Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics最新文献

{"title":"Professional standards as tool to improve efficiency of enterprise employee management","authors":"Irina Evgenievna Fadeeva, Sofiya Vadimovna Bogachkova","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-7-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the concept of a professional standard. The topical issues of using professional standards as an element of human resource management at the enterprise level are analyzed. The stages of integrating the professional standards in the organization are given, HR processes in the company are considered. The role of the professional standard in the system of labor legislation and law is determined. The structure of the professional standard is illustrated. Questions of methodology and normative registration, practice of formation and use of professional standards in the economic activity of enterprises are presented. Forms of development and high-quality training of managers and specialists based on the application of a system for introducing professional standards into the practice of an enterprise have been identified. The reasons influencing the creation of a system for determining and strengthening the normative significance and specific requirements for the professional activities of personnel are presented and justified. The situation that requires the development of business communities and vocational education, providing high-quality training of personnel of the required level, is analyzed. The introduction of a system of professional standards as an integral part of the creation of effective functioning mechanisms of interaction between an enterprise, an employee and the state has been studied. The advantages of introducing a system of professional standards for employers are determined. The institute of professional standard is presented as a fundamental element of the national system of qualifications and the legal implementation of professional standards in the activities of an organization for human resource management. The result of the introduction of professional standards is a model of staff development, consideration of job responsibilities from the position of labor functions, knowledge and skills of the employee.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117097304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing digital competencies in implementation of master’s degree programs (case of universities in Vladivostok)","authors":"Valentina Vladimirovna Zhohova, A. A. Petropavlovskaya","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-107-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-107-116","url":null,"abstract":"The guideline of higher education is aimed at training a highly qualified specialist in accordance with the needs of modern society. The impact of the digital economy on developing the key competencies and training in-demand graduates of higher educational institutions in the regional labor market have been studied. The analysis of scientific articles was carried out, which confirms that excessive fascination with the ideas of digitalization can contribute to a decrease in the teachers’ activity, there is also a risk of reducing the creative potential of students, reducing their mental activity and poor socialization. The process of implementing the master’s programs in the Vladivostok universities (cases of Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service and Maritime State University after admiral G. I. Nevelskoy), developing the key knowledge and skills in the learning process of undergraduates and determining the level of digital competence of students are studied in details. The initial results of empirical studies of the processes involving the subjects of the master’s programs of the universities of Vladivostok are presented. The results of interviewing the teachers of the master’s degree programs and the undergraduates’ survey on using the modern educational technologies in training the undergraduates of universities are reflected. The conclusion is made about the spread of online and interactive learning, project activities and the use of network programs. A study characterizing the level of formation of digital competencies of master’s degree students has been presented.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132079745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of digital economy in Russia in context of global trends","authors":"T. Levchenko, E. Konvisarova","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-34-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-34-41","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the digital economy has been defined as one of the national priorities of the Russian Federation, because the level of the digital economy in Russia is somewhat behind the global leaders now, when the widespread use of digital technologies is beyond doubt. To achieve the goals in the field of digitalization facing Russian business and government bodies, a scientific and methodological base is needed to take into account the actual theoretical approaches and concepts of the digital economy based on the analysis of the world experience in digitalization, the achievements of leading countries and the problems of Russia identified by the Russian and world experts. Constructing the base is a topical area of scientific research. Development of digital business transformation are of particular importance, since the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises and the results obtained directly determine a whole range of factors of the development of the national economy and social sphere. Theoretical approaches to the concept of the digital economy are generalized and the prospects for its development in Russia are outlined, taking into account the global trends that must be applied to control digitalization processes at the micro and macro levels. There have been used the statistical data, results of scientific researches of the Russian and foreign authors and organizations. The concepts of the digital economy are considered and the evolutionary relationship of their development is revealed; there has been analyzed the level of digital competitiveness of Russia in the context of factors and sub-factors and taken into account the global trends; the trends in the development of the digital economy in Russia have been identified through SWOT analysis; the conceptual scheme of digital transformation has been illustrated, its main elements and the relationship between them have been established.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132801412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialty goods market as alternative type of investment","authors":"D. Maksimov","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-134-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-134-140","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the alternative types of investment in the conditions of the economic crisis during the last few years. Investors not only do not receive profit, but also lose their invested funds as a result of bankruptcy of enterprises, closing banks and lower prices for natural resources. In the current situation, in order to increase their fortune, rich people are looking for alternative, more stable sources for investing. An alternative investment direction is investing in special demand goods: precious stones, art and antiques. The analysis results are presented, which indicate that over the past six years in the domestic and foreign markets there has been a decrease in sales of art objects. It has been stated that over the past ten years in the antiques market, the increase was almost 50%, however, this market has certain risks, in particular, the risk is the forgery of antiques and art objects. When investing in antiques, it is necessary to strictly follow the legislation that establishes strict restrictions on the movement of these objects across the border, with regard to art objects, a cultural value provision is applied, which does not allow the acquisition of those items that are of particular importance to the country. It is concluded that investing in goods of special demand is quite attractive for investors due to the high cost of such goods and the rise in price with each subsequent year, at the same time, this type of inspection is accompanied by special risks. In order to determine the most effective and profitable investment objects, it is necessary to have extensive knowledge in the field of culture, legislation, as well as conduct ongoing market research.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124378615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wang Shu. Studying behavior of consumers of catering services of Chinese enterprises (case of Tianjin)","authors":"E. Kmet, Wang Shu","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-117-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-117-126","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the problems of the official restaurant market in the People’s Republic of China. With the high growth rates of the catering market in China (mainly in the large cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Chengdu, Baoding, Linyi, Guangzhou), there is a decrease in demand for such services in the city of Tianjin. The rating of the popularity of restaurants in Tianjin in February 2022 is given. The problems that affect the decline in demand for catering services in the city are listed, experts’ studies are analyzed. The behavior of consumers of Chinese catering services is constantly evolving, it is influenced by a large number of factors controlled and not controlled by enterprises. The results of studying the behavior of the Chinese consumers make the basis for taking measures to influence the behavior, which will ensure the achievement of the intended goals at the lowest cost. The presented methodological approach to developing the proposals for managing the behavior of consumers of Chinese catering services includes the research process, structure of the questionnaire and the technology of processing the survey results in a static package. The research process includes four stages, the structure of the questionnaire presents questions that can describe three areas of the research: the preferred restaurants, factors influencing the consumer behavior at each stage of the purchasing decision, a portrait of respondents. The proposed technology of processing the survey results in statistical package includes descriptive (frequency) analysis and testing the hypotheses on the relationship between multiple and univariant variables by using Pearson’s chi-squared analysis. Verification of the proposed methodological approach was carried out on the basis of a survey of residents of Tianjin, China. The obtained results of testing the hypotheses confirm that the study should be conducted among the Chinese consumers of catering services in different cities of the PRC. The conclusions and study results are of practical interest for planning measures to influence the behavior of consumers of services of specific catering enterprises of the city.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123066120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of risk factors of agricultural production in Astrakhan region","authors":"E. V. Sviridova, O. Gavrilova, S. A. Khechoyan","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-89-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-89-94","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the conditions for risk factors, classifies them, determines the specific risk-forming factors inherent in the Astrakhan region of the agricultural industry. There have been developed methods to reduce the influence of risk-forming factors in the agro-industrial complex. The main types of production and market risks in agriculture influencing the commodity producers are analyzed. The specificity, abundance and uncontrolled nature of risks lower the investment attractiveness of the industry. Today not only agricultural producers, but also the state should prevent from reducing the level of agricultural risks, which will be an effective step in attracting private investment into the industry. There has been proposed a basis for building a risk management system which helps the agrarian managers correctly assess the current market, production and climatic situation, predict the future and develop measures to reduce risks to the level at which they will not have a significant impact on the development of the enterprise. The structure of selling the physical volume of agricultural products of the Astrakhan region in 2021 is analyzed. It has been stated that a promising direction for the development of crop production in the Astrakhan region is the production of greenhouse vegetables. The characteristics of vegetable production, which determine specific sources of risks, are listed. Tools and methods for reducing risks in agriculture of the Astrakhan region are studied in detail. Conclusions are drawn about the need to apply the practical and applied methods, techniques and mechanisms, taking into account the specifics of the industry, as well as the managerial nature of both individual enterprises and the industry as a whole.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116663677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing ideology of harmonious production","authors":"A. Mukhin, V. Larionov, G. Ganina, Yuri Andreevich Ostrovskij, A. Yakovleva","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-1-15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-1-15-22","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the important role of production in the social life. One of the aspects of its consideration is the ideology of production. The complexity of modern production systems describing associated with the development of automation, with the increasing importance of social engineering causes an increase in the uncertainty of optimization-oriented models. Solving the problem of increasing complexity requires the application of a harmonization approach to the organization of production. It is proposed to use a producer-product approach to the analysis of production. Developing the tasks of production activity can be seen in the form of a sequence of “spiritual production - the establishment of needs - the formation of consumer goods - material production”, taking into account the fact that spiritual production provides verbal rules of behavior that reflect the moral and moral foundations that are most common in society. The sequence is based on two types of decision making in production related to the attitude to needs - hedonic and responsible. According to these types, two approaches to building production based on the principle of maximization (optimization) and the principle of harmonization, respectively, are formed. It has been stated that the product-producing approach to the analysis of production is identical to both the principle of harmonization and the principle of maximization and provides a solution to the problems of developing production both on the basis of hedonistic and responsible ideologies. To solve the problem of creating an ideology of harmonious production it is proposed to develop a new complex system including the rules of conduct, consumption standards and types of material production. It is recommended to form the ideology of harmonious production, using a single worldview, built on a responsible principle. In the development of production, including from the standpoint of efficiency, a responsible ideology has an advantage over a hedonistic ideology, which is associated with an orientation towards the realization of needs related to life support and the implementation of individual production.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116786668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of perspective directions of development of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in economic system of Ural Federal District","authors":"Anna Eduardovna Kovalskaya, I. Oleynikova","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-1-50-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-1-50-61","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development of the national economy is mainly due to the balanced and steady development of its regions. The vast territory of Russia led to the formation of federal districts, which present a unity of the certain territories, on which relatively coordinated mechanisms of territorial development are formed, taking into account the socio-economic characteristics of the regions that are part of macroregions - federal districts. There arises an applied scientific interest in studying the general trends and strategic priorities for the development of a particular federal district, which influence the formation of development prospects for the subjects of the federation. The key socio-economic indicators of the development of the Ural Federal District have been analyzed, the structural and dynamic features of the regions included in its composition have been defined. The strategic priorities of the territorial development of the Ural Federal District are identified, which are detailed in the regional strategies for long-term socio-economic development. Based on the analysis of the territorial specifics of the socio-economic development of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, its significance in the development of the macroregion is determined, and the most acute problems of economic and social development are identified. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug was assessed in three main areas (groups of factors): parameter “Person”, parameter “Economy”, parameter “Space”. MatFigs of the SWOT-analysis are illustrated for the priority areas under consideration, which present the factors, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the region. The priority areas for the development of the raw and non-resource sectors of the regional economy of the okrug were identified, strengthening its balanced and progressive development.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114745389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital transformation of economy: challenges and new reality","authors":"V. Larionov, E. Sheremetyeva, L. A. Gorshkova","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-1-7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-1-7-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the main features of the modern digital economy in Russia. The challenges of the digital economy and the peculiarities of the business structures functioning in view of the new digital reality are analyzed. There have been considered the peculiarities of the influence of digital technologies on the construction of a new economic model, referred to as the “platform-network model”. The active presence of enterprises of various economic sectors in the information environment helps them to sell products, conclude bargains, hold PR campaigns, recruit manpower, manage the production processes. There is considered a blockchain - one of the technologies in the economy. Blockchain technology is based on using a continuous sequence of block chains containing information and subject to special rules. The changes in the financial sector are analyzed. Modern digital technologies make it possible to transfer money, pay for purchases, manage deposits, thereby reducing the use of coins and banknotes when buying goods and services. It is stated that the financial sector organizations are able to increase their customer base because of the internet platforms specializing in financial services. Application of digital technologies in the banking sector reduces the time necessary to bring new banking products to the market and lowers the cost of basic processes. Changing the business model is related to creating a new type of platform-network business. It has been inferred that the introduction of artificial intelligence, automation of processes based on the use of computer programs lead to the release of labor and people are not prepared for these changes. The development of the digital economy is also changing competitive relations in the market. The market leadership of companies is considered as an unstable phenomenon. Due to the active use of digital technologies digital companies that built their activities on the basis of platforms, development of related industries, and transfer of their core activities to the network space can become leaders.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124737519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Republic of Iran: embedding in global trends in development of world economy","authors":"Marina Borisovna Myedvyedyeva, Elena Borisovna Starodubtsyeva","doi":"10.24143/2073-5537-2022-1-62-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-1-62-69","url":null,"abstract":"The Islamic Republic of Iran, as an actor in the world economy, is developing in accordance with the emerging trends, however, the manifestation of these trends is quite individual. The place and role of Iran in the modern world are considered, the features of its development and expansion of cooperation, primarily, trade in the conditions of imposed sanctions are analyzed. It was stated that Iran also pursues a protectionist policy towards a number of countries. It is proved that Iran is quite seriously implemented in the world economy, which allows us to talk about the manifestation of the main trends in the Iranian economy, in particular, development and regionalization, within the framework of which Iran’s cooperation and promising relations with the EAEU within the framework of a member of this organization, cooperation with China and India within the framework of the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative and the Transcontinental Transport Corridor “North-South”, the Organization for Economic Cooperation. It is said that Iran does not remain aloof from the development of the digitalization and from the circulation of cryptocurrencies, the introduction of digital money, the development of its own payment system, its own Internet. There are considered the means of regulating this area, in particular, of mining and of developing digital money. The impact of the pandemic on the development of the considered trends is proved. The factors determining the future development of Iran are identified. It has been inferred that global trends will continue to manifest themselves in six main scenarios: from the great economic decline (least likely) to the economic prosperity. It is found that further economic transformations carried out under the influence of these trends will contribute to the development of the country.","PeriodicalId":448422,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131366013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}