Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis” included 30 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), with 28 added since the initial 2008 review.</div><div>The primary focus was on evaluating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for managing OSMF, such as improvements in eating, chewing, and speech. However, only four studies measured these outcomes; most focused on inter-incisal distance and burning sensation intensity. Moderate-certainty evidence showed that antioxidants improved these parameters, but no other interventions demonstrated consistent benefits compared to non-active controls.</div><div>Adverse effects were reported in half of the studies, with poor reporting of participant demographics and limited use of rigorous methodologies, such as proper blinding and allocation concealment. Additionally, surgical interventions, evaluated in four studies, posed high complication risks.</div><div>The review underscores the urgent need for robust research to better understand OSMF pathogenesis and identify effective interventions. Standardising trial designs, prioritising PROs alongside objective measures, and conducting preclinical studies to explore mechanisms of action are critical. Furthermore, prevention through education and cultural shifts away from areca nut use remains essential in reducing the burden of OSMF globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1086-1088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Innovative approach for dental socket healing using PRF-enriched metal nanocomposites – A comprehensive review","authors":"P. Rajesh , R. Jino Affrald , Shoba Narayan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Complications such as dry sockets and infections are very common after tooth extraction and it can be prevented with proper care and precautions. Most common techniques of preventing these complications include maintaining good oral hygiene, and using specific materials to support healing in the socket to enhance recovery by reducing the chance of infection. In order to overcome such complications associated with socket healing after extraction of tooth, bone substitute materials are more commonly used. This study aims to explore the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), metal nanoparticles, and biopolymers in enhancing the healing process. However, chitosan has shown to improve wound healing by attracting and activating neutrophils and macrophages and also by enhancing angiogenesis. While metal nanoparticles assist in preventing infections.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted by searching relevant literature articles from Google Scholar and PubMed using different keywords related to the research topic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Literature supports that the use of PRF, metal nanoparticles, and biopolymers individually shows significant potential in promoting socket healing after extraction of tooth. However, each materials are associated with specific limitations including difficulty in handling PRF, the cytotoxicity of certain metal nanoparticles, and the biodegradability concerns of biopolymers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Combining PRF, metal nanoparticles and chitosan could present a synergistic multifaceted approach to overcome limitations associated with each material and accelerate the socket healing process. This combined material could offer a more effective solution for improving clinical outcomes in oral and maxillofacial surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 864-876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}