ERN: Structure最新文献

{"title":"Is a DAO a Panopticon? Algorithmic governance as creating and mitigating vulnerabilities in 'Decentralised Autonomous Organisations'","authors":"K. Nabben","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3907693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907693","url":null,"abstract":"The Cypherpunks were terrified of surveillance. They envisaged the combination of cryptography and computer technology fundamentally altering the nature of trust and reputation. Now, not just on chain transactions but every move of participants in blockchain communities is being tracked. Reputation in blockchain systems could become the new algorithmic authoritarianism. Are ‘Decentralised Autonomous Organisation’s the next social credit panopticon of algorithmic governance or a different panacea, and what does this mean for human autonomy in “autonomous” systems?","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129565596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choosing your Battles: Governors' Career Path, Spending Priorities and Performance","authors":"Julio Alberto Ramos Pastrana, Johabed G. Olvera, Claudia N. Avellaneda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3877626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3877626","url":null,"abstract":"The managerial quality hypothesis suggests managers/leaders' quality (e.g., experience) contributes to performance. However, this proposition assumes all types of experience contribute equally to all spectra of policies. This oversimplification may explain the inconsistency in the leaders' quality-performance relationship. We offer a contingency perspective in which the performance effects of a leader's accumulated skills are contingent on (a) the nature of the leader's predominant career path (e.g., technocratic vs. political) as well as (b) the type of implementation process (e.g., administrative vs. political) a policy requires. We estimate the causal effect of leaders' career paths on spending priorities and argue that skills accumulated in technocratic posts differ from those accrued in political posts. Once in office, leaders align their differentiated set of skills with implementing and spending on certain policies to boost performance. Specifically, chief executives who pursue mainly technocratic career paths will prioritize policies requiring an administrative implementation process. In contrast, those with political career paths will prioritize policies requiring a political implementation process. We test our propositions using a panel data set of Mexican governors during the 1995-2014 period, covering four gubernatorial administrations. The causal effect of career paths on spending priorities is estimated using a two-stage regression estimation, using an instrumental variable approach combined with a generalized difference-in-differences design. Our findings suggest governors with greater technocratic experiences spend more on health policies, characterized by an administrative implementation process. On the contrary, governors with greater political career paths spend more on labor policies, characterized by a political implementation process.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122777134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Cycles and Yardstick Competition in the Recycling of Waste. Evidence From Italian Provinces","authors":"Massimiliano Ferraresi, M. Mazzanti, Matteo Mazzarano, Leonzio Rizzo, Riccardo Secomandi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3785890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3785890","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling and the recovery of waste are crucial waste management strategies. In light of the new EU circular economy approach, these strategies remain core pillars of a competitive and sustainable waste value chain. Local governments have an important role in controlling and checking the implementation of waste management policies. We study the spatial determinants of waste recovery by using a dataset of 102 Italian provinces from the years 2001-2014. We exploit the political cycle of the provinces to isolate the effects of waste recovery in one province on neighboring provinces. We find that provinces mimic their own neighbors’ in the separate collection of waste aimed at recycling and recovery, with this effect being fully guided by provinces where the president can run for re-election (consistent with the yardstick competition hypothesis) but only when waste management policies become politically salient, that is, after the transposition of the 2008 EU Waste Framework Directive.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115798829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing State Capacity Libertarianism","authors":"Ryan H. Murphy, Colin O’Reilly","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3522671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3522671","url":null,"abstract":"Cowen (2020) argues for a redirection of effort towards “State Capacity Libertarianism,” which keeps the core of policy proposals from libertarianism intact while emphasizing a select set of policies aimed at furthering economic growth. These policies center on the ability of the state to accomplish that which it sets out to accomplish, i.e. state capacity. This paper interprets Cowen’s proposal in terms of an interaction between economic freedom and state capacity. Using four measures of state capacity, it finds that state capacity and economic freedom are neither additive nor complementary. Rather, they are substitutes for one another. These results are uncomfortable for conventional libertarianism, for the advocates of state capacity, and for State Capacity Libertarianism itself. One measure of state capacity we use is a novel measure using data from the Varieties of Democracy dataset, which may be useful for researchers in other contexts.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127502786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence Activities and Bureaucratic Performance: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment in China","authors":"A. de Janvry, Guojun He, E. Sadoulet, Shaoda Wang, Qiong Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3531539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3531539","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective performance evaluation is widely used by firms and governments to provide work incentives. However, delegating evaluation power to senior leadership could induce influence activities: agents might devote much efforts to please their supervisors, rather than focusing on productive tasks that benefit their organizations. We conduct a large-scale randomized field experiment among Chinese local government employees and provide the first rigorous empirical evidence on the existence and implications of influence activities. We find that state employees are able to impose evaluator-specific influence to affect evaluation outcomes and that this process could be partly observed by their co-workers. Furthermore, introducing uncertainty in the identity of the evaluator, which discourages evaluator-specific influence activities, can significantly improve the work performance of state employees.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132486712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latin American Populism in the Twenty-First Century","authors":"N. Cachanosky, Alexandre Padilla","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3147096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3147096","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers an economic and institutional assessment of 21st-century Latin American populism, particularly in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela. We find that populism fails to offer the significant economic and social improvements that leaders promise and voters hope for. Instead, it produces a marked deterioration of economic and political institutions.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115054284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Evidence-Based Policy Making (EBPM) in Non-Western Countries: From the Periphery, a Practitioner’s Perspective on the Challenges","authors":"Joseph Tham","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3296197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3296197","url":null,"abstract":"From a practitioner’s perspective, this conceptual article examines the challenges in promoting Evidence-Based Policy Making (EBPM) in non-Western, non-affluent developing countries. The focus is on the use of evidence in sectors other than medicine, health care and human services because the scope of public administration is much wider than these three sectors. The article briefly reviews the themes on EBPM in the U.S., the U.K., and Australia and examines the appropriateness of the standard for evidence. It discusses the demand for and the supply of evidence, and presents some suggestions for addressing the challenges that are faced by public administrators in non-Western countries.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114446943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governmental System and Economic Volatility in Democracies","authors":"Chen Cheng, Christopher Li, Weifeng Zhong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3178204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3178204","url":null,"abstract":"The authors study how the difference between federal and unitary systems of government can contribute to variations in economic volatility across democracies.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116255097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutionelle Unterschiede Im Ostseeraum – Eine Heterogene Region Im Spiegel Internationaler Rankings (Institutional Divergence in the Baltic Sea Region – A View from International Rankings)","authors":"C. Laaser","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3285897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3285897","url":null,"abstract":"<b>German Abstract:</b> Die Auswertung der fünf internationalen Länderrankings bestätigt die Hypothese, dass der Ostseeraum nach wie vor eine sehr heterogene Region ist. Das gilt nicht nur in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht zwischen reichen und armen Anrainerstaaten, sondern auch mit Blick auf die institutionellen Rahmenbedingen, die in den einzelnen Staaten gelten – und das trotz der eingangs betonten fast universellen Gültigkeit des „acquis communautaire“ der EU im Ostseeraum.<br><br>Teils mehr, teils weniger zeigt sich in den Rankings ein Nord(-West) – Süd(-Ost) Gefälle auch bei der Qualität der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, das durchaus Parallelen mit dem entsprechenden Gefälle der Prokopfeinkommen aufweist. Der arme Osten und Süden hat trotz nun schon vierzehnjähriger EU-Mitgliedschaft noch nicht zu dem reichen Norden und Westen aufschließen können. In mancher Hinsicht kann sich aber gerade das kleine Estland mit seinen 1,3 Millionen Einwohner schon etwas von der Verfolgergruppe lösen und scheint auf dem Wege zu sein, Anschluss zu finden, jedenfalls dort, wo in den Rankings die Institutionen selbst eher im Mittelpunkt stehen und nicht die nach wie vor bestehenden Schwächen in der estnischen Wirtschaftsstruktur ebenfalls eine Rolle spielen und eine bessere Platzierung verhindern. Litauen hinkt weiter hinterher als Estland, und Lettland bildet meist das baltische Schlusslicht. Polen ist ebenfalls noch recht weit hinten in den meisten Rankings zu finden, nur beim Komplexitätsindex von Hausmann und Hidalgo wird ihm ein recht differenziertes Produktionspotential bescheinigt. Die Russische Föderation liegt in den meisten Rankings am weitesten hinten, während Deutschland meist im vorderen Feld zu finden ist.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The paper analyses the institutional divergences between the countries of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) by virtue of five international rankings and pertinent indicator systems. The BSR is still a rather heterogeneous region – not only with regard to per-capita incomes and market sizes, but also from an institutional perspective and in spite of the widespread general application of the “acquis communautaire” of the European Union. It turns out that there still exists a North(-West) – South(-East) divide in the BSR with the Nordic countries leading in most indicator systems, albeit with some surprising deviations in several of the rankings. Estonia is about to catch-up with the richer Northwestern neighbors where the institutional framework proper is concerned.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127919386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance and Efficiency With and Without Government","authors":"Francesco Angelini, G. Candela, Massimiliano Castellani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3221133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3221133","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the relationships between forms of governance and efficiency, in societies with and without State, with several specific agent behaviors. Using a theoretical framework where the private agents are, or are not, able to efficiently coordinate their actions, we study how forms of governance affect the level of welfare of each society.","PeriodicalId":447069,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Structure","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117033809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}