Journal of Audiology and Otology最新文献

{"title":"Can Auditory and Vestibular Findings Differentiate Vestibular Migraine and Meniere's Disease?","authors":"Handan Yaman,&nbsp;Burcu Polat,&nbsp;Mustafa Bülent Şerbetçioğlu","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2022.00465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Besides evaluating the auditory and vestibular systems of patients with vestibular migraine (VM) and Meniere's disease (MD), this study aimed to examine the clinical overlaps between these two conditions by detailed evaluation of the patient's symptoms. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ears of the patients with VM and MD were evaluated and patients' vestibular and auditory complaints were questioned particularly. Pure tone audiometry, vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) responses, and caloric test results were evaluated for objective measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The VM group had better air-conduction and boneconduction threshold and speech reception threshold and speech discrimination score test values (p<0.05). Regarding the interaural N1-P1 asymmetry ratio, the cervical VEMP between the groups had significant differences (p=0.019). The MD group had more unilateral tinnitus and ear fullness complaints and canal paresis results (p<0.01). The VM group had more motion sickness complaints (p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>If only ears with hearing loss are evaluated; there was no significant difference between VM and MD, but regardless of hearing level or only the patients with normal hearing were evaluated, the VM group had better hearing levels. It should be considered that patients with VM may have VM-independent hearing loss, and patient complaints should be sufficiently detailed to make an accurate distinction from MD.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/eb/jao-2022-00465.PMC10126588.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9350864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music Perception Abilities of the Hearing Amplification System Users.","authors":"Sungmin Jo,&nbsp;Jiyeong Yun,&nbsp;Jeong-Sug Kyong,&nbsp;Yerim Shin,&nbsp;Jinsook Kim","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2022.00367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Recently, the improvement of music perception abilities for emotional stability and high quality of life has become important for the hearing loss group. This study aimed to examine and compare the music perception abilities of the normal hearing (NH) and hearing amplification system (HAS) groups to find the needs and methods of music rehabilitation. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were collected from 15 NH adults (33.1±11.4 years) and 15 HAS adults (38.7±13.4 years), of whom eight wore cochlear implant [CI] systems and seven wore CI and hearing aid systems depending on pitch, melody, rhythm, timbre, emotional reaction, and harmony perception tests. A mismatch negativity test was also conducted, and attitudes toward and satisfaction with listening to music were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The correction percentages for the NH and HAS groups were 94.0%±6.1% and 75.3%±23.2% in the pitch test; 94.0%±7.1% and 30.3%±25.9% in the melody test; 99.3%±1.8% and 94.0%± 7.6% in the rhythm test; 78.9%±41.8% and 64.4%±48.9% in the timbre test; 96.7%±10.4% and 81.7%±16.3% in the emotional reaction test; and 85.7%±14.1% and 58.4%±13.9% in the harmony test, respectively, showing statistical significance (p<0.05). For the mismatch negativity test, the area of the waveform was smaller in the HAS groups than in the NH groups, with 70 dB of stimulation showing no statistical significance. The response rates for satisfaction with listening to music were 80% and 93.3% for the NH and HAS groups, showing no statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the HAS group showed lower music perception ability than the NH group overall, they showed a strong desire for music listening. Also, the HAS group revealed a higher degree of satisfaction even when listening to unfamiliar music played with unusual instruments. It is suggested that systematic and constant musical rehabilitation based on musical elements and different listening experiences will improve music perception qualities and abilities for HAS users.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a2/14/jao-2022-00367.PMC10126585.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9720647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Cytokeratins in Acquired Cholesteatoma and Its Clinico-Radiological Correlation.","authors":"Anupam Kanodia,&nbsp;Aanchal Kakkar,&nbsp;Yash Verma,&nbsp;Diya Roy,&nbsp;Hitesh Verma,&nbsp;Chirom Amit Singh,&nbsp;Rabia Monga,&nbsp;Deepali Jain,&nbsp;Alok Thakar,&nbsp;Kapil Sikka","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2022.00451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media acquires epithelial proliferation and differentiation characteristics, which render it able to erode the underlying bone and cause complications. We attempt to characterize the cholesteatoma epithelium by observing the expression of cytokeratins (such as 34ße12, CK17, and CK13) and Ki67 among patients with cholesteatoma with different aggressiveness as compared to disease-free controls. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study (2017-2021), we enrolled all consenting consecutive patients with cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media. They were staged in accordance with the staging guidelines of the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology and the Japanese Otological Society. Bony external auditory canal (EAC) skin specimens of the patients undergoing tympanoplasty were chosen as controls. We did an immunohistochemical analysis of the cholesteatoma specimens and normal bony EAC controls by observing the expression of 34ße12, CK17, CK13, and Ki67 across the layers of the epithelium. Fisher's exact test and chi-square test were used to evaluate any statistical significance between the cases and the controls, and the subgroups were made based on the clinical stage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increased expression of CK17 (p<0.001), CK13 (p<0.03), and Ki67 (p<0.001) was observed in cholesteatoma specimens when compared to normal bony EAC controls. Also, there was a loss of expression of 34ße12 in a subset of cholesteatoma specimens, all of which showed full-thickness expression of CK13. There was no difference in the expression of cytokeratin among specimens from patients belonging to different subgroups based on clinical stage, age, sex, duration of ear symptoms, or type of hearing loss (conductive vs. sensorineural).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of cholesteatoma specimens significantly overexpressed CK17, CK13, and Ki67 when compared to normal bony EAC skin controls, while a subset showed loss of expression of 34ße12, which provides some insight into its pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/78/jao-2022-00451.PMC10126587.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language Intervention Instead of Speech Intervention for Children With Cochlear Implants.","authors":"Ivana Šimić Šantić, Luka Bonetti","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00584","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2022.00584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cochlear implants are a standard rehabilitation option for children with severe hearing loss or deafness, allowing access to speech sounds necessary for the development of spoken language. However, the speech-language outcomes of pediatric cochlear implant users vary widely and are not directly or exclusively linked to technology but to combinations of individual audiological, personal, technical, and habilitational factors. These combinations may not favor spoken language development, which may further be linked to the issue of prior insistence on spoken language learning and associated with a high risk of language deprivation. Here, we discuss the outcomes of cochlear implantation from a habilitative perspective and lay down the efforts and resources necessary for the development of communication competence after cochlear implantation rather than the achievement of specific hearing, language, or speech skills that have limited socioemotional and educational contributions and do not guarantee an independent or productive life.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/c1/jao-2022-00584.PMC10126584.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9440250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tinnitus Inventory Focusing on Body Function, Activities, and Participation Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.","authors":"Vidya Ramkumar,&nbsp;Anitha Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2022.00241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study describes the development of an International Classification for Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based inventory for tinnitus (ICF-TINI) that measures the impact of tinnitus on the function, activities, and participation of an individual. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study utilized the ICF-TINI, which included 15 items from the two ICF components of body function and activities. We included 137 respondents with chronic tinnitus. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the two-structure framework (body function, activities and participation). The model fit was assessed by comparing fit values of chi-square (df), root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, incremental fit index, and Tucker-Lewis index, with the suggested fit criteria values. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fit indices confirmed the presence of two structures in ICF-TINI, while the factor loading values suggested each item's goodness of fit. The ICF-internal TINI exhibited high consistency reliability (0.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ICFTINI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the impact of tinnitus on an individual's body function, activities, and participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/a5/jao-2022-00241.PMC10126586.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Social Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Older Prelinguals.","authors":"Pragya Tyagi,&nbsp;Divya Chauhan,&nbsp;Anup Singh,&nbsp;Mayank Bhutada,&nbsp;Kapil Sikka,&nbsp;Tanvi Chaudhary,&nbsp;Sonam Sharma,&nbsp;Shivani Agarwal,&nbsp;Hitesh Verma,&nbsp;Prem Sagar,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;Alok Thakar","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2022.00262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Cochlear implantation in late implanted prelinguals necessitates a complex decision-making process for clinicians and patients due to the uncertainty of achieving adequate benefit in auditory and speech perception. This study longitudinally evaluated clinical and social outcomes of prelingually deaf children with implantation in their late childhood. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 113 (49 females and 64 males) participants, with an age range of 5-15 years, were assessed for the pre-implant parameters such as hearing loss etiology, aided responses, anatomical aspects, and psychological evaluation. The Category of Auditory Performance, Speech Awareness Threshold, Speech Reception Threshold, and Speech Discrimination Score were administered to assess the patient's auditory skills. Further, the Speech Intelligibility Rating scale was administered to evaluate the patient's speech intelligibility at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-surgery. Subjectively perceived benefits were evaluated using the satisfaction rating scale and a questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The statistical results showed a significant impact of cochlear implantation in all domains. Positive impact and improvement post-implantation were noted in all the spheres, including auditory, linguistic, social, and educational.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlighted that the outcomes of a cochlear implant at a later age might not parallel with the implantation at a younger age. However, this still provides measurable benefits even after a longer period of auditory deprivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/41/jao-2022-00262.PMC10126583.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9350955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Korean Version of the Digit-in-Noise Test.","authors":"Subin Kim,&nbsp;Chanbeom Kwak,&nbsp;Woojae Han,&nbsp;Jae-Hyun Seo,&nbsp;Yonghee Oh","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2022.00472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The digits-in-noise (DIN) test was developed as a simple and time-efficient hearing-in-noise test worldwide. The Korean version of the DIN (K-DIN) test was previously validated for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the outcomes of the K-DIN test further by analyzing the threshold (representing detection ability) and slope (representing test difficulty) parameters for the psychometric curve fit. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 35 young adults with normal hearing participated in the K-DIN test under the following four experimental conditions: 1) background noise (digit-shaped vs. pink noise); 2) gender of the speaker (male vs. female); 3) ear side (right vs. left); and 4) digit presentation levels (55, 65, 75, and 85 dB). The digits were presented using the method of constant stimuli procedure. Participant responses to the stimulus trials were used to fit a psychometric function, and the threshold and slope parameters were estimated according to pre-determined criteria. The accuracy of fit performance was determined using the root-mean-square error calculation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The listener's digit detection ability (threshold) was slightly better with pink noise than with digit-shaped noise, with similar test difficulties (slopes) across the digits. Gender and the tested ear side influenced neither the detection ability nor the task difficulty. Additionally, lower presentation levels (55 and 65 dB) elicited better thresholds than the higher presentation levels (75 and 85 dB); however, the test difficulty varied slightly across the presentation levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The K-DIN test can be influenced by stimulus factors. Continued research is warranted to understand the accuracy and reliability of the test better, especially for its use as a promising clinical measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/ea/jao-2022-00472.PMC10126589.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9350862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Programs for Improving Speech Perception in Noise: A Review.","authors":"Nasrin Gohari,&nbsp;Zahra Hosseini Dastgerdi,&nbsp;Nematollah Rouhbakhsh,&nbsp;Sara Afshar,&nbsp;Razieh Mobini","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2022.00283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding speech in the presence of noise is difficult and challenging, even for people with normal hearing. Accurate pitch perception, coding and decoding of temporal and intensity cues, and cognitive factors are involved in speech perception in noise (SPIN); disruption in any of these can be a barrier to SPIN. Because the physiological representations of sounds can be corrected by exercises, training methods for any impairment can be used to improve speech perception. This study describes the various types of bottom-up training methods: pitch training based on fundamental frequency (F0) and harmonics; spatial, temporal, and phoneme training; and top-down training methods, such as cognitive training of functional memory. This study also discusses music training that affects both bottom-up and top-down components and speech training in noise. Given the effectiveness of all these training methods, we recommend identifying the defects underlying SPIN disorders and selecting the best training approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/aa/jao-2022-00283.PMC9884994.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10671156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Temporal Pattern Perception Test and Mismatch Negativity in Children With Auditory Processing Disorder and Dyslexia.","authors":"Roshan Shahinas Peer Mohammed Mohideen,&nbsp;MuthuSelvi Thangaraj","doi":"10.7874/jao.2022.00297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2022.00297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an objective test for assessing auditory function. The central auditory nervous system processes different stimuli in various ways. This can be assessed using MMN elicited with different stimuli in an \"oddball\" paradigm. This study evaluated temporal ordering skills using MMN with different durations of stimuli. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the results of the behavioral duration pattern test (DPT) with MMN in typically developing children versus children with dyslexia and auditory processing disorder (APD). Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two groups of children participated in the study. The experimental group included 16 children with APD and dyslexia who had scored below the age-matched scores in the DPT. The control group consisted of 16 typically developing children with age-matched scores in the DPT. MMN was elicited using the same stimuli (250 ms and 500 ms) as that of the DPT in both groups. MMN latency, MMN amplitude, and area under the curve were measured in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control group, children with APD and dyslexia showed increased MMN latency, reduced amplitude, and decreased area under the curve. There was a low correlation (r= -0.293, p<0.05) between MMN latency and DPT scores. The correlation between MMN amplitude and DPT scores was moderate (0.472, p<0.001). Furthermore, a strong correlation (0.536, p<0.001) between area under the curve and DPT scores was demonstrated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MMN amplitude and MMN area under the curve could serve as valid indicators during assessment of temporal ordering in children with APD and dyslexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/de/jao-2022-00297.PMC9884992.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9226676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Therapy of Choline Alfoscerate With Ginkgo biloba Monotherapy in Age-Related Hearing Loss: Effects and Outcomes.","authors":"Dae Hyun Kim, Young Joon Seo","doi":"10.7874/jao.2023.00192","DOIUrl":"10.7874/jao.2023.00192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Ginkgo biloba and choline alfoscerate are used as adjuvant treatment for presbycusis, but studies on how the monotherapy differs from the combination therapy are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the audiologic outcomes between Ginkgo biloba monotherapy and Ginkgo biloba and choline alfoscerate combination therapy. Subjects and.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study groups are divided into three: negative control, monotherapy, and combination therapy groups. All groups' pure tone audiometry was measured by dividing the study period into Initial, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15 months, and checked whether differences between groups were present.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination therapy showed less gradient gap than the monotherapy, indicating less hearing loss rate than the monotherapy. Based on the Kaplan-Meier curve, the combination therapy showed better results in terms of survival time of hearing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a pharmacological treatment for presbycusis, combination therapy shows better results than monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44886,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Audiology and Otology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}