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The cultural localization of video games in Iran 伊朗电子游戏的文化本地化
IF 1.6
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1075/ts.23011.zor
Amir Arsalan Zoraqi, Movahedeh Sadat Mousavi
{"title":"The cultural localization of video games in Iran","authors":"Amir Arsalan Zoraqi, Movahedeh Sadat Mousavi","doi":"10.1075/ts.23011.zor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23011.zor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Localization is the process through which products are tailored to the socio-cultural values of the\u0000 recipient locale. This study seeks to shed light on the practice of video games cultural localization in Iran by focusing on two\u0000 of the most prominent software localization and publication companies in Iran, namely Parnian and\u0000 Gerdoo. Furthermore, identifying the types of content considered inappropriate by the Iranian game\u0000 localization supervisory bodies constitutes another aim of the present study. To this end, six officially localized video games\u0000 are compared and contrasted with their original English counterparts. As for the results, the modifications were observed at both\u0000 diegetic and non-diegetic levels. Modifications revolved around the following themes: religious issues, socio-cultural issues, and\u0000 socio-political references linked to Iran’s legal and religious frameworks. Regarding the strategies, the localized video games\u0000 were modified by removing the cut scenes, applying graphical changes, and editing out the original soundtrack.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":"41 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The melody of Spanish dubbed dialogue 西班牙语配音对话的旋律
IF 1.6
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1075/ts.23007.san
Sofía Sánchez-Mompeán
{"title":"The melody of Spanish dubbed dialogue","authors":"Sofía Sánchez-Mompeán","doi":"10.1075/ts.23007.san","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23007.san","url":null,"abstract":"Dubbed speech has often been accused of sounding artificial and somewhat exaggerated, mainly because it features a type of melody that substantially differs from both spontaneous speech and domestic fictional dialogue. This paper explores the most significant vocal patterns that shape a recognisable melody in Castilian-Spanish dubbed dialogue in order to ascertain whether they really contribute to the artificiality of the target version or, on the contrary, help preserve the credibility of the film production and viewers’ cinematic illusion. The discussion reveals that dubbed speech is characterised by certain vocal features specific to this genre that, despite differing from the ones used in spontaneous speech and screen acting, appear to work effectively in dubbing and are generally tolerated by audiences. There seems to be room, however, for naturalising some of these patterns in an effort to achieve an acceptable balance between what conveys the impression of spontaneity and what sounds natural within the context of dubbing.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Translating gender in video games 翻译电子游戏中的性别
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1075/ts.22032.mar
Antonio Jesús Martínez Pleguezuelos
{"title":"Translating gender in video games","authors":"Antonio Jesús Martínez Pleguezuelos","doi":"10.1075/ts.22032.mar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22032.mar","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the role of localization in the representation of different gender and sexuality profiles in video games. Using Sara Ahmed’s queer phenomenology as a methodological framework, it analyzes the ideological and cultural limitations that restrict the rewriting of minority sexualities and genders when the original versions are transferred to other languages. The article begins by considering the generative capacities of translation as an agent that can discursively construct the subject, before focusing on the implications of localization for the shaping of identities from a phenomenological perspective to describe what conditions may lead to the appearance of translated queer paradigms in video games. The theoretical approach is applied to selected examples and conclusions for the practice of localization and its academic study are drawn.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":"33 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indirect translation and sustainable development 间接翻译与可持续发展
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1075/ts.00031.but
Jan Buts, Hanna Pięta, Laura Ivaska, James Hadley
{"title":"Indirect translation and sustainable development","authors":"Jan Buts, Hanna Pięta, Laura Ivaska, James Hadley","doi":"10.1075/ts.00031.but","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00031.but","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In August 2022, the New York Times published an article entitled Why is this colorful little wheel suddenly everywhere in Japan? ( Dooley and Ueno 2022 ). The little wheel refers to the logo of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a United Nations (UN) initiative at the core of Agenda 2030, an extensive “plan of action for people, planet and prosperity” ( UN General Assembly 2015 ). As illustrated by the Japanese example, the SDGs enjoy increasing public visibility across the globe and are frequently appealed to in education, politics and corporate communication. Despite the importance attached to the goals in both national and international settings, the SDG framework has received little attention in translation studies. This special collection aims to address this gap. The introduction presents the SDGs and highlights the role played in their dissemination by indirect translation, understood as translation of translation. The four articles included in the collection are introduced and further reflections are provided on the position of language as a resource at the interface of economic, social, and environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":"25 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135973424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The emotional value of Polish and English subtitles 波兰语和英语字幕的情感价值
IF 1.6
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1075/ts.23001.sta
Agata Stanisławska, Paweł Korpal
{"title":"The emotional value of Polish and English subtitles","authors":"Agata Stanisławska, Paweł Korpal","doi":"10.1075/ts.23001.sta","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.23001.sta","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Although research on the role of emotion in audiovisual translation and audio description has gained some ground in recent years, the emotional reception of subtitles as an AVT mode has been under researched. To address this empirical gap, this paper presents the results of a study on the emotional rating of English and Polish subtitles to a selection of animated films. Expressions from Polish and English subtitled versions of the same films were collected, and 100 participants (native speakers of Polish and English) were asked to rate them in terms of emotional valence and arousal evoked. While the main effect of utterance type (negatively valenced, neutral, positively valenced) was observed, there was no effect of language, suggesting that the subtitle excerpts elicited similar responses in both languages.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47862531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is indirect translation a friend or a foe of sustainable development? 间接翻译是可持续发展的朋友还是敌人?
IF 1.6
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1075/ts.22025.tor
E. Torres-Simón, Susana Valdez, Hanna Pięta, Rita Menezes
{"title":"Is indirect translation a friend or a foe of sustainable development?","authors":"E. Torres-Simón, Susana Valdez, Hanna Pięta, Rita Menezes","doi":"10.1075/ts.22025.tor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22025.tor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article addresses the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through the lens of pivot template subtitling, a practice deemed logistically efficient by some and ethically suspicious by others. Drawing on (i) a critical review of 29 European codes of ethics promoted by professional translation associations and (ii) the answers to our online questionnaire on pivot subtitling (completed by 376 subtitlers based in Europe), we analyse the main concerns raised about pivot subtitling from the standpoint of access to decent work and economic growth in the AVT industry. Findings suggest that, from the professional subtitlers’ point of view, current practices in pivot template-centred workflows may slow down the progress on SDG8, worsen working conditions and clash with professional codes of ethics. We end by suggesting ways to improve the use of indirect translation, so it does not hinder progress on SDG8 in the AVT industry.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43551275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fan indirect subtitling of Cdramas by women in Latin America and the Caribbean 拉丁美洲和加勒比地区女性为电视剧间接配字幕
IF 1.6
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1075/ts.22017.mor
Luis Damián Moreno García
{"title":"Fan indirect subtitling of Cdramas by women in Latin America and the Caribbean","authors":"Luis Damián Moreno García","doi":"10.1075/ts.22017.mor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22017.mor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Despite its controversial status, indirect translation remains one of the most prevalent translation methods and efforts have been made to explore the positive effects of this practice. The present article aims to contribute to such endeavours by researching the potential of indirect fansubbing for the promotion of several key areas of the United Nations’ Fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). The article reports on a fansubbing community consisting of Chinese to Spanish amateur subtitlers who have mobilised indirect translation to attain linguistic proficiency, translational skills and cultural literacy. Results from fieldwork and qualitative data show that indirect subtitles might enhance Spanish-speaking communities’ appreciation of foreign languages and cultures by providing access to otherwise inaccessible audiovisual products. The present research finds potential for indirect fansubbing as an autodidactic method capable of promoting a culture of lifelong learning, global citizenship, and the appreciation of cultural diversity, factors conducive to the fourth SDG.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47228403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indirect translation and its influence on term variation 间接翻译及其对术语变异的影响
IF 1.6
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1075/ts.22026.cab
Melania Cabezas-García, P. León-Araúz
{"title":"Indirect translation and its influence on term variation","authors":"Melania Cabezas-García, P. León-Araúz","doi":"10.1075/ts.22026.cab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22026.cab","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Term variation occurs when different designations are used to name the same concept. In institutional settings,\u0000 such as the European Union, term variants multiply, partly as a result of the different languages and directions involved.\u0000 Indirect translation is a recurrent practice in these multilingual contexts since it limits the number of language combinations,\u0000 besides reducing costs and the need for translators. This paper describes how indirect translation via English has an influence on\u0000 Spanish term variation in the European Union. We analyzed the EUR-Lex and Europarl English and Spanish corpora in Sketch Engine.\u0000 The focus was on concepts related to Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action, which are specifically\u0000 addressed in these institutional corpora as a result of a long-standing environmental awareness. Our analysis indicates that\u0000 indirect translation seems to have a subtle effect on term variants, since their proliferation seems to be mitigated when indirect\u0000 translation is used.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49310673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theorizing sustainable, low-resource MT in development settings 在发展环境中建立可持续的、低资源的MT理论
IF 1.6
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1075/ts.22018.rie
Matt Riemland
{"title":"Theorizing sustainable, low-resource MT in development settings","authors":"Matt Riemland","doi":"10.1075/ts.22018.rie","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22018.rie","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article conducts a meta-analysis of existing research to theorize how machine translation (MT) may help resolve underlying contradictions in the development sector that preclude the UN’s 10th Sustainable Development Goal: to reduce inequality within and among countries. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) frequently work in dominant languages and neglect marginalized languages, reinforcing power imbalances between the Global North and Global South in development planning. MT between marginalized languages may improve collaboration between local communities to redress shared disadvantages. As an example, the article hypothesizes a sustainable, “low-tech” MT system pivoting through Spanish to translate between three Mayan languages in Guatemala: K’iche’, Q’eqchi’, and Mam. First, the article theorizes three key dimensions comprising the overall sustainability of low-resource MT in development: quality, social, and environmental. It then evaluates the sustainability of various MT architectures. Finally, it reaffirms the ability for indirect translation (classic pivot-based MT) to facilitate MT between low-resource languages.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How production and distribution processes shape translations in organisations 生产和分销流程如何影响组织中的翻译
IF 1.6
Translation Spaces Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1075/ts.22038.haa
R. Haapaniemi
{"title":"How production and distribution processes shape translations in organisations","authors":"R. Haapaniemi","doi":"10.1075/ts.22038.haa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.22038.haa","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Finnish Tax Administration’s OmaVero (OV) e-service is an example of an organisational software development and text production process in which translation plays a significant role. In this article, the concept of materiality is utilised to analyse how aspects of the wider process affect the form and content of OV translations. A distinction is made between the translations’ production and distribution process, the effects of the former being manifested mainly through the use of digital translation tools and those of the latter through the conventions of OV software development. A material analysis reveals a conflict in how these two processes treat language as a textual element: the production process downplays and obscures the connection between language content and its textual environment, while the distribution process attaches great importance to this relationship. This demonstrates how a material perspective can introduce useful nuance into analyses of textual communication processes in translation studies.","PeriodicalId":43764,"journal":{"name":"Translation Spaces","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41350802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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