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Measuring the Performance of Local Governments: Evidence from Mystery Calls 衡量地方政府绩效:来自神秘电话的证据
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2015-09-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2737397
Silvia Giacomelli, Marco Tonello
{"title":"Measuring the Performance of Local Governments: Evidence from Mystery Calls","authors":"Silvia Giacomelli, Marco Tonello","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2737397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2737397","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the mystery calls conducted over a representative sample of Italian municipalities surveying the front office services provided by the One-stop shops (OSSs) for doing business. Mystery calls are phone interviews conducted by callers who pretend to be prospective entrepreneurs wanting to start a new business in the municipality, and whose identity and purposes were not known to the OSSs respondents. The random scheduling of the interviews and the evidence collected on the days and on the number of phone calls needed by the interviewers to conduct the mystery calls make it possible to construct new objective measures of local government performance. After showing that the new indicators are well correlated with alternative measures of governments quality, we study their determinants. We find that a better performance is mainly associated with factors related to internal organization, such as a more intensive use of ICT tools and higher levels of employee expertise, while the socio-economic context does not seem to play a major role.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117032927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The Double-Edged Relationship between Coercive Power and Compliance with Public Authority: Evidence from a Representative Sample of Austrian Self-Employed Taxpayers 强制性权力与公共权力服从的双刃剑关系:来自奥地利个体户代表性样本的证据
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2015-07-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2667630
K. Gangl, Eva B. Hofmann, Barbara Hartl, E. Kirchler
{"title":"The Double-Edged Relationship between Coercive Power and Compliance with Public Authority: Evidence from a Representative Sample of Austrian Self-Employed Taxpayers","authors":"K. Gangl, Eva B. Hofmann, Barbara Hartl, E. Kirchler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2667630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2667630","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical evidence on the impact of public authorities’ coercive power on compliance of citizens is inconsistent. In some studies, coercive power had a positive effect and in other studies it had a weak or negative effect on compliance. This inconsistency may be related to the double-edged nature of coercive power. Cluster analysis of data from a representative sample of self-employed taxpayers confirmed that some citizens perceive coercive power as illegitimate and do not trust public authority whereas others perceive coercive power as legitimate and do trust public authority. This perceptual difference may determine whether citizens’ interactions with public authority is characterized by antagonism and lack of compliance or synergism and compliance. Results also indicate that perceiving coercive power as a targeted way to safeguard citizens in contrast to as a random threat to citizens reinforces the double-edged perception of coercive power. Theoretical and practical conclusions as to how coercive power can enhance interaction climates and cooperation are drawn.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133242049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The 'Reformation of Administrative Law' Revisited 再论“行政法改革”
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2015-06-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2621159
Daniel B. Rodriguez, Barry R. Weingast
{"title":"The 'Reformation of Administrative Law' Revisited","authors":"Daniel B. Rodriguez, Barry R. Weingast","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2621159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2621159","url":null,"abstract":"The archetype of the New Deal agency, exercising neutral, technocratic expertise, is no longer tenable. As Richard Stewart (1975) noted thirty-five years ago, administrative law “is undergoing a fundamental transformation.” Following Stewart, the modern explanation in legal scholarship of the transformation is that federal judges came to the rescue of the administrative state, actively intervening in the regulatory process in order to preserve key values which had been threatened by an admixture of internal pathologies and external (read: “political”) threats. We argue that the traditional explanation neglects a central aspect of the major transformations in American regulatory politics during the past half century – the critical role of Congress and the President in the reformation of both the American regulatory state and administrative law. The traditional explanation in legal scholarship, that courts implemented values and agendas separate from legislative aims, and hence separate from politics, is flawed because it neglects the larger transformations, beginning in the 1960s and continuing over the next two decades, in American national politics. During this period, a wide range of new constituencies arose, including the environmentalists, consumerists. The courts’ role in the reformation must be seen in this broader political transformation of the 1960s and 70s rather than in a court-centric perspective in isolation from the rest of the political system. We illustrate our thesis with nuclear power regulation, which demonstrates the critical, joint roles of entrepreneurs in Congress and the courts.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124666997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
European Energy Regulators: An Empirical Analysis of Legal Competences 欧洲能源监管机构:法律权限的实证分析
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2015-04-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2595736
Thijs Jong, E. Woerdman
{"title":"European Energy Regulators: An Empirical Analysis of Legal Competences","authors":"Thijs Jong, E. Woerdman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2595736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2595736","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines empirically whether differences in legal competences of National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) of European gas and electricity markets are rationally aligned to the corresponding countries’ divergent levels of 1) security, 2) competitiveness, and 3) carbon-neutrality of energy supply. Scores are derived (a) on the extent to which these energy supply characteristics are realized and (b) on how many competences NRAs have regarding these policy objectives. Although higher energy scores should reduce the need for regulatory intervention and thus legal competences, it appears that this does not hold for most policy objectives. In fact, gas and electricity market unbundling and/or liberalization imply higher degrees of regulatory intervention. Finally, the legal competences do not completely follow the 'optimal' competence arrangement for regulatory authorities; compared to a theoretical benchmark there are relatively more 'tough' than 'soft' competences, while the latter are less costly to exercise. These potential regulatory 'mismatches' could be corrected by adjusting the number and intrusiveness of the NRAs' legal powers.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116195474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
If You Want Me to Stay, Pay: A Model of Asymmetric Federalism in Centralised Countries 如果你想让我留下来，就付钱:中央集权国家的不对称联邦制模式
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2015-03-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1304045
P. Claeys, F. Martire
{"title":"If You Want Me to Stay, Pay: A Model of Asymmetric Federalism in Centralised Countries","authors":"P. Claeys, F. Martire","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1304045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1304045","url":null,"abstract":"Highly centralised countries like Italy and Spain have devolved fiscal power to regions in an asymmetric way. Some well-off regions get transfers that turn them into net recipients of the fiscal system. We demonstrate in a political economy model of fiscal federalism that in centralised countries, side-payments are used to compensate regions that are set back by the fiscal system and can credibly threaten to secede. Compensation blocks political negotiation on alternative – more efficient – fiscal systems. We study two regions, Valle d’Aosta in Italy and País Vasco in Spain, as an example.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129299709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Birds of a Feather? The Co-Evolution of National Regimes and the International Diplomatic Exchange Network 物以类聚?国家制度的共同演化与国际外交交流网络
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2014-03-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3130375
Steffen Mohrenberg
{"title":"Birds of a Feather? The Co-Evolution of National Regimes and the International Diplomatic Exchange Network","authors":"Steffen Mohrenberg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3130375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3130375","url":null,"abstract":"Country pairs with diplomatic relations tend to have similar political regimes. This could be the result of a diffusion effect whereby the political regimes of connected countries become more similar over time. However, this similarity could also be the result of countries selecting diplomatic partners that are already similar. I test both explanations from a social network perspective using stochastic actor-oriented models and a co-evolution design. The results indicate that both effects are jointly present but with certain limitations. I find that autocratic countries preferentially select similar diplomatic partners, whereas democracies show no such preference. Diffusion of political regime characteristics via diplomatic ties only affects states with many democracies as diplomatic partners. All in all, after 1995, it was mainly selection mechanisms that were responsible for achieving and maintaining the observed levels of regime similarity within the diplomatic network.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127574930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Political Economics of Austerity 紧缩的政治经济学
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/CJE/BET076
S. Konzelmann
{"title":"The Political Economics of Austerity","authors":"S. Konzelmann","doi":"10.1093/CJE/BET076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/CJE/BET076","url":null,"abstract":"The 2007/8 financial crisis has reignited the debate about economic austerity. With the aim of understanding why a government would pursue such a policy in the current context of persistent economic recession, this article traces the social, political and economic developments that have together shaped the evolution of ideas about austerity, from the earliest theorizing by the Classical political economists some three hundred years ago. Throughout the historical narrative, important analytical themes revolve around the arguments used to justify austerity – notably appeals to ethics and morality (reinforced by misleading analogies drawn between government budgets and the accounts of firms and households). These include: concerns about inflation and the observed relationship between inflation and unemployment; ‘Ricardian equivalence’ and ‘non-Keynesian’ effects of austerity; and the correlation between public debt levels and economic growth. The class analytics of austerity – who bears the burden of austerity and who benefits – and the process by which alternative ideas penetrate the mainstream and reconstitute the conventional wisdom are also important analytical themes.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126097814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 83
Advancing the Empirical Study of Performance Management: What we Learned from the Program Assessment Rating Tool 推进绩效管理的实证研究:项目评估评级工具的启示
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3508174
D. Moynihan
{"title":"Advancing the Empirical Study of Performance Management: What we Learned from the Program Assessment Rating Tool","authors":"D. Moynihan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3508174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3508174","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in performance management has never been higher. But what does actual research on this topic tell us about the effects of performance management, reform efforts and governance more generally? Historically, the answer often seemed to be that such reforms did not work very well. This paper focuses on a recent chapter in the history of performance management at the US federal government, the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART). PART was created by the George W. Bush administration, and ended by the Obama White House. PART, like many management initiatives, came and went. What distinguishes it, however, is the quality and breadth of the research it prompted — research that has increased our knowledge of performance management and reform implementation as well as a whole host of fundamental governance phenomena such as political ideology, administrative burden, performance information use, leadership commitment, and goal ambiguity.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124956838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
International Norms and Standards Applicable to Situations of State Fragility and Failure 适用于国家脆弱和失败情况的国际规范和标准
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2011-10-05 DOI: 10.1596/9780821388631_CH10
C. Giorgetti
{"title":"International Norms and Standards Applicable to Situations of State Fragility and Failure","authors":"C. Giorgetti","doi":"10.1596/9780821388631_CH10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/9780821388631_CH10","url":null,"abstract":"State fragility and failure are best defined legally as the incapacity of a state to perform its obligations toward its citizens and toward the international community in general. Fragile, failing, and failed states are characterized by an implosion of state structures, which results in the incapability of governmental authorities to perform their functions, including providing security, respecting the rule of law, exercising control, supplying education and health services, establishing commercial and banking systems, and maintaining economic and structural infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124780552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Total Cost of Hydrological Disasters 水文灾害的总成本
ERN: Structure Pub Date : 2011-06-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2075996
S. Balbi
{"title":"The Total Cost of Hydrological Disasters","authors":"S. Balbi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2075996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2075996","url":null,"abstract":"The rising costs of disasters caused by floods and landslides make it a high priority to improve the quality and the reliability of the assessment exercises, so as to inform risk prevention policies. The concept of total cost is much more ambitious than what has been traditionally provided, because it aims at describing the total burden imposed by a disaster to a socio‐ecosystem. The true costs of disasters include costs (and benefits) which are difficult to identify and quantify. It comprises all direct, indirect, tangible and intangible costs. Apart from direct and tangible costs, the remaining cost elements have been largely neglected in the field of economics of natural disasters. This report builds on these categories of costs presenting specific examples for the hydrological disasters. A brief review of economic valuation methodologies and project appraisal methods is also provided. Given that the full estimation of the total costs might turn challenging and controversial, we propose alternative options to traditional cost‐benefit analysis for processing the retrievable information, including non‐monetary impacts.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130888698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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