Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii最新文献

{"title":"Genomic profiles of the Khazar-Period inhabitants of Phanagoria.","authors":"V S Okovantsev, A D Manakhov, E V Rozhdestvenskih, S E Khrapov, M V Dobrovolskaya, N G Svirkina, S N Ostapenko, V D Kuznetsov, T V Andreeva, E I Rogaev","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Phanagoria settlement, located on the Taman Peninsula, is a unique archaeological site. The history of the ancient city spans approximately 15 centuries, making Phanagoria a witness to many historical events, including those related to the early history of the Old Rus' state. The early medieval period of Phanagoria's history is of particular interest due to its insufficient study. The Phanagoria Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Phanagoria Museum-Reserve, studied the city's cultural strata from the 7th-10th centuries. This period of the urban center's existence is closely linked to the history of the Khazar Khaganate and culminates in the city's destruction as a result of an enemy attack. During excavations, skeletal remains bearing signs of violent death were discovered. Anthropological analysis revealed Mongoloid features of the individuals discovered. This paper presents the results of a bioinformatics-based analysis of whole-genome sequences from the remains of three individuals from a Khazar cultural layer. Radiocarbon dating was performed for two individuals. High mitochondrial DNA coverage (43- to 96-fold) confirmed its low level of contamination, and determined the mitochondrial chromosome haplogroup. High genome coverage confirmed the authenticity of the analyzed ancient DNA and allowed the determination of the individuals' sex and Y-chromosome haplogroup. Population analysis was performed using PCA, ancestral component analysis, using ADMIXTURE, and allele frequency correlation analysis, using the f3 statistic. Whole-genome data analysis of the three samples demonstrated the genetic proximity of the studied individuals to the modern Turkic-speaking population of Central Asia, as well as to early medieval nomadic groups of the Eurasian steppe, Hungarian Avars, and Mongols. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of Asian and European genetic components in the genomes of the studied samples. Our study suggests that the genetic profile of the individuals studied was formed by the mixing of the gene pools of people from the eastern regions of the Eurasian Steppe and populations of Western Eurasia. The Asian components are related to those of medieval groups of Mongols and Avars.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 5","pages":"761-774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cytogenetic analysis of some Picea species from Eurasia and East Asia.","authors":"O V Goryachkina, E D Badaeva, A B Shcherban, E N Muratova","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-74","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Karyotypes of seven Picea species distributed across Eurasia and East Asia were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DAPI fluorescent staining. For P. meyeri and P. purpurea, the 5S and 45S rDNA sites were mapped here for the first time, while karyotypes of P. abies, P. obovata, P. schrenkiana, P. crassifolia, and P. omorika were examined from new locations. All the species studied had a similar distribution of 5S rDNA loci on both arms of the large metacentric chromosome III: a more intense signal was observed in the middle of the long arm, partially overlapping with the 45S rDNA signal, and a minor 5S rDNA site was localized terminally on the short arm. The distribution of 5S rDNA loci varied in the karyotypes of the studied species: from 7 to 9 pairs of chromosomes carried 45S rDNA signals of varying intensity. Strong (major) signals were localized intercalarily and coincided with persistent secondary constrictions. Their number per haploid genome was as follows: 8 in P. omorika, 6 in P. abies and P. obovata, and 5 in P. schrenkiana, P. crassifolia, P. purpurea, and P. meyeri. We also detected several minor 45S rDNA sites on the Picea chromosomes that had not been previously described in the literature. Supernumerary (B) chromosomes found in some seedlings of P. obovata, P. meyeri, and P. purpurea did not carry 45S and 5S rDNA loci. Intensely fluorescent DAPI-positive bands were observed in the intercalary regions of the spruce chromosomes, and the centromere regions of certain chromosomes were also stained. Several constant DAPI-positive blocks were identified on chromosomes I, III, and X, with similar locations across all studied species. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 45S and 5S rDNA probes in combination with DAPI staining allowed us to identify virtually all homologous chromosomes and compare karyotypes of different species. The intra- and interspecific karyotypic diversity in the genus Picea is discussed considering the distribution of 5S and 45S rDNA loci and DAPI signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 5","pages":"735-746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of distribution of IL13 and ADAM33 gene haplotypes in Russians, Khakass, Tuvans in relation to the risk of developing bronchial asthma.","authors":"M V Smolnikova, K V Afonicheva, A G Mileyko","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous disease, the development of which is determined by a complex interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. Despite significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the disease, population-specific genetic characteristics, especially in multi-ethnic regions of Russia, remain understudied. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to identify ethnicity-specific genetic markers to improve approaches for personalized prediction of the risk of developing BA and its severity. The aim of the work was to conduct a comparative analysis of haplotypic combinations in the IL13 (rs20541, rs1800925, rs1295686) and ADAM33 (rs2280090, rs2787094, rs44707) genes between ethnic groups to identify potential population-specific genetic markers at BA-associated loci. The study involved 524 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years from Krasnoyarsk, Kyzyl and Abakan with verified ethnicity (Slavs - 293, Tuvans - 158, Khakass - 73). DNA was isolated from saliva samples followed by genotyping of polymorphic loci of the IL13 (rs20541, rs1800925, rs1295686) and ADAM33 (rs2280090, rs2787094, rs44707) genes using real-time PCR. It was found that rare variants of IL13 polymorphisms were more common in Russians than in Tuvans and the Khakass. The ATC haplotype of IL13 is 2-3 times more common among the Khakass and Tuvans than in Russians. In the Russian population, the GAC haplotype of the ADAM33 gene, containing rare alleles of all the polymorphisms studied, is detected significantly more often. The data obtained emphasize the relevance of haplotype analysis and the importance of taking into account ethno-geographical features when assessing the genetic risks of BA.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 5","pages":"782-791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel variant c.1185_1196dup (p.(Gly396_Ser399dup)) in the SLC26A4 gene associated with recessive hearing loss.","authors":"M V Zytsar, V Yu Danilchenko, A A Bondar, K E Orishchenko, O L Posukh","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogenic variants in the SLC26A4 gene (solute carrier family 26, member 4) are a common cause of inherited hearing loss. The SLC26A4 gene encodes the transmembrane protein pendrin, a member of the SLC26 anion transporter family, with predominant expression in the inner ear, thyroid, and kidney tissues. Pathogenic SLC26A4 variants cause nonsyndromic recessive hearing loss (DFNB4) and Pendred syndrome (sensorineural hearing loss and thyroid dysfunction). In many studies analyzing the SLC26A4 gene, along with patients who have two recessive pathogenic SLC26A4 variants (M2 patients) and an accurate molecular genetic diagnosis can be made, a group of patients with only one pathogenic SLC26A4 variant (M1 patients) is often identified, which creates a diagnostic problem. The presence of M1 patients may reflect copy number variations (CNVs, deletions/duplications) in the SLC26A4 gene that are not detected by routine diagnostic methods. The aim of the study is to search for deletions/duplications in the SLC26A4 gene using the MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) method in thirteen patients belonging to the indigenous people of the Tyva Republic (Southern Siberia), in whom only one pathogenic SLC26A4 variant (M1 patients) was identified during the study of the etiology of hereditary hearing loss. As a result of MLPA analysis and molecular cloning in DNA samples of three M1 patients from two related Tuvinian families, a novel variant was revealed - tandem duplication of twelve nucleotides (c.1185_1196dup) in exon 10 of the SLC26A4 gene. This variant is an in-frame insertion resulting in the inclusion of four additional amino acid residues Gly-Phe-Phe-Ser (p.(Gly396_Ser399dup)) in a highly conserved region of the pendrin protein. Most predictive programs predict the damaging effect of the c.1185_1196dup variant on the structure and function of the pendrin protein. The pathogenicity of the c.1185_1196dup variant is supported by its segregation with hearing pathology in the pedigree of patients in whom it was found in a compound heterozygous state with pathogenic SLC26A4 variants, as well as its absence in a control sample of Tuvinians and in the world genomic databases. Functional in vitro studies are needed to confirm the potentially deleterious effects of the novel c.1185_1196dup (p.(Gly396_Ser399dup)) variant and its association with hearing pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 5","pages":"814-823"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of genetic parameters affecting the reliability and effectiveness of kinship reconstruction in Forest and Tundra Nenets populations using X-STR markers.","authors":"K V Vagaytseva, N A Kolesnikov, O M Burenkova, I A Volkova, O D Ruzavina, V N Kharkov, V A Stepanov","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-chromosomal STR markers (X-STR) are informative tools for kinship reconstruction, particularly in cases where standard autosomal panels have limited discriminatory power: when reconstructing kinship between full sisters, paternal half-sisters, paternal grandmother and granddaughter, maternal aunt and niece. However, the use of X-STR markers in forensic genetics requires consideration of linkage disequilibrium structure and the use of haplotype frequencies in calculating the likelihood ratio (LR). In this work, the genetic structure of Forest and Tundra Nenets populations was assessed using 16 X-STR markers in order to obtain reference values. A sample of 504 Nenets males was analyzed, divided into subethnic groups (Forest and Tundra Nenets), phratries of Tundra Nenets (Haryuchi and Vanuito), as well as geographical local groups (individuals living in the Antipayutinskaya, Gydan and Nakhodka tundras). No statistically significant differences were found between the samples, and the pairwise Fst values (exact test) did not exceed 0.01. The Nenets population demonstrated an intermediate level of genetic diversity typical of Indigenous Siberian populations. The loci DXS8377 (He = 0.910) and DXS10079 (He = 0.839) were found to be the most polymorphic in the Nenets population. Of the 16 markers, 13 were highly informative (PIC > 0.5). The combined power of exclusion (CPE) was 0.99996, which indicates that the panel is highly informative for reconstructing kinship relationships. Pairwise analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) revealed statistically significant deviations for 46 pairs of markers out of 120; however, the r2 coefficient for all pairs of alleles did not exceed 0.09, which indicates a weak correlation between alleles. This study provides the reference data of allele and genotype frequencies recommended for use in assessing the likelihood ratio in the reconstruction of kinship relationships. The obtained reference data will contribute to improving the reliability and efficiency of forensic genetic analyses in the Russian Federation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 5","pages":"755-760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on genetic diversity and genomes of Miscanthus for optimizing their biotechnological potential.","authors":"I V Chadaeva, D I Karetnikov, A Yu Pronozin, E S Starodubtseva, N A Omeljanchuk, A V Kochetov, D A Afonnikov","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants of the genus Miscanthus are a promising perennial energy crop, combining high biomass productivity, resistance to abiotic stress, and low agricultural technology requirements. This review summarizes recent advances in genomic and transcriptomic studies of the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the economically valuable traits of Miscanthus. Data on whole-genome assemblies of key species - M. sinensis (Msi), M. sacchariflorus (Msa), M. floridulus (Mfl), and M. lutarioriparius (Mlu) - are presented using various technologies (Illumina, PacBio, Oxford Nanopore, Hi-C). Genomic studies have revealed the complex evolution of the genus, including paleoallopolyploidy, chromosomal fusions, and duplications, which accounts for the high genetic diversity of these species. Their genome assemblies at the complete chromosome level have become the basis for comparative genomics, establishing taxonomic relationships (including the recognition of Mlu as a subspecies of Msa and Mfl as a subtype of Msi), and studying synteny with related crops such as sorghum. The information on the Miscanthus genome allows for the complete and accurate identification of a set of genes targeting breeding for the most important biotechnological traits. At the same time, the commercial hybrid M. × giganteus (M × g) is characterized by extremely low levels of genetic polymorphism, making it vulnerable to pathogens and climate fluctuations. The integration of genetic polymorphism data, phylogeography, and functional annotation of genomes opens up opportunities for the development of new, productive, and environmentally friendly Miscanthus varieties through interspecific crossings, ploidy modification, and genetic engineering. These advances contribute to the optimization of the biotechnological potential of Miscanthus for the production of biofuels and other biomaterials and the restoration of degraded lands.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 4","pages":"593-600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization and meta-analysis of the population of the Northern Black Sea region in the 1st millennium CE based on ancient DNA data.","authors":"E D Aituganova, A S Kon'kov, T V Andreeva, E V Rozhdestvenskikh, A D Manakhov, E I Rogaev","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past two decades, the introduction of whole-genome sequencing analysis of ancient DNA has led to a breakthrough in archaeogenetic research, significantly expanding our understanding of human genetic history. In this context the Northern Black Sea region during first millennium CE (1-1,000 CE) is of particular relevance, as it remained a hub of intense cultural exchange and migration. Despite its historical importance, ancient genomic data from this period remains scarce, and a comprehensive synthesis of existing findings is lacking. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of published whole-genome sequencing data from 48 ancient samples associated with key archaeological cultures of the region: Late Scythian, Sarmatian, Alan, Bulgar, Saltovo-Mayaki and Chernyakhov. Through the systematization of data, we trace genetic continuity at Late Scythian and Alanian sites relative to preceding populations. Episodes of large-scale migration and population replacement have been documented, most clearly evident in the Sarmatian expansion of the 1st-4th centuries CE, with genetic traces extending from the Urals to the Carpathians. Based on limited evidence, genetic continuity has been identified between representatives of the Chernyakhov culture and early Slavic groups. Through our meta-analysis, we further detect intercultural connections between the Alans, Bulgars, and bearers of the Saltovo-Mayaki culture, whose genetic structure reveals the influence of Caucasian and East Eurasian components. Collectively, these findings underscore the complex genetic landscape of the region, shaped by successive migration waves and multifaceted intercultural contacts. We conclude by outlining key unresolved questions and future directions for archaeogenetic research in the Northern Black Sea region during the first millennium CE.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 4","pages":"658-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues of interspecific hybridization between Solanum lycopersicum L. and Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.","authors":"A V Vishnyakova, A P Fedotov, E V Osminina, A Z Martirosyan, A D Kobyashova, A A Alexandrova, A A Mironov, S G Monakhos","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interspecific hybridization plays a crucial role in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) breeding for introducing beneficial traits from wild relatives, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Sticky nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.) is a promising source for the introgression of desirable traits. Reports on hybridization between S. lycopersicum and S. sisymbriifolium remain contradictory, differently describing the progeny as doubled haploids or interspecific hybrids. In the present study, we clarify the nature of the progeny derived from hybridization between S. lycopersicum and S. sisymbriifolium by analyzing the early stages of ovule development and characterizing the morphological and cytogenetic features of the resulting plants. Interspecific hybridization between S. lycopersicum and S. sisymbriifolium encounters postzygotic reproductive barriers. Only a small proportion of developing ovules in male-sterile tomato lines, whether self-pollinated or pollinated with S. sisymbriifolium followed the normal developmental pathway. In most cases, either ovule development was arrested, or parthenocarpic seed-like bodies formed instead of normal seeds. Embryo rescue enabled the recovery of 12 plants resulting from interspecific hybridization of S. lycopersicum and S. sisymbriifolium. Morphologically, the plants closely resembled the S. lycopersicum parent, although they displayed several traits distinctive from those of the parental tomato lines. Notably, yellow-orange mature fruits developed in progeny from the cross of green-fruited S. lycopersicum and red-fruited S. sisymbriifolium. Analysis of chromosome numbers in root meristems revealed mixoploidy (2n = 16-26), and meiotic analysis during microsporogenesis showed multiple aberrations in meiosis. Thus, comprehensive embryological, morphological, and cytogenetic analyses provide evidence for the hybrid origin of the obtained plants. This confirms the possibility of overcoming postzygotic barriers between these species and opens avenues for the utilization of S. sisymbriifolium in tomato breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 4","pages":"569-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of purple-grain triticale.","authors":"N V Petrash, P I Stepochkin","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purple-colored grains of cereal crops are characterized by high antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins, polyphenolic compounds found in the pericarp of their grains, have beneficial effects on human health. However, triticale has not yet developed forms with anthocyanin-rich purple grain color. The aim of this work was to obtain new forms of wheat-rye amphiploids with purple grain color using marker-assisted breeding and to compare their anthocyanin content and productivity indicators. Molecular DNA markers were used to determine the genotype of hybrids produced by triticale Sadko (× Triticosecale Wittmack) and a purple-colored emmer wheat line 27-3/17 (T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl.). Purple-colored F3 hybrids carried two complementary dominant genes Pp3 and Pp-B1 in a homozygous state responsible for the high content of anthocyanins in the grain. In subsequent generations, the wheat-rye amphiploids had a purple grain color. The total anthocyanin content in the whole grain flour of the hybrids ranged from 36 to 529.3 μg/g. The high content was recorded in sample 2-1-6-6 (529.3 μg/g). Samples 2-1-1-4e, 2-1-5-10a and 2-1-6-4b were at the control level (emmer wheat - 382.6 3 μg/g). The F5-6 hybrid plants had a typical hexaploid triticale phenotype. The spike length and the number of spikelets exceeded those of emmer wheat. The number of spike grains in the hybrids was less than that in the Sadco triticale averaging at 28.0 and 34.4 in 2024 and 2025, respectively. 1,000 grain weight of purple-grained triticale families in 2025 was comparable to the Sadko maternal form and averaged 47.6 g. The yield per unit area of hybrid families (470 g/ m2) in 2025 was higher than that of emmer wheat (306 g/m2), but lower than that of Sadko (584 g/m2). Thus, the breeding material of purple-grained triticale forms was obtained, which in a number of ways is similar to the triticale Sadko maternal form, but differs from the paternal form of the purple grain donor emmer wheat.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 4","pages":"636-644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants with inactivated StPain-1 gene using CRISPR/Cas9.","authors":"V D Karlov, M K Volkov, A D Antipov, Yu S Monahova, A S Trofimov, L N Konovalova, A V Babakov, R A Komakhin, V V Taranov","doi":"10.18699/vjgb-26-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-26-61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Storage of potato tubers intended for further processing is complicated by their cold-induced sweetening (CIS). Enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose occurs at low temperatures. The resulting high hexose content adversely affects the quality of processed potato products such as chips and fries and promotes the formation of acrylamide, which is a neurotoxin and carcinogen. During CIS, sucrose hydrolysis is catalyzed by vacuolar invertase encoded by the StPain-1 gene. Previous studies have shown that suppression of the enzyme activity confers potato resistance to CIS without reducing the nutritional value of tubers. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to generate Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Fritella plants with a knockout of StPain-1. Two binary vectors based on pKSE401 were constructed (Vector A and Vector B), each carrying two gRNAs targeting exon 1 (sgRNA-P1.A or sgRNA-P1.B) and exon 3 (sgRNA-P3.A or sgRNA- P3.B). Editing efficiency with each gRNA was evaluated through next-generation sequencing (NGS). Transformation with Vector A produced 48 transformants, 22 of which carried knockouts in all StPain-1 alleles. Transformation with Vector B yielded 26 transformants, including 10 plants with complete StPain-1 knockout. Chips made from tubers of nine edited Fritella plants demonstrated reduced vacuolar invertase activity: chips from StPain-1 knockout lines were lighter compared to the non-edited control sample. Quantitative assessment of glucose, fructose, and sucrose levels, as well as StPain-1 mRNA expression in tubers of four selected transformants (two per vector), confirmed enzyme inactivation. The resulting plants exhibit increased resistance to cold-induced sweetening and can be used as a promising source of nonfunctional StPain-1 alleles for breeding new potato varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":44339,"journal":{"name":"Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii","volume":"30 4","pages":"601-611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13392681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}