Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics最新文献

{"title":"Model of higher school innovative process","authors":"Lidiya Aleksandrovna Tatarkina, Ekaterina Vitalievna Karelskaya","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-62-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-62-68","url":null,"abstract":"The paper touches upon the problem of the innovative activities in the higher school educational system. The innovative activities of universities in our country and abroad have been analyzed. The American, European and Asian models of design and construction of technoparks are described. The European model is found most suitable for implementing in Russia. The main methods of managing the educational process are shown. The model of the innovative process of the university is described through the structure of the educational-scientific-innovative complex. The basic concepts that define the innovation process in the university including the creation of technoparks are outlined. Efficiency of higher school activity is estimated. A technology is proposed to increase the efficiency of the university activity by creating an educational-scientific-innovative complex. The issues of knowledge management and education quality management are outlined. The broader interpretation of the innovative activities of universities is theoretically justified. Effective innovation is evaluated through the efficiency of the innovation process, which is defined as the ratio of proceeds from the implementation of an innovative product or service to the total costs of research, development, training, development of an innovative structure, taxes, debts and loan commitments. A model of the innovation process of the university is presented in the form of four blocks: educational, scientific, innovative, and consumer. The role of universities in developing technology, economics, education level, increase in the efficiency of using the capabilities of the university in the use of intellectual information resources is shown. The tasks of the educational-scientific-innovative complex of the university are outlined and the stages of the innovation process are described. The prospects of the research comprise the development of a model of innovative development of the university. The nature of innovation in universities and the conceptual model of the innovation process are described","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114492617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forming smart port system in logistic infrastructure of Northern Sea Route","authors":"N. Gviliya, A. Kochurova","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-89-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-89-95","url":null,"abstract":"Forming a system of smart ports in the logistics infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) has been analyzed. There are considered the cases of the current development of port infrastructure in the NSR, the world experience of implementing a smart port in the existing logistics infrastructure is analyzed, the ways to introduce this system into the port infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route to optimize logistics flows in the Russian Arctic are studied. The main share of volume indicators of ships in Russian ports in 2020 is illustrated. It has been stated that one of the leading positions, according to the main share of ship indicators, is occupied by the seaport of Murmansk, which, despite its location and climatic conditions, is the largest ice-free shipping hub not only in the Russian Federation, but in the global maritime space. A systematic approach including the general scientific and special research methods is applied: comparison, formalization, generalization, classification, analysis, synthesis. Based on the comparative analysis of the parameters of the traditional and smart ports, the key components of the smart port are identified: smart infrastructure, smart traffic flows, smart logistics. The large and technologically developed port of Rotterdam is presented as an example of successful development of the port infrastructure. Large-scale digitalization and innovations in the work of the hydrometeorological service of the port contribute to improving the operational efficiency and safety of ships, as well as reducing polluting emissions. It is proposed to take as a basis the studied digital innovations in the port of Rotterdam for the transformation of the ports of the Russian Arctic.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125745692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Client-centered approach to enterprise management in conditions of digital business transformation","authors":"Anastasiya Alekseevna Napalkova, Anastasiya Anatol'evna Loboda","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-36-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-36-45","url":null,"abstract":"Customer focus in the enterprise management system is an important condition for its functioning and a key success factor in a competitive environment. The problem of customer focus from the point of view of the process approach remains insufficiently studied. There are explored the approaches to the customer focus of an enterprise by using the method of content analysis. The basic postulates of the concept of customer relationship management are considered, which is aimed at optimizing the current and future consumer value for the company and ensuring a long-term competitive advantage through the optimal provision of value to the customer. The strategic role of CRM in company management is studied, which combines the potential of intelligent technologies and relationship marketing strategies to maintain profitable, long-term relationships with customers. The functions of CRM - systems in ensuring the enterprise’s customer orientation are highlighted. It has been proven that the development and widespread use of digital technologies can provide the necessary personalization to ensure a customer-oriented enterprise. It is noted that the digital transformation of business affects the intensive development of the company, providing maximum customer value and customer focus. In the context of omnichannel consumer behavior the companies need to be more flexible than before in order to meet consumer expectations and ensure a satisfying consumer experience. The general components of developing the enterprise’s customer orientation concept in the context of digital business transformation are presented. A model of a client-oriented enterprise based on business processes is proposed, which reflects the main important processes of creating the client capital aimed at effective interaction with customer in touchpoints.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130645695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of sea ports development in the USSR (1946-1955). Part II","authors":"M. V. Sabaydash","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-23-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-23-35","url":null,"abstract":"The main sources of post-war restoration and growth of the USSR maritime transport fleet, including those due to captured ships and the supply of ships as reparations, have been studied. The composition of the fleet by types of vessels was analyzed, their average age and deadweight were calculated, a comparison was made with the similar average world indicators and indicators of the previous years, the relationship of these indicators with the technical characteristics of ports was revealed. It has been determined, in which way the natural conditions and lack of funding influenced the development of seaports and shipping companies. The composition of port equipment was analyzed by sources and periods of receipt, a comparison was made of the level of technical equipment of ports with previous periods and with the equipment of seaports of some European countries. The change in the financial result for the port facilities has been studied. Comparison of indicators of profitability and cost of fixed assets of enterprises of the Ministry of Maritime Transport with similar indicators of enterprises of the Ministries of Industry, Agriculture, Communications and River Transport was carried out. The share of investments in the fixed capital of maritime transport enterprises in the total volume of investments in the fixed capital of state and cooperative enterprises of the USSR was analyzed. The state system of management of seaports and its changes have been studied, the management of interaction with other modes of transport has been investigated. The features of the distribution of material, labor and financial resources in the Soviet economy, their influence on the development of seaports are analyzed. The volumes of budgetary financing of maritime transport enterprises were studied, a comparison was made with the budgetary financing of railway and river transport, the Northern Sea Route, government bodies and state security bodies.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129226371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual model of management of human capital formation in organization","authors":"S. Kotov","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-7-14","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of identifying the category of “human capital” for the purposes of management activity is becoming urgent in the context of the development of socio-economic relations and the revision of the role of man as a productive force. Studying various interpretations of the category of “human capital”, both at the macroeconomic level and micro-level, as well as the causes and processes of the evolution of the attitude towards man as a factor of production, allowed formulating and adapting, for the purposes of human capital management, a conceptual model of the formation of the category under study, including various aspects of human capital at the organizational level. The process of evolution is considered through a system of gradual institutional changes in social reproduction, as a progressive change in not only macro- but also microeconomic views reflecting the interrelation of approaches at the level of the state and the firm. At the same time, management approaches in the firm are more specifically aimed at integrating the production and creative potential of a human resource into the formation of a new value. The model is based on the value chain of human value formation, which takes into account two conditions that are significant for economic entities: self-forming skills and qualifications within the framework of the institutional model of society and the motivational component of monetization of this qualification in practice. The proposed model makes it possible to vary the personnel potential management system at the corporate level through mechanisms for improving individual qualification requirements, knowledge and skills, taking into account institutional constraints.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123854757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamentals of formation and problems of development of small and medium-sized enterprises: digital transformation","authors":"R. Blizkiy, Y. Lebedinskaya","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-55-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-55-61","url":null,"abstract":"The modern assessment of the state of the economy in the world has become widespread in the context of the systemic paradigm, according to which two aspects of the consideration of the economy can be distinguished: interaction of macroeconomics with the state and society; space-time continuum of different levels of the economy (micro-, meso- and macro levels). In terms of the ongoing global political contradictions, financial and economic crises, socio-ethnic conflicts, COVID-19 restrictions, the issues of in-depth understanding of sustainable mechanisms for economic development are of particular relevance, which involves the development of approaches and measures aimed at stable formation and development in small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The solutions are to be found and the scientific hypotheses expressed in assessing the features of the formation and development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation are to be formed in the context of digital transformation of business processes. There is studied a wealth of patterns, which accompany various aspects of the formation and development of SMEs, taking into account the harmonization of the features of digital transformations in the field of economic, legal, socio-economic and accounting and analytical systems and tracks of their acceleration. The factors influencing the formation and development of SMEs are graphically interpreted, the main stages in the evolution of the formation of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation are characterized, and the problems, trends, prospects and main determinants of the features of the development of the object under study are identified through a content analysis and institutional, sociological and economic analysis. There has been worked out a concept of prospects for the development of digital transformation of SMEs including the four main areas (internal potential, adaptive business environment, availability of strategic resources, institutional regulation), which provide a faster transition to the new forms of organizing and running business.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121298976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of developing media behavior and media preferences of consumers of different classes of goods in social networks","authors":"E. Kmet","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-96-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-96-105","url":null,"abstract":"Customers’ behavior in social networks is continually developing. Businesses are tracking the changes in the consumers’ preferences for the categories of their products, which is important for developing the effective promotion. The methods of studying the features of the consumers’ media behavior and media preferences for the different categories of goods in the social networks includes the following elements: relevance, subject, goals, and tasks of the research topic; characteristics of methods and technologies for collecting and analyzing the data; description of each stage of the research process; formulation of hypotheses on the correlation between consumers’ media behavior and media preferences in social networks and their interest in various categories of goods; technology for testing the hypotheses and processing survey results in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS); algorithm for developing proposals for promoting certain categories of goods in social networks. The methods are of interest and applicable for any business focusing on a certain category of goods. The methods were tested on the basis of empirical research in the form of a survey, the results of which allowed developing a set of proposals for promoting the top categories of goods, which are purchased on the Internet most often, in social networks. The set of proposals has been formed by selecting the core (a set of parameters common to the consumers of all goods) and peculiarities (features dominating in the characteristics of consumers’ behavior only for a certain category of goods) of consumers’ media behavior and media preferences in social networks.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126456917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic efficiency of development of ship shafting diagnosis system","authors":"G. A. Kushner, A. Ruban, Olga Anatolievna Gavrilova, M. Shendo","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-69-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-69-77","url":null,"abstract":"The ship shafting ensures the operation of power plants for a significant number of ships of the Russian fleet. Improving the methods of increasing its reliability is an important and urgent task. Part of the loads acting on the propeller and intermediate shafts are random in time and magnitude, that is why it becomes necessary to create a diagnostic system to record the loads and assess the technical condition in real time. The project for creating such a system is knowledge-intensive and involves a large amount of R&D and attraction of investments. There has been suggested an approach to substantiate R&D based on the description of its novelty, commercialization prospects, market analysis and segmentation, business model and calculation of planned economic indicators. The results of the statistical analysis of ship shafting failures are given. An approach is proposed to improve the reliability of a ship power plant based on the simultaneous registration of torsional, transverse and longitudinal vibrations. A quantitative assessment of the market volume was carried out, taking into account the volatility of the exchange rate. The total market size is estimated by the number of vessels in operation by using the methodology of PAM, TAM, SAM and SOM indicators. The target audience of the project was determined by available distribution channels. A nine-block model and commercialization scheme have been developed. The results of calculating the economic efficiency of the investment project are given: net present value and internal rate of return. The results obtained and the applied approaches can serve as a basis for substantiating the investment attractiveness of high-tech projects in the shipbuilding industry.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124774050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological aspects of formation and use of benchmarks for trade enterprises","authors":"T. Tilindis, Marina Alekseevna Demchenko","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-106-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-106-120","url":null,"abstract":"At the present stage of development of the enterprises including the trading companies there emerges a problem of competitiveness in the different spheres, especially in the conditions of constant changes. One of the tools contributing to the solution of the problem is benchmarking, which allows enterprises to adapt quickly and easily enough to an intensified competition, particularly in a constantly changing environment. In classical understanding benchmarking is a comparison with a standard. A benchmark can be an object, a business-process, performance indicators, methods of the competitor, in relation to which the comparison is carried out. Presence of benchmarking is obligatory in application of a benchmarking tool. As a result of analysis of the use of benchmarking and existing techniques, the structure of benchmarking was identified and justified, which served as a basis for the methodology of formation and use of benchmarking for trade enterprises. The structure of benchmarking includes its elements, requirements and conditions of definition and use. This understanding of the structure is revealed when analyzing the complex of terms: “quality”, “consumer”, “cost”, “benchmarking”. Taking into account the formed structure of benchmarking, research of available methods on using and implementation of benchmarking has been conducted, from which a unified method has been chosen for the service sector. On the basis of the criteria, the stage “Benchmark identification and establishment” was introduced into the phase “Benchmark identification”. The method became a part of the improved approach to the implementation and use of benchmarking for service enterprises, including trade. The method helps to increase the effectiveness of a benchmarking tool, which in turn provides an improvement in the overall performance of companies.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115165849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of intellectual capital of organization in conditions of digitalization","authors":"O. Nedoluzhko","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-46-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-46-54","url":null,"abstract":"Development of intellectual capital is becoming increasingly important due to the impact of digitalization and development of the digital economy. The review of domestic and foreign studies made it possible to conclude that there are problems in existing approaches to the assessment of intellectual capital at the present stage. As the main drawback of foreign studies, one can note concentrating on the narrow aspect of the impact of investments in intangible assets on the performance of an organization with an emphasis on the use of methods of mathematical statistics. As the main drawback of the research of the Russian scientists, there can be noted their excessive theoretical interest, abstract and fragmented concepts of the knowledge economy and intellectual capital as its key resource. There appears a need to clarify the indicators for assessing intellectual capital, which will make it possible to more effectively implement managerial influences on the processes of its development. Under the influence of digitalization trends the development of intellectual capital is undergoing changes, and in order to improve the effectiveness of its management, it is necessary to take into account the change in the composition of assessment indicators. There has been found the need to improve the methodology for assessing intellectual capital, allowing to take into account the nature of changes in the process of its development in the digital economy. A review of modern views on the essence of the phenomenon of intellectual capital and digitalization trends was made. The specifics of the formation of elements of intellectual capital under the influence of the identified features of digitalization has been determined. The composition of indicators for assessing the formation of intellectual capital elements in accordance with digitalization trends has been specified. Based on the results of a survey of managers of small and medium-sized businesses in the Primorsky Kray, the modified methodology was assessed for the possibility of its practical application. The results obtained can be used to form an idea of what processes it is currently expedient to manage in the first place in order to increase the efficiency of the company’s management systems.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115635098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}