Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

{"title":"Psychosocial Contradictions in the Transition to Adulthood for Patients with Congenital Heart Disease - A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Faramarz Kalhor, Zahra Tagharrobi, Mohsen Taghadosi","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_300_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_300_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While survival into adulthood among individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) has markedly improved, the psychosocial challenges accompanying the transition to adult care remain underexplored, particularly in diverse cultural contexts. This study explored the lived experiences and psychosocial contradictions of young adults with CHD in Iran, emphasizing the influence of cultural and systemic factors on this transition.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive approach was used to capture the experiences of 15 individuals aged 16-40 years, who were diagnosed with CHD, along with five family caregivers and six healthcare providers (HCPs). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed through conventional content analysis to identify key patterns and underlying meanings within the narratives. Data management and systematic coding were facilitated via MAXQDA (version 2020).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main themes revealed profound psychosocial contradictions: (1) \"Caught between Independence and Fear,\" describing the struggle between autonomy and anxiety over leaving pediatric care; (2) \"Hidden Illness, Visible Self,\" highlighting the dissonance between outward appearance and internal limitations; (3) \"Identity in Question,\" involving uncertainty in self-perception shaped by chronic illness; and (4) \"Navigating an uncertain future,\" capturing concerns about long-term health, relationships, and life planning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed that transitioning to adulthood with CHD is fraught with psychosocial contradictions extending beyond clinical management. Our findings highlight an urgent need for holistic, culturally tailored support systems in Iran that integrate psychosocial well-being with clinical continuity. These insights can empower healthcare providers, families, and policymakers to develop more empathetic and effective transition strategies, including culturally sensitive counseling and improved access to information.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Men in Preconception Care - The Road Not Taken.","authors":"Kavitha Ramanathan, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Fadwa Alhalaiqa, Porkodi Arjunan","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_2_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_2_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived Experience of Individuals Covered by Harm Reduction Centers in Isfahan: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Mohammad Azadmanesh, Mahrokh Keshvari, Azam Esmaeili, Somayyeh Sadegh, Zohreh Noorollahi, Tayebeh Karimi","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_433_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_433_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Addiction is among the most pressing matters across the globe. Harm reduction (HR) is among the most basic public health approaches aimed at altering high-risk behaviors in the addict population. The authors of the present work sought to investigate the health issues of addicted people through a qualitative study of the \"lived experience of individuals covered by harm reduction centers in Isfahan.\"</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The researcher in this qualitative research conducted in-depth 30-45-min semistructured interviews with 35 individuals utilizing the services of six HR centers in Isfahan and some of their family members. The data collected from interviews were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method, employing Granheim and Lundman's conventional inductive approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants had a mean (SD) age of 38 ± 3.5, among whom 77.14% were unemployed, 48.57% were illiterate, and 80% used drugs more than once daily. Codes were classified into the three main categories of reasons behind addiction, reasons behind quitting, and various life challenges of respondents, encompassing 14 subcategories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings from the interviews and identified challenges suggested the imperativeness of further attention to the studied population regarding health, well-being, and socio-economic issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"304-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs of Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Trauma Admitted to the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Maryam Tavangar, Azade Safa, Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_403_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_403_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family caregivers (FCs) play a vital role in supporting the care of older adults with trauma admitted to the emergency departments (EDs). However, their needs are often unmet and overlooked by healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess the needs of FCs of older adults with trauma admitted to the EDs in Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 at Shahid-Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, involving 402 FCs of older adult trauma patients. Participants were recruited through consecutive sampling. Data were collected using the Questionnaire for the Assessment of the Needs of Caregivers of Patients with Trauma in the Emergency Department (QANCPT). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed using.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) age of FCs was 44.80 (12.90) years, and 52.98% were female. Among patients, 45.02% were female, and falls were the most common cause of their injury (50.25%). The mean (SD) overall needs score was 2.47 (0.32) out of 4. In regression analysis, caregiver needs were associated with their own education level and gender, as well as patient-related factors, including age, number of children, length of ED stay, and cause and location of injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FCs of older trauma patients reported substantial unmet needs in the ED. Acknowledging and addressing these needs is essential for healthcare providers in the ED. Doing so can significantly improve both the patient care process and recovery outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Cyberloafing as a New Antecedent of Nurse Work Performance.","authors":"T Öztürk Yıldırım, H Kuşcu Karatepe","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_395_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_395_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because the use of social media and social networking sites during work hours is increasing, the effect of such behaviors (defined as social cyberloafing) on nurse performance must be investigated. This study was conducted to determine the effect of nurses' social cyberloafing on their individual work performance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with 213 nurses working in private hospitals between April and May of 2022 in Turkey. Data were collected using the Social Cyberloafing Scale (SCS) and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean social cyberloafing score of the nurses was 3.20, and the mean individual work performance score was 3.66. A significant and positive correlation was found between the mean scores of the SCS and the IWPQ (r: 0.41; <i>p</i> < 0.01). SC had a significant and positive effect on IWP (t: 5.37; <i>β</i> =0.68; <i>R</i> ² = 0.16), SC had a significant and positive effect on Task Performance (t: 5.97; <i>β</i> =0.38; <i>R</i> ² = 0.15), SC had a significant and positive effect on Contextual Performance (t: 4.13; <i>β</i> =0.31; <i>R</i> ² = 0.10), and SC had a significant and negative effect on Counterproductive Work Behavior (t: -3.27; <i>β</i> = -0.26; <i>R</i> ² = 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, nurses' social cyberloafing was found to be moderate, and their individual work performance was found to be high. It was found that as nurses' social cyberloafing increased, their individual work performance also increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Prenatal Care Quality and Related Factors after the Implementation of the Family Physician Program in Northwest Iran.","authors":"Akbar Javan Biparva, Yousef Norouzicham Yousefali, Elyas Hosseinzadeh, Tohid Jafari Koshki","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_370_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_370_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prenatal Care (PNC) is a fundamental topic of the family physician program. This study aimed to evaluate the PNC quality and related factors after the Implementation of the Family Physician Program in northwest Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 pregnant women visiting four Comprehensive Health Services centers in Tabriz City, in 2019. Samples from each center were selected proportionally to the size of the center over 3 months. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on PNC assessment. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 95% of participants were homemakers with a mean age of 29.5) 5.74) years, and 60% had planned pregnancies. Participants who visited healthcare providers regularly reported a higher quality of care. The quality of care significantly varied depending on the referral location for receiving care. Lower education levels in mothers, utilization of preconception care, and early referrals to care centers were associated with enhanced care quality (<i>p</i>-value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The gap between perceived quality of care and actual standards reveals strong associations between care quality and factors such as regular visits, referral sources, maternal education, preconception care, and timely access to care. It is recommended to implement targeted interventions in these areas to enhance PNC quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"219-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Iranian Migrant Nurses: A Qualitative Insight into their Experiences Abroad.","authors":"Farinaz Moghaddasi, Ali Akbar Fazaeli, Maryam Zahmatkesh, Abbas Ebadi, Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_445_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_445_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, the migration of Iranian nurses has significantly increased. They are faced with various professional and social challenges during their transition. This study explored these challenges faced by Iranian migrant nurses in three primary destination countries: Germany, Denmark, and Australia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of 20 Iranian migrant nurses (8 in Australia, 8 in Denmark, and 4 in Germany). Data were collected via semi-structured, audio-recorded online interviews conducted between April and August 2024. Each interview lasted approximately 45 minutes. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method, supported by MAXQDA software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis revealed four main themes reflecting complex challenges faced by Iranian migrant nurses: Professional Transition Challenges, Economic Vulnerability, and Cultural and Social Dislocation. Professional Transition Challenges included unrecognized prior qualifications, diminished professional competencies, limited opportunities for advancement, and language-related difficulties in professional and clinical communication. Economic Vulnerability involved financial strain due to high living costs and economic instability, substantial expenses related to visas and exams, and negative impact of currency fluctuations. Cultural and Social Dislocation was marked by difficulties in cultural adaptation, value conflicts, experiences of discrimination, and strained interactions. Psychological and Emotional Strain included persistent loneliness, homesickness, anxiety, and identity disruption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the complex challenges faced by Iranian migrant nurses and emphasize the need for targeted support policies in host countries. Addressing issues like ethical recruitment, financial support, and language training can facilitate their integration and improve healthcare outcomes in host countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"310-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caring Behaviors and Job Involvement among Cardiac Nurses: A Descriptive Study.","authors":"Safoura Dorri, Seyed A Rasooli","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_415_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_415_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases present significant challenges to healthcare systems, highlighting the need for nurses capable of providing high-quality care. Caring behaviors and job involvement are key factors that significantly influence the quality of care delivered in cardiac units. This study aimed to identify the determinants of these factors among nurses working in cardiac units.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2023 to determine the predictors of caring behavior and job involvement among 220 cardiac unit nurses in Iran (Isfahan). Data were collected using random sampling and demographic questionnaires, Kanungo's Job Involvement questionnaires, and Wolf's Caring Behaviors Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS V.26, including descriptive statistics, independent <i>t</i>-test, and ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that the mean (SD) age of participants was 32.43 (6.83) years, with 27.7% male and 72.3% female nurses. The nurses reported an above-average caring behaviors score of 82.53 (9.97) and a moderate job involvement level of 24.1 (6.38). Caring behaviors was significantly correlated with marital status, work experience, ward and hospital of employment, and professional interest (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Job involvement was also significantly associated with gender, education level, marital status, employment status, work experience, hospital of employment, and professional interest (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Providing high-quality care in cardiac units requires consideration of factors beyond nurses' education, permanent job position, or age. In the Iranian cultural context, married nurses with more work experience, a greater interest in their profession, and a positive relationship with their work environment demonstrated higher job involvement and better caring behaviors toward cardiac patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"298-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Virtual Breastfeeding Counseling on Breastfeeding Self- Efficacy and Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Behnoosh Jalili Khoei, Farideh Kazemi, Soodabeh Aghababaei, Batoul Khodakarami","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_385_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_385_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal self-efficacy plays a pivotal role in achieving exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of virtual breastfeeding counseling based on Rapport building, Exploration, Decision-making, and Implementation (REDI) approach on breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) and EBF rates among breastfeeding women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized clinical trial was conducted in comprehensive health centers in Hamadan City, Iran, from 2023 to 2024. Using the block randomization method, 70 eligible participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control groups. Data were collected using a demographic and reproductive characteristics checklist, the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale (BSES), and a breastfeeding status follow-up checklist. The intervention consisted of one face-to-face breastfeeding counseling session followed by ten virtual sessions guided by the REDI model consultation framework. Data were analyzed using Stata software, with statistical significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in demographic and reproductive characteristics between the study groups, and mean (SD) BSES scores before the intervention (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the mean (SD) BSES scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than that in the control group (t = 2.40; <i>P</i> = 0.01). Moreover, the 6-month EBF maintenance was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (61.30% vs. 33.30%; <i>P</i> = 0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study suggest that virtual counseling intervention is effective in improving breastfeeding outcomes. Specifically, these interventions appear to enhance BSE and increase EBF rates during the critical first 6 months postpartum.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"269-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Program in Improving Knowledge and Skills Among Nursing Officers Working in Maternal and Child Health Wards.","authors":"Sonia, Akoijam Mamata Devi, Deepak","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_251_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_251_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Newborn resuscitation involves reviving a newborn soon after birth to ensure normal breathing and circulation. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and skills of nursing officers in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 nursing officers, with 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. They were working in Maternal and Child Health wards from March to April 2022. The participants were selected through simple random sampling from SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute and Kalawati Hospital in Gurugram, Haryana, India. The experimental group received a full day of hands-on Neonatal Resuscitation training on a rotating basis. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and checklist to assess the knowledge and skills of both groups. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS for calculating frequency, percentage, Chi-square, and paired <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the experimental group, the mean (standard deviation (SD)) knowledge score increased from 12.46 (1.85) to 17.80 (2.07). However, there was no improvement in the control group 12.1 (2.84) to 11.70 (2.76). The mean (SD) skill level also increased in the experimental group from 9.43 (2.48) to 12.60 (2.71) as compared with the control group, from 9.73 (1.74) to 9.73 (1.50). A paired <i>t</i>-test was used, showing a significant difference between pre- and postknowledge (t₆₀ = 7.55, <i>p</i> = 0.05) and skills scores (t60 = 32.97, <i>p</i> = 0.05) among the experimental group, with no significant difference in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concluded that participation in a skill training program significantly improved the knowledge and abilities of nursing officers in neonatal resuscitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"201-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}