Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research最新文献

{"title":"The Association between Attitude, knowledge, and Social Support and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Postpartum Women in Indonesia.","authors":"Nurus Safaah, Miftahul Munir, Esti Yunitasari, Budi Prasetyo, Mira Triharini, Pipit Feriani","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_250_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_250_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The problem faced during the puerperium period is the inability of some women to engage in breastfeeding. Several factors, including self-efficacy, influence the breastfeeding rate. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and the level of knowledge, social support, and attitudes toward breastfeeding in early postpartum women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used with postpartum primipara as the population from day 14 to 42 days. A total of 180 respondents were selected as samples, and the variables measured were breastfeeding self-efficacy, level of knowledge about breastfeeding, social support for breastfeeding, and attitudes toward breastfeeding. A total of 180 respondents were selected using purposive sampling, and the variables measured were breastfeeding self-efficacy, level of knowledge, social support, and attitudes toward breastfeeding using a questionnaire. Additionally, the data obtained were examined utilizing Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that breastfeeding women's knowledge, social support, and attitudes accounted for 26.36% of the variation in the score of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Breastfeeding self-efficacy scores, as well as knowledge (<i>t</i> = 4.24, <i>p</i> < 0.001), social support (<i>t</i> = 2.56, <i>p</i> = 0.011), and attitudes toward breastfeeding (<i>t</i> = 4.44, <i>p</i> < 0.001), were found to have significant relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Positive breastfeeding self-efficacy in breastfeeding can influence knowledge, social support, and improved attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 3","pages":"408-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13375175/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Thymbra Spicata and Ferulago Angulata on Second Degree Burn Wound: A Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Alireza Vasiee, MohammadHossein Sahami Gilan, Fatemeh Darabzadeh, Naser Abbasi, Masoud Fasihi, Nasibeh Ghalandari, Aliashraf Mozafari, Hori Ghaneialvar","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_82_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_82_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Burns are categorized as a kind of trauma, as they may be a strong, life-threatening stressor that causes major problems, delaying the healing process. So, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of the combined ointment of <i>Thymbra spicata</i> and <i>Ferulago angulata</i> extracts on second-degree burn wounds.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In 2024, a triple-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted on 72 second-degree burn patients randomly allocated into two groups with randomized allocation software. The 36 participants in the intervention group received a combination ointment of <i>Thymbra spicata</i> and <i>Ferulago angulata</i> extracts thrice a day for 6 days with routine treatment. The Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) was completed before and after the intervention. Statistical tests were included: paired <i>t</i>, independent <i>t</i>, Chi-square, and difference-in-difference regression, which were conducted at the level of significance considered less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before the intervention, there was no meaningful variation in the mean scores of wound healing between the control and intervention groups by independent <i>t</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.600). However, after the intervention, its variation was meaningful in the intervention group by paired <i>t</i> (26.59 (1.55)) versus the control group (35.10 (1.69)) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Also, assessing the group effect and time effect and adjusting the model showed that in the intervention group, second-degree burn wound healing has statistically significant variation by difference in difference regression (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using a combination of <i>Ferulago angulata</i> and <i>Thymbra spicata</i> extracts thrice a day may significantly improve burn wound healing after second-degree burns.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 3","pages":"529-535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13375193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Self-Management Practices on the Occurrence of Diabetic Ulcers Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South Kalimantan - Indonesia.","authors":"Candra Kusuma Negara, Tintin Sukartini, Nursalam, Endang Pertiwiwati, Noor Diani, Ricky Prawira, Lucia Chrismilasari, Theresia Jamini, Bernadeta Trihandini, Dania Relina Sitompul, Yuseran, Naimatul Aufa, Yulyanti, Yunita, Muhammad Tajaruddin, Ica Lisnawati, Uni Afriyanti, Alit Suwandewi","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_90_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_90_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health issue, particularly in Indonesia, due to its increasing prevalence and serious complications like diabetic ulcers. This study investigated the relationship between self-management behaviors and the incidence of diabetic ulcers in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from March to December 2024 at Sari Mulia Hospital. From 432 registered T2DM patients, 220 were selected through purposive sampling based on inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) and analyzed with Chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetic ulcers were identified in 34.5% of participants with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Significant associations were found between poor self-management behaviors and ulcer incidence. Patients who did not regularly monitor their blood glucose levels had a 9.5-fold increased risk of developing diabetic ulcers (χ² (1) =7.52, <i>p</i> = 0.006). Non-compliance with dietary recommendations was associated with a 13.93-fold increased risk (χ² (1) = 9.40, <i>p</i> = 0.002), while low physical activity was linked to a 14.57-fold increased risk (χ² (1) = 9.44, <i>p</i> = 0.002). These findings highlight the critical role of self-management behaviors in preventing diabetic foot ulcers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-management behaviors strongly influence diabetic ulcer occurrence in T2DM patients. Promoting regular blood glucose monitoring, dietary compliance, and physical activity is essential in ulcer prevention. Future research should assess the long-term impact of educational interventions in broader patient populations to improve diabetes care outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 3","pages":"427-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13375192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Job Burnout and the Health Status of Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ayoub Aslani, Behzad Gholamveisi, Hajar Kashefi, Loghman Khaninezhad, Jamal Seidi","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_114_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_114_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses face significant occupational stress, leading to job burnout and compromised health, which affects patient care quality. This study examines the relationship between job burnout and general health among ICU nurses in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2024.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted with 101 ICU nurses from three Sanandaj hospitals, selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and a demographic questionnaire. Statistical analyses included Pearson's correlation, t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression, performed with SPSS version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants [mean (SD) age 35.10 (7.51) years, 58% female] showed a high burnout mean, 55.99 (11.03), and a poor general health mean, 54.41 (14.07), with anxiety/insomnia, 14.75 (4.83), most prevalent. A significant moderate positive correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) was found between burnout and general health, indicating worse health with higher burnout. Burnout was negatively correlated with work experience (r = -0.23, <i>p</i> = 0.018) and income (r = -0.22, <i>p</i> = 0.025) and weakly positively correlated with overtime (r = 0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.044). General health was negatively correlated with work experience (r = -0.22, <i>p</i> = 0.023) and income (r = -0.30, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Linear regression showed marital status (<i>p</i> = 0.021) and general health (<i>p</i> < 0.001) as significant burnout predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High burnout among ICU nurses in Sanandaj is linked to poorer health, influenced by marital status, work experience, overtime, and income. Interventions targeting workload and stress are vital for nurse wellbeing and healthcare outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 3","pages":"536-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13375181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Formula Feeding among Mothers in Indonesia: The Role of Digital Media and Microeconomic Factors.","authors":"Nur Khasanah, Riska Herliana, Alva Cherry Mustamu, Anita Liliana, Endah Tri Wahyuni, Maria Sriana Banul, Nur Hafni Hasim","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_336_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_336_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal decision-making regarding the use of infant formula milk in Indonesia is shaped by a complex interplay of social, economic, and informational factors. This study aimed to elucidate the determinants of mothers' choices when selecting formula milk in Sorong City, Indonesia, addressing gaps in previous research that overlooked the role of digital media and microeconomic factors in maternal decision-making.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study employed a cross-sectional observational design and was conducted from January to June 2024. A cohort of 180 mothers with children aged 0-24 months was selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Maternal Infant Nutrition Questionnaire (MIN-Q). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the significant factors contributing to the decision to use formula milk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that most respondents [88 (48.90%)] exclusively used formula milk, while 92 (51.10%) adopted a mixed feeding pattern. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the use of digital media for nutritional information was significantly associated with formula milk use (α = 0.21, <i>P</i> = 0.022), as were microeconomic factors such as savings or financial assistance (β = 0.18, <i>P</i> = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the need for government-led interventions, including digital literacy programs and targeted financial subsidies for low-income breastfeeding mothers, to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, credible digital education programs and more stringent regulations on formula milk marketing are essential to support maternal and child health policies in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 3","pages":"455-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13375172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Program Based on the Common-Sense Model on Illness Perception and Health-Promoting Behaviors in Women with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.","authors":"Masoud Bahrami, Amir Musarezaie, Fatemeh Alidousti","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_399_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_399_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer survivors face substantial challenges, including the risk of disease recurrence and the development of secondary chronic conditions. These issues create significant burdens for both patients and healthcare systems. Many survivors struggle to maintain health-promoting behaviors, which highlights the need for tailored educational interventions. This study examines the effectiveness of an intervention program, based on the Common-Sense Model, in improving illness perception and promoting healthy behaviors among breast cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted between November 2023 and February 2024, enrolling 72 women with breast cancer from selected treatment centers in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling and randomly allocated to either the intervention group (<i>n</i> = 36) or the control group (<i>n</i> = 36). The educational intervention was delivered by a multidisciplinary team over four consecutive weeks and included virtual support sessions. Both groups completed validated questionnaires measuring illness perception and health-promoting behaviors at baseline and post-intervention. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prior to the intervention, no significant differences were observed between the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in the mean scores for overall illness perception and health-promoting behaviors following the intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that educational interventions based on the Common-Sense Model can effectively enhance illness perception and health-promoting behaviors among breast cancer patients. It is recommended that nurses incorporate this model into their clinical practice to improve patients' illness perceptions and promote healthy behaviors alongside standard care protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"276-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Pregnant Women's Delayed Initiation of Antenatal Care in Central Thailand.","authors":"Suphangphim Rattasumpun, Nithinan Sirabarameesith","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_191_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_191_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delayed initiation of antenatal care leads to adverse effects on maternal and fetal health outcomes. This study aimed to identify the predictors of delayed initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study used a purposive sample of 330 women attending a hospital's antenatal clinic in Central Thailand, divided into two groups: those attending the first antenatal visit before 12 weeks of gestation and those attending the first antenatal visit 12 weeks or more after. From May to October 2024, data were collected on sociodemographic information, knowledge, beliefs about pregnancy and antenatal care, antenatal care service setting, and social support. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The predictors of delayed initiation of antenatal care were attitude (95% CI: 3.65-17.59; <i>P</i> < 0.001; OR = 8.02), social support (95% CI: 3.29-14.91; <i>P</i> < 0.001; OR = 7.00), perceived benefit (95% CI: 2.65-17.59; <i>P</i> < 0.001; OR = 5.91), unplanned pregnancy (95% CI: 1.72-8.46; <i>P</i> = 0.001; OR = 3.81), and perceived risk (95% CI: 1.58-7.08; <i>P</i> = 0.002; OR = 3.34).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Healthcare providers should address these predictors to encourage timely antenatal care before 12 weeks of gestation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"343-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Unmet Needs of Family Caregivers of Cancer Survivors and their Related Factors in Clients Referring to Oncology Clinics and Offices.","authors":"Sahar Mirzahoseini, Hassan Nourmohammadi, Reza Pakzad, Afsaneh Raiesifar","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_344_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_344_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The complex process of caring for cancer survivors can affect various aspects of caregivers' needs and health. The present study was conducted to determine the unmet needs of family caregivers of cancer survivors and their related factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study included 314 family caregivers of cancer survivors. The required data were collected using a demographic characteristic form and the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool using the simple random sampling method. The main inclusion criteria for family caregivers were being 18-70 years old, lacking other chronic physical or mental illnesses, being willing to participate in the research, and not being a member of a treatment team. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS V.18.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most of the participants were female, married, and urban citizens. The mean (SD) total score of unmet needs was obtained at 74.97) 19.67(, which indicated a medium-to-high level of the unmet needs of caregivers. It was found that the mean score of unmet needs in caregivers had a significant relationship with gender, marital status, education level, occupation, relationship with the patient, living with the patient in the same place, and the income status of caregivers, as well as with patients' gender, education level, occupation, income status, travel for treatment, type of insurance, type of treatment, and place of treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It seems necessary to pay attention to the unmet needs, consider interventional programs to satisfy these needs, and take into account the factors related to these needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Positive Psychotherapy-Based Program on the Perceived Social Support of Patients with Depression.","authors":"Seyed Reza Mousavi, Sima Ghezelbash, Fatemeh Ghaedi-Heidari","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_288_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_288_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Positive psychotherapy aims to enhance the quality of life in patients while alleviating the symptoms of their condition. This study sought to evaluate the impact of a positive psychotherapy-based program on the social adjustment of patients with depression.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This randomized clinical trial involved 66 patients diagnosed with depressive disorder who were hospitalized in the psychiatric wards of Khorshid and Farabi hospitals in Isfahan during 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group, with 33 individuals in each. The intervention group underwent a series of six group-based training sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, conducted twice a week with 8-10 participants per session. The control group received standard routine care. Perceived social support was assessed using a standardized questionnaire at three time points: before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 1 month later. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical methods in SPSS (version 16).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in the mean perceived social support scores were observed between the two groups both immediately after the intervention (<i>t</i> = -2.12, df = 42.35, <i>p</i> = 0.040) and 1 month later (<i>t</i> = 3.09, df = 44.42, <i>p</i> = 0.003). In addition, within the intervention group, the mean perceived social support scores showed significant variation across the three measurement points (F = 16.84, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The positive psychotherapy-based program effectively improved the perceived social support of patients with depression in the intervention group compared to the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"206-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Pregnant Women During the Spread of COVID-19 Virus in Jordan.","authors":"Hala Abdel-Jawad, Mohammad Suliman, Khetam ALAwamreh, Asem Abdalrahim, Nahla ALAli, Mean Aljezawi, Mohammed AlBashtawy, Abdullah Alkhawaldeh","doi":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_303_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_303_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 infection showed serious psychological influences on pregnant women's mental health that required psychological evaluation and intervention to overcome the negative consequences developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress among pregnant women during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional correlation study was carried out among pregnant women in Jordan. From April to June 2022, data were collected from three hospitals in Jordan (two public and one private). The Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 items (DASS-21) was used to collect the data. Data were collected from 355 participants and then analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women experienced mild levels of stress (mean (SD) =14.43, 4.46) and anxiety (mean (SD) =9.06, 4.60), with no depression (mean (SD) = 8.12, 4.04). Jordanian women had lower stress levels (mean (SD) =13.07, 4.49) compared to non-Jordanian women (mean (SD) =15.15, 4.32) (<i>t</i> = 5.26, <i>p</i> < .05). Employed women (mean (SD) = 15.74, 4.39) had higher stress levels than non-employed women (mean (SD) =12.76, 4.73) (<i>t</i> = 3.35, <i>p</i> < .05). Women with a bachelor's degree or higher (mean (SD) =15.64, 4.44) also experienced more stress than those with less education (mean (SD) =12.96, 4.20) (<i>t</i> = 2.63, <i>p</i> < .05). No statistically significant differences in stress levels were found based on marital status or pregnancy stage (<i>p</i> > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study emphasizes the importance of integrating targeted antenatal support for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Elevated stress levels emphasize the need for proactive measures to prevent maternal complications. Practical steps to address these challenges are crucial, promoting the well-being of expectant mothers and enhancing the resilience of maternal healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":44816,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research","volume":"31 2","pages":"185-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13241028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}