Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions最新文献

{"title":"Al Qaeda in Its Own Words","authors":"Egdūnas Račius","doi":"10.1080/14690764.2010.499677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690764.2010.499677","url":null,"abstract":"dominant traits. Tibi’s solution, to adopt a cross-cultural philosophy to underpin cultural change and the acceptance of universal values, would go a long way to achieving this goal. Tibi’s arguments are supported by excellent scholarship and rigorous research. The detailed analysis of the problematic relationship between Islam and European democracy is superb. This book should be required reading for everyone trying to understand the relationship between political Islam, global politics and the relationship this has to western Europe. Its advocacy of peaceful integrative solutions to conflict is to be commended in the light of recent intolerance from all sides. The interesting thing about the text is that it clearly goes beyond scholarly activity to provide a framework for managing and accommodating relations between different civilizational impulses. It is in work like this that we find how social science and the humanities can have a real impact on policy and society.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116105151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State","authors":"J. Jusufović","doi":"10.1080/14690764.2010.499675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690764.2010.499675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133496003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decade is a Short Time in Scholarship","authors":"Naveed Sheikh","doi":"10.1080/14690764.2010.499664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690764.2010.499664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115124995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Myth of Religious Violence: Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict","authors":"M. Tan","doi":"10.1080/14690764.2010.499681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690764.2010.499681","url":null,"abstract":"politics need to do a better job of considering the influence of religion. To cite only a couple of works, Scott Appleby’s The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence, and Reconciliation (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000) and Scott Thomas’s The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of International Relations: The Struggle for the Soul of the Twenty-First Century (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) are well worth reading. The Politics of Secularism in International Relations is more explicit about its critique of a secularist bias among students of international politics and about the social construction and influence of norms. Further, Hurd’s work is concerned with the conventional distinctions between IR, on the one hand, and foreign policy and comparative politics, on the other, which, she suggests, may obscure for students of international politics the influence of culture and religion. The strength of Hurd’s work resides more in her theoretical discussion than in the case studies. Her work represents a critique of much recent IR theory, although she does draw on the work of scholars such as Daniel Philpott, who have expressed similar views on the influence of religion in international politics, and have proposed recommendations for directions future work on religion in IR might pursue. As Appleby suggests, it would be an oversimplification to view the influence of religion as either necessarily one of peace-building and reconciliation or necessarily one of fostering division and violence. Considering religion as one manifestation of identity politics is complicated by the fact that for any individual religion represents only one aspect of identity, and that sometimes religious cleavages coincide with other cleavages and sometimes they crosscut other cleavages. Progress will require further case-study research identifying ways in which different political cultures seek to negotiate the relations between religion and politics on the one hand, and between private and public spheres on the other.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121710090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Idea of Evil","authors":"S. D. di Rienzo","doi":"10.1080/14690764.2010.499684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690764.2010.499684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122772758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"God’s Zeal: The Battle of the Three Monotheisms","authors":"Cyprian Blamires","doi":"10.1080/14690764.2010.499682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690764.2010.499682","url":null,"abstract":"of religious violence. His exploration portrays the analysis not as historical fact, but as the soteriology that legitimates the Sovereign as the crown of a liberal authority structure, where the orthodoxy (championed by writers such as John Rawls and Francis Fukuyama) maintains that squabbles over dogmatic differences inevitably become disruptive of public order unless the sovereign intervenes to separate religion from other facets of public life. This is in spite of a considerable body of evidence that includes the intertwining of both religious and socioeconomic institutions during that period, numerous instances of cooperation among Protestant and Catholic combatants against other Catholic armies, or the period of ‘absolutist governments with confessional states’ that characterised the ‘peace of Westphalia’. The distillation of a distinct ‘religious’ variable as the primary engine for violence also becomes the underlying principle of American foreign policy. Cavanaugh cites a single article by Bernard Lewis, who first wrote on the clash of civilisations before it became popularised by Huntington, and who spoke of the need for vigilance against the Muslim world because of its obsession in filtering all socio-political events through a distinctly religious lens. One might think odd the attention to this single article, until one notices the imprimatur given to that article by then Vice-President Dick Cheney. Drawing from this, Cavanaugh draws rather striking parallels between the days of Colonialism, where ‘religion’ was used as a discursive tool for subjugation of the New world, and our present day, where the distinct category ‘religion’ was similarly used for the West to bring the blessings of secularisation to the Muslim world, whether it wants it or not. Although conceptually simple, Cavanaugh’s work is invaluable in unveiling a world of complexity that surrounds the concept of ‘religion’. This work also provides a call to awareness to the Foucauldian structures of authority driving the current, or indeed any, discourse on religion. The only fault one can find is that, as the negative analysis unfolds, one feels increasingly eager for a positive programme to be put forward. That this does not materialise may disappoint all but those familiar with his earlier work. Nonetheless, his great contribution to this area within the space of a compact volume is not to be denied.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122275630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Political Science Perspective on Religious Fundamentalism","authors":"Luca Ozzano","doi":"10.1080/14690760903454341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760903454341","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Religious fundamentalism is a phenomenon still understudied in political science: both analytical perspectives and definitions are indeed crafted mostly for sociological, theological and philosophical analyses. Moreover, comprehensive studies of the interactions between religious fundamentalism and democracy have rarely been worked out. This paper first examines the most prominent works in the comparative literature about fundamentalism, trying to identify the main theoretical perspectives, and their usefulness for a political science research. Later, it tries to integrate this literature with mainstream literature about collective identities and social movements, in order to build a definition of religious fundamentalism which could be appropriate for research in the field of political science. Throughout the essay, examples belonging to different religious fundamentalisms are proposed, in order to clarify the theoretical issues.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"2003 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125779507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From ‘Consensus Studies’ to History of Subjectivity: Some Considerations on Recent Historiography on Italian Fascism","authors":"Yong woo Kim","doi":"10.1080/14690760903268907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760903268907","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the period of Mussolini’s regime, some anti‐Fascists have attempted to understand the issue of reception of Fascism by the ordinary Italian people. Such an attempt was ignored by the orthodoxy of anti‐Fascist history after World War II. In the 1990s, a cultural turn in Fascist studies once again began to deal with the question of reception according to the perspectives of ‘aestheticization of politics’, on the one hand, and ‘sacralisation of politics’, on the other. Such a turn has produced valuable studies, but they do not overcome the assumptions of a top‐down approach. The everyday life of ordinary people under Fascism provided a reality that goes beyond the top‐down approach of consent or dissent. In this article, I suggest that a history of subjectivity pioneered by Luisa Passernini is more promising in approaching the complex attitude of people under Fascism.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"392 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132348005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Islam, World Politics and Europe","authors":"Ana Belén Soage","doi":"10.1080/14690760903396393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760903396393","url":null,"abstract":"adopted in works of fiction such as in the film The Matrix or in the novels of Philip K. Dick. The next two essays look at the influence of the apocalypse on popular culture. Therese Marie Meyer analyses Good Omens, by Neil Gaiman and Terry Pratchett, which she describes as ‘combin[ing] the formal features of a fantasy thriller with an homage to the apocalypse in its structure and content’ (p.243). For his part, Johann Pautz writes about the American far-right and claims that ‘[f]or much of American history, post-millennial thought informed the periodic religious and civil campaigns which were intended to cleanse American culture and elevate the nation as a beacon of morality’ (p.267), e.g. the movements in favour of abolitionism or temperance. In two separate chapters, Nancy A. Schaefer and Evelyn Stiller look more closely at a series mentioned by Pautz, the Left Behind books, which despite their latent racism, anti-Semitism and anti-Catholicism, have moved from the fringes into the mainstream and become a publishing and a video game phenomenon. In the final essay, Benjamin E. Zeller explores the apocalyptic thought in UFObased religions like Heaven’s Gate, 39 of whose members committed suicide in 1997 hoping to board the Hale-Bopp comet. For many of such groups, the apocalyptic texts in the Bible describe technological events related to the coming of aliens. End of Days makes for an interesting read. Its main limitation – particularly given its all-embracing title – is its excessive focus on the Anglo-Saxon world to the detriment of other geographical areas. In addition, some of its contents – notably those about the Left Behind series – overlap. In any case, End of Days explores a topical issue from different points of view and will help the reader understand better the enduring importance of those ancient religious books for many of their fellow citizens.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114769636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Political Conversion and Mimetic Rivalry","authors":"T. Bar-On","doi":"10.1080/14690760903396351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14690760903396351","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the French nouvelle droite under its doyen Alain de Benoist claimed that it had made a political ‘conversion’ from the revolutionary Right (or conservative revolutionary) milieu to ‘democracy’ and that it had created a ‘post‐fascist’ political synthesis. The paper under consideration will argue that the nouvelle droite’s political ‘conversion’ process was only exoteric in nature by mimicking the ideas of the New Left and that its esoteric orientation was of ‘true believers’ who never left a political pantheon of conservative revolutionary ideas with roots largely in the 1920s and 1930s. Using the model of the nouvelle droite, as well as the ideas of René Girard and Emilio Gentile in respect of mimetic rivalry between Right and Left and ‘political religion’ respectively, I examine other intellectual political conversions of the twentieth century from Benito Mussolini to Christopher Hitchens. Using these aforementioned examples, I trace a model of political conversion for the twentieth century and new millennium, with particular emphasis on conversionary prerequisites and processes, as well as the mimetic symbiosis and rivalry between Right and Left. I conclude that even in a secular age our political conversions involve both mimicry and syncretism vis‐à‐vis traditional religious conversion experiences, but they are generally short‐lived due to crises, collapse, generational change or ideological attrition.","PeriodicalId":440652,"journal":{"name":"Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125270896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}