Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology最新文献

{"title":"A case of actinomycosis occurred in the upper lip","authors":"Kazuki Nakatsuji ,&nbsp;Katsuhiko Amano ,&nbsp;Ayaka Mikami ,&nbsp;Yuki Nagata ,&nbsp;Aiko Hyodo ,&nbsp;Seiji Iida","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative disease caused by the Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium actinomycetes, an endemic oral bacterium. This infection is not unusual in the head and neck region causing well known symptoms such as plate-like induration, trismus, and multiple abscess formation. However, lip Actinomycosis rarely occurs and it is important to differentiate it from soft tissue diseases including minor salivary gland tumors and cysts. In this case report, we present our experience to diagnose and treat upper lip actinomycosis. The case was a 64-year-old Asian woman who had extraoral erythema with slight swelling in her left upper white lip. There was a palpable, well-defined, approximately 10 mm submucosal hard mass. The STIR image in MRI exam clearly showed the lesion with high signal which was clinically suspected to be a minor salivary gland tumor. Instead of an acquisition of tumor characters, the biopsy did lead to incision and pus discharge of the lesion. Histopathological examination for the specimen was carried out using HE, PAS and Grocott staining which provided evidence of characteristic features for Actinomycosis. The surgical intervention and the postoperative course with oral amoxicillin for 4 weeks completely cured the lesion. Lip mass lesions should be carefully differentiated considering possible infectious diseases like Actinomycosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1063-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality enhances anatomical education for dental students and doctors","authors":"Shintaro Nakajima ,&nbsp;Keisuke Sugahara ,&nbsp;Masahide Koyachi ,&nbsp;Kotaro Tachizawa ,&nbsp;Takahiro Nakada ,&nbsp;Tetsushi Okumura ,&nbsp;Akihiro Nishiyama ,&nbsp;Kento Odaka ,&nbsp;Satoru Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Akira Katakura","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In conventional anatomical education, opportunities for cadaveric dissection are limited, and textbooks and monitored training methods offer two-dimensional (2D) learning dependent on the learner's visual-spatial ability. We used extended reality (XR) technology for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) data, imported them into a head mounted display (HMD), and developed a multi-user learning system that facilitates viewing and sharing of the same 3D image innumerable times from any angle. This study entailed comparative analyses of the learning effects of 3D-based and conventional 2D-based learning systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four fifth-year dental students from Tokyo Dental College and 12 doctors with up to two years’ experience in the Department of Oral Surgery were enrolled. All candidates underwent pre-testing and surveys. Participants were randomly assigned to the 2D group (n = 18), which studied CT images on a monitor, and the 3D group (n = 18), which studied the same images using an HMD. Subsequently, both groups were administered tests with multiple-choice questions, a subjective five-point scale questionnaire, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Statistical analyses were conducted using the paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean scores increased from 4.8 to 6.7 and from 4.3 to 7.9 in the 2D and 3D groups, respectively. In the NASA-TLX, the 3D group showed less stress in the performance and effort domains, but more stress in the frustration domain.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>3D anatomical learning using XR technology was highly effective, necessitating the development of diverse, new specialized content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 900-905"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hinokitiol exhibits potent anticancer effects in human oral squamous cell carcinoma by inducing apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration","authors":"Hideki Yoshimatsu ,&nbsp;Ryuhei Kanda ,&nbsp;Lyu Xinghui ,&nbsp;Keita Kano","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Hinokitiol (HNK) has been shown to have various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities, against various diseases. However, its effects on oral cancer have not been reported. Therefore, we investigated the anti-cancer activity and mechanism of action of HNK in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay, while apoptosis was assessed through DAPI staining, TUNEL assay, annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and flow cytometry. Cell migration capacity was evaluated using a wound-healing assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate that HNK inhibits the proliferation of HSC-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, our evaluation revealed that HNK exerts its anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis. Moreover, HNK inhibited the migration of HSC-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on our results, we conclude that HNK has the potential as an important lead compound in treating OSCC. Moreover, HNK inhibits OSCC by inducing apoptosis and suppressing cell migration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1038-1043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myeloid sarcoma presenting initially in the oral cavity under non-leukemic conditions: A case report","authors":"Yuria Onishi ,&nbsp;Takuma Watanabe ,&nbsp;Takehiro Watanabe ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Kawamura ,&nbsp;Shu Inoue ,&nbsp;Yoko Shirai","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myeloid sarcoma (MS) commonly occurs in various body parts and most frequently develops in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MS in the oral cavity under non-leukemic conditions is rare and may be challenging to diagnose. Herein, we report a case of MS that presented with initial symptoms in the oral cavity under non-leukemic conditions. A 41-year-old woman presented to our hospital with swelling of the right upper gingiva, buccal region, and neck. Although several biopsies of the oral cavity were performed, none confirmed MS. Since positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the breast, a breast biopsy was performed; MS diagnosis was accordingly made. Subsequently, the patient received chemotherapy but died 11 months after initiating primary treatment. This report shows that the initial symptoms of MS may appear in the oral cavity under non-leukemic conditions and confirming MS requires histopathological examination. However, many cases are misdiagnosed and their diagnoses delayed. Diagnostic and treatment delays can impact prognosis. Clinicians should consider biopsies of suspicious oral lesions to ensure early diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 994-999"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large oral heterotopic gastrointestinal cyst in a child: A case report and update","authors":"Débora Frota Colares,&nbsp;Julliany Taverny Sousa,&nbsp;André Luis Alves Borges,&nbsp;Bárbara de Assis Araújo,&nbsp;José Sandro Pereira da Silva,&nbsp;Lélia Batista de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterotopic gastrointestinal cyst (HGIC) is a rare congenital cyst that may result from the displacement of gastric mucosal cells into other regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Although uncommon in the oral cavity, HGICs can cause feeding, swallowing, phonation, and breathing difficulties and may clinically resemble other soft tissue lesions. In this paper, we present a new case of oral HGIC in an infant and provide update on the existing literature regarding this condition in pediatric patients, with a focus on its clinical and pathological features. A 6-month-old female presented with a painless nodule in the ventral surface of the tongue, present since birth. Fine needle aspiration yielded a saliva-like fluid, and a clinical diagnosis of mucocele was initially made, followed by excisional biopsy in hospital setting. Histopathological examination showed a cystic lesion lined with epithelium of varying morphology, with the cystic capsule displaying muscle tissue and glandular elements beneath the cystic wall. Thus, the diagnosis of oral HGIC was established. The patient remains under follow-up with no signs of recurrence. Given its predilection for infants, oral HGICs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodules on the ventral tongue and floor of the mouth in pediatric patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1137-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected hemorrhage during upper third molar extraction","authors":"Takuma Watanabe ,&nbsp;Keita Asai ,&nbsp;Shintaro Fujimura ,&nbsp;Akira Matsuda ,&nbsp;Makoto Hirota","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maxillary tuberosity fractures can lead to unexpected hemorrhage during maxillary third molar extraction. Preoperative radiological examinations investigating root morphology can help prevent tuberosity fractures. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) enables the determination of the accurate anatomical position of the posterior superior alveolar artery. Herein, we report a case of tuberosity fracture and unexpected hemorrhage during maxillary third molar extraction, retrospectively reviewing CT findings. A 37-year-old man was referred to our department with persistent hemorrhage after the extraction of the left upper third molar, which was revealed to have four roots on preoperative CT. Intraoral examination revealed active hemorrhage from the extraction site. Contrast-enhanced CT performed in our hospital showed fractures of the left maxillary tuberosity and the posterior superior alveolar artery leading to the fracture site. Sutures were applied with packing gauze and hemostatic microfibrous collagen, and complete hemostasis was achieved over several days. Preoperative CT can provide useful information regarding root morphology; in case of unexpected hemorrhage, CT angiography can provide valuable information regarding the responsible vessel. Close preoperative examination of the dental morphology using CT may help choose and perform appropriate surgical techniques, while CT angiography may be useful in evaluating the surrounding anatomical structure that may be utilized for hemorrhage arrest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 989-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma of the mandible","authors":"Akinobu Shibata ,&nbsp;Eri Yumoto ,&nbsp;Hironori Sakai ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Kurita","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma (SOC), a rare tumor first described in 2008, was incorporated into the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of odontogenic carcinomas in 2017. We present a case of SOC in the mandible. A 45-year-old female patient presented with pain in the right lower jaw and was referred to our hospital. The patient exhibited facial symmetry, with reduced sensitivity in the right lower lip and right side of the tongue. A smooth-surfaced soft mass (22 × 13 mm) was observed on the marginal gingiva surrounding first and second molars in the right mandible. A mass was identified in the region extending from the right mandibular first molar to the right mandibular ramus. CT imaging revealed cortical bone destruction on both the vestibular and lingual aspects in this region and a mass measuring 42 × 37 × 20 mm. SOC or odontogenic fibroma was suspected based on the biopsy findings. A right submandibular lymph node biopsy, segmental mandibular resection, and reconstruction using a free fibular flap were performed. Intraoperative pathological examination revealed no cervical lymph node metastasis, and neck dissection was not performed. Based on the resected specimen, a definitive diagnosis of SOC was established. 22 months post-surgery, no recurrence or metastasis has been observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 1131-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental prosthetic treatment in a patient with microstomia following Karapandzic flap for lower lip defect reconstruction","authors":"Hiroyuki Yamada ,&nbsp;Nobuko Shimazaki ,&nbsp;Atsushi Ogawa ,&nbsp;Taifu Hirano ,&nbsp;Yu Ohashi ,&nbsp;Tadashi Kawai","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Karapandzic flap is a surgical lip reconstruction method used to treat large defects of the lips. Lip reconstruction with the Karapandzic flap often allows the patient to use their dentures postoperatively. However, there are some cases in which the use of dentures may be difficult because of microstomia, which occurs when a large amount of lip has been removed. The fabrication of complete dentures for patients with microstomia is difficult because of the inability to insert impression trays into the mouth. We document a case in which complete dentures had to be remade due to microstomia resulting from a lower lip reconstruction using a Karapandzic flap. Surgical treatment with commissuroplasty was planned as a second choice in case the dental prosthetic treatment was not successful. The success of the prosthetic approach markedly improved the patient's quality of life. Surgeons should fully consider a prosthetic approach before embarking on surgery for microstomia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 985-988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between undernutrition and CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Yasuyuki Asada,&nbsp;Nanako Ito,&nbsp;Fumitaka Obayashi,&nbsp;Mirai Higaki,&nbsp;Atsuko Hamada,&nbsp;Sachiko Yamasaki,&nbsp;Koichi Koizumi,&nbsp;Souichi Yanamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cisplatin (CDDP), a key drug for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pharmacotherapy, causes acute kidney injury (AKI). Risk factors include comorbidities such as hypertension, CDDP dose, age, and hypoalbuminemia; however, currently there is no consensus on these risk factors. This study investigated the clinical characteristics, including nutritional status, and prognosis of OSCC patients treated with high-dose CDDP to evaluate the risk factors for AKI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 22 OSCC patients treated with high-dose CDDP for high-risk postoperative recurrence were included and divided into two groups—those who developed AKI after treatment (AKI) and those who did not (non-AKI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Undernutrition was an independent risk factor for AKI. The cut-off value for the total CDDP dose calculated on the receiver operating characteristic curve was 160.0 mg/m². Multivariate analysis showed that undernutrition (Odds Ratio, OR 12.5; 95 % Confidence Interval, CI 1.41–298.2; p = 0.02) and total CDDP dose ≥ 160 mg/m² (OR 11.6, 95 % CI 1.17–295.9; p = 0.04) were independent and statistically significant risk factors for the development of AKI. After 6 months of treatment, serum creatinine levels markedly increased in both the AKI and non-AKI groups, and a trend towards higher incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was observed in the AKI group. The survival rate was significantly lower in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients with OSCC are prone to low nutrition owing to difficulties in oral intake, and the risk of AKI is high when CDDP is used. Furthermore, the presence of AKI reduces survival rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 891-894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of orthognathic surgery on oral-related quality of life and psychological changes in patients with facial asymmetry: A study of the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI)","authors":"Kenichiro Katsuno,&nbsp;Daigo Yoshiga,&nbsp;Yuki Mori,&nbsp;Hiroki Tsurushima,&nbsp;Osamu Sakaguchi,&nbsp;Taishi Ohtani,&nbsp;Izumi Yoshioka","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoms.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Orthognathic surgery causes functional and esthetic changes that may affect patients’ quality of life (QOL) and cause psychological changes. This study evaluated the effects of orthognathic surgery on QOL, psychological changes, and postoperative satisfaction in patients with facial asymmetry based on assessments immediately before and after surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subjective and objective asymmetry in patients with facial asymmetry were examined. Data were prospectively collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and postoperative satisfaction questionnaire.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 132 participants were included in the study, with 100 (23 males and 77 females) and 32 participants in the jaw deformity and normal groups, respectively. Their ages ranged from 17 to 48 years (mean 25.4 years). Orthognathic surgery contributed to improved oral-related QOL and positive psychological changes but not to the level of normal occlusions during the observation period (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In addition, patients with facial asymmetry showed less improvement in oral-related QOL and fewer positive psychological changes in the postoperative period than those without facial asymmetry. Functional limitation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), psychological discomfort (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and psychological disability (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) were significantly lower postoperatively in the asymmetry group. In particular, there was little tendency for improvement in patients with subjective facial asymmetry. STAI results showed that patients with facial asymmetry had less positive psychological changes (<em>P</em> = 0.7363).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Information on oral-related QOL, psychological changes, and postoperative satisfaction related to the impact on patients with facial asymmetry, can help oral surgeons gain a more detailed understanding of patients’ surgical expectations and contribute to patient satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45034,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology","volume":"37 5","pages":"Pages 883-890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}