CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE最新文献

{"title":"AMPK-dependent autophagy mediates the renoprotective effects of phenolic-rich grape pomace extract in obesity-induced nephropathy","authors":"Tatiana Figueras, Valeria E. Cacciamani, Andrea F. Gil Lorenzo, Laila Suhaiman, Andrea N. Antoniolli, Marcela A. Vazquez Prieto, Valeria V. Costantino","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease. High-fat diet (HFD) consumption promotes renal lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and impaired adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. We previously demonstrated that grape pomace extract (GPE), rich in phenolic compounds, ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic alterations and protects against renal injury in HFD-fed mice.</div></div><div>Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease. High-fat diet (HFD) consumption promotes renal lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and impaired adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. We previously demonstrated that grape pomace extract (GPE), rich in phenolic compounds, ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic alterations and protects against renal injury in HFD-fed mice.</div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated whether the renoprotective effects of GPE are mediated through AMPK activation and autophagy modulation.</div></div><div>This study investigated whether the renoprotective effects of GPE are mediated through AMPK activation and autophagy modulation.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard diet (16%<!--> <!-->kcal from fat) or an HFD (60%<!--> <!-->kcal from fat), with or without GPE (300<!--> <!-->mg/kg/day), for 16 weeks. To determine the role of AMPK signaling, a subset of animals received Compound C, a selective AMPK inhibitor (20<!--> <!-->mg/kg/day), during the last 4 weeks of treatment (Protocol approval No 286/2026, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the School of Medical Science, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo). Renal function, histopathological alterations, lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and autophagy-related markers were evaluated.</div></div><div>Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard diet (16%<!--> <!-->kcal from fat) or an HFD (60%<!--> <!-->kcal from fat), with or without GPE (300<!--> <!-->mg/kg/day), for 16 weeks. To determine the role of AMPK signaling, a subset of animals received Compound C, a selective AMPK inhibitor (20<!--> <!-->mg/kg/day), during the last 4 weeks of treatment (Protocol approval No 286/2026, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the School of Medical Science, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo). Renal function, histopathological alterations, lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and autophagy-related markers were evaluated.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HFD feeding induced visceral adiposity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, renal lipid accumulation, impaired kidney function, tubular and glomerular injury, and fibrosis. GPE supplementation attenuated obesity and markedly reduced renal damage which was associated with enhanced AMPK activation and autophagic flux. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of AMPK abolished the protective effects of GPE, resulting in aggravated renal damage, ","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between polygenic risk score and eating behavior in overweight adults (GenON study)","authors":"Isabella Mendes, Laís Teixeira Campos, Polimar Ferreira Fonseca, Flávia Galvão Cândido, Karla Pereira Balbino, Ana Claudia Pelissari Kravchychyn, Josefina Bressan, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the association between a dominant polygenic risk score (PRS) for obesity and eating behavior in adults with overweight or obesity.</div></div><div>To investigate the association between a dominant polygenic risk score (PRS) for obesity and eating behavior in adults with overweight or obesity.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from 113 adults with overweight or obesity (33 men and 80 women, mean age of 36.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->8,1 years and a BMI of 33.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.3<!--> <!-->kg/m<sup>2</sup>), who were enrolled in an 18-week, 2<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->2 factorial randomized controlled trial (GenON Program, ReBEC number: RBR-8csbc2g). Eating behavior was assessed using the ThreeFactor Eating Questionnaire across three domains: uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and cognitive restraint. The dominant PRS was calculated as the sum of polymorphisms carrying at least one risk allele in obesity-associated genes (FTO – rs9939609 and rs1121980, MC4R–rs17782313, LEP – rs7799039, LEPR – rs112130, CLOCK–rs1801260), coded according to the presence of risk alleles. We performed multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for sex, age, BMI, physical activity level, and ethnicity. All volunteers signed the Informed Consent Form (Ethics Committee's opinion No. 7.283.411/CEPH/UFV).</div></div><div>This cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from 113 adults with overweight or obesity (33 men and 80 women, mean age of 36.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->8,1 years and a BMI of 33.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.3<!--> <!-->kg/m<sup>2</sup>), who were enrolled in an 18-week, 2<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->2 factorial randomized controlled trial (GenON Program, ReBEC number: RBR-8csbc2g). Eating behavior was assessed using the ThreeFactor Eating Questionnaire across three domains: uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and cognitive restraint. The dominant PRS was calculated as the sum of polymorphisms carrying at least one risk allele in obesity-associated genes (FTO – rs9939609 and rs1121980, MC4R–rs17782313, LEP – rs7799039, LEPR – rs112130, CLOCK–rs1801260), coded according to the presence of risk alleles. We performed multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for sex, age, BMI, physical activity level, and ethnicity. All volunteers signed the Informed Consent Form (Ethics Committee's opinion No. 7.283.411/CEPH/UFV).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean scores for uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and cognitive restraint were 45.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->21.1, 50.1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->30.2 and 45.1<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->15.5, respectively. For PRS, 0 (3.6%) present no SNP, 5 (4.4%) one SNP; 14 (12.4%) two SNPs; 33 (29.2%) three SNPs; 24 (21.2%) four SNPs; 24 (21.2%) five SNPs and 9 (8.0%) six SNPs. All genes were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05). The dominant PRS was positively associated only with emotion","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coconut oil enhances hepatic lipogenesis and lipid accretion in rats fed recommended- and high-fat diets","authors":"Mariana Escobar, Daiana Roncaglia, Ana Clara Fariña, Claudio Bernal, Carolina Gerstner","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><div>Coconut oil (CO) consumption has increased due to its potential health benefits, mainly attributed to its high content of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), vitamin E, and antioxidant compounds. However, CO contains more than 90% saturated FA (SFA), raising concerns regarding its impact on cardiometabolic health. The inconsistent evidence on the nutrigenomic effects of CO may be partially attributed to differences in dietary fat intake and CO dosage. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the effect of dietary CO on triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism under recommended- and high-fat dietary conditions.</div></div><div>Coconut oil (CO) consumption has increased due to its potential health benefits, mainly attributed to its high content of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), vitamin E, and antioxidant compounds. However, CO contains more than 90% saturated FA (SFA), raising concerns regarding its impact on cardiometabolic health. The inconsistent evidence on the nutrigenomic effects of CO may be partially attributed to differences in dietary fat intake and CO dosage. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the effect of dietary CO on triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism under recommended- and high-fat dietary conditions.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male Wistar rats (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->6/group) were fed for 12 weeks one of six experimental diets: S4 (4% soybean oil), C4 (4% CO), S30 (30% soybean oil), or high-fat diets supplemented with low (C30L), medium (C30M) or high (C30H) levels of CO. Nutritional parameters, carcass composition, serum and hepatic TAG and cholesterol concentrations, and fatty acid (FA) profiles in liver, epididymal adipose tissue and serum were determined. Hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport was also evaluated.</div></div><div>Male Wistar rats (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->6/group) were fed for 12 weeks one of six experimental diets: S4 (4% soybean oil), C4 (4% CO), S30 (30% soybean oil), or high-fat diets supplemented with low (C30L), medium (C30M) or high (C30H) levels of CO. Nutritional parameters, carcass composition, serum and hepatic TAG and cholesterol concentrations, and fatty acid (FA) profiles in liver, epididymal adipose tissue and serum were determined. Hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport was also evaluated.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the recommended dietary fat level, CO increased hepatic TAG accretion (62%) associated with up-regulation of FATP2, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC, and SCD1, as well as increased tissue levels of SFA and lipogenic FA markers (9c-16:1 and 11c-18:1). These alterations occurred without changes in body weight gain, adiposity, serum TAG and cholesterol, and increased enzyme and gene expression related to beta-oxidation. Under high-fat conditions, rats fed the C30M diet exacerbated the hepatic TAG accretion (24%), accompanied by increased expression of lipogenic g","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between gut microbiome and nutrition in psychosocial trauma management: A systematic review","authors":"Luísa de Morais Vieira Cavalcanti, Letícia Maria Fonseca Morais, Maria Luiza Tavares de Almeida, Marina Albuquerque Leça, Nathalia Caroline de Oliveira Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to analyze the alterations of the intestinal Microbiome in psychosocial trauma and to describe nutritional strategies that can modulate this pathway.</div></div><div>This study aims to analyze the alterations of the intestinal Microbiome in psychosocial trauma and to describe nutritional strategies that can modulate this pathway.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261420695) and according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The articles were selected from January to May/2026 in the PubMed, SciELO and Science Direct databases, using the descriptors “gut Microbiome, gut-brain axis, trauma, trauma response to trauma, dysbiosis, nutrition and mental health.” Original articles (2010–2026), in Portuguese, English or Spanish, with human beings, were included.</div></div><div>Systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261420695) and according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The articles were selected from January to May/2026 in the PubMed, SciELO and Science Direct databases, using the descriptors “gut Microbiome, gut-brain axis, trauma, trauma response to trauma, dysbiosis, nutrition and mental health.” Original articles (2010–2026), in Portuguese, English or Spanish, with human beings, were included.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Studies suggest that individuals exposed to psychosocial trauma frequently exhibit a dysbiotic profile, characterized by the expansion of proteobacteria phylum, reduction of Lactobacillaceae family, with reduction of the production of butyrate and propionate metabolites. This change may impair the synthesis of enteric serotonin and GABA, increases intestinal permeability and amplifies central neuroinflammation, establishing a negative feedback cycle between dysbiosis, neuroinflammation and trauma response. Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, fermented foods and prebiotic fibers may increase microbial diversity and shortchain fatty acid production, potentially contributing to resilience against trauma-associated neuroinflammation.</div></div><div>Studies suggest that individuals exposed to psychosocial trauma frequently exhibit a dysbiotic profile, characterized by the expansion of proteobacteria phylum, reduction of Lactobacillaceae family, with reduction of the production of butyrate and propionate metabolites. This change may impair the synthesis of enteric serotonin and GABA, increases intestinal permeability and amplifies central neuroinflammation, establishing a negative feedback cycle between dysbiosis, neuroinflammation and trauma response. Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, fermented foods and prebiotic fibers may increase microbial diversity and shortchain fatty acid production, potentially contributing to resilience against trauma-associated neuroinflammation.</div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The intestinal microbiome appears to be an important biological mediator in maintaining the resp","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary interventions against micro- and nanoplastic toxicity: Evidence, gaps, and translational challenges","authors":"Alberto Dávalos, Victoria Martín, Carmen Mazario-Gárgoles, Carmen Crespo, Laura Rubio, Juan A. Nieto, Amanda Cuevas, María-Carmen Lopez de las Hazas","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) occurs primarily through dietary intake, including contaminated water, seafood, packaged foods, and highly processed products. MNPs have been detected in blood, placenta, brain tissue, and cardiovascular plaques, raising concerns about potential health impacts. Experimental studies suggest that ingested MNPs may impair gut barrier integrity, alter the gut microbiota, induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory signaling pathways, including NLRP3 inflammasome activation, potentially contributing to metabolic disturbances. However, the relevance of these findings to human health remains uncertain.</div></div><div>Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) occurs primarily through dietary intake, including contaminated water, seafood, packaged foods, and highly processed products. MNPs have been detected in blood, placenta, brain tissue, and cardiovascular plaques, raising concerns about potential health impacts. Experimental studies suggest that ingested MNPs may impair gut barrier integrity, alter the gut microbiota, induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory signaling pathways, including NLRP3 inflammasome activation, potentially contributing to metabolic disturbances. However, the relevance of these findings to human health remains uncertain.</div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To critically synthesize evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies on dietary and nutritional interventions that may reduce MNP exposure or mitigate their biological effects, while highlighting major methodological and translational limitations.</div></div><div>To critically synthesize evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies on dietary and nutritional interventions that may reduce MNP exposure or mitigate their biological effects, while highlighting major methodological and translational limitations.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A narrative review of preclinical and human literature was conducted, focusing on dietary strategies affecting MNP bioavailability, intestinal barrier function, oxidative stress, inflammation, microbiota composition, and excretion pathways. Evidence on dietary sources of exposure and exposure-reduction approaches was also evaluated.</div></div><div>A narrative review of preclinical and human literature was conducted, focusing on dietary strategies affecting MNP bioavailability, intestinal barrier function, oxidative stress, inflammation, microbiota composition, and excretion pathways. Evidence on dietary sources of exposure and exposure-reduction approaches was also evaluated.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Three intervention categories show promise in experimental models: (1) dietary fibers, including chitosan, which enhance fecal MNP elimination, restore shortchain fatty acid production, and improve dysbiosis; (2) antioxidants, such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, naringin, and astaxanthin, which acti","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e14-e15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle health assessment in women in the late postoperative period of bariatric and metabolic surgery: Contributions of the muscle quality index as a complementary tool to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria","authors":"Luma de Sousa Silva, Caroline Coelho Ribeiro, Laís Narciso Barbosa, Larissa de Araujo Moraes, Maitê Godefroy de Freitas Arantes Brasil, Maria Fernanda Pessoa Maia, Nathalia Gomes Pepe, Milena de Carvalho Paulos, Erika Duarte Ostemberg, Eliane Lopes Rosado","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess muscle health in women undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) through handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), and muscle quality index (MQI), evaluating the capacity of the EWGSOP2 criteria to identify muscle quality impairment in this population.</div></div><div>To assess muscle health in women undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) through handgrip strength (HGS), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), and muscle quality index (MQI), evaluating the capacity of the EWGSOP2 criteria to identify muscle quality impairment in this population.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional study approved by the ethics committee (CAAE: 86040024.0.1001.5257). Adult women who underwent BMS through Sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with a postoperative period between 1.5 and 5 years, enrolled at the Clementino Fraga Filho (UFRJ) and Pedro Ernesto (UERJ) University Hospitals, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were included. HGS was assessed by dynamometry and ASMM by DXA. The MQI was estimated by the HGS/ASMM ratio and categorized into tertiles, with the lowest tertile defined as low muscle quality. Patients were classified according to EWGSOP2 for strength (<<!--> <!-->16<!--> <!-->kgf) and mass (<<!--> <!-->15<!--> <!-->kg). Normality was verified by Shapiro-Wilk. Student's <em>t</em>-test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson correlation were used (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div>Cross-sectional study approved by the ethics committee (CAAE: 86040024.0.1001.5257). Adult women who underwent BMS through Sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with a postoperative period between 1.5 and 5 years, enrolled at the Clementino Fraga Filho (UFRJ) and Pedro Ernesto (UERJ) University Hospitals, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were included. HGS was assessed by dynamometry and ASMM by DXA. The MQI was estimated by the HGS/ASMM ratio and categorized into tertiles, with the lowest tertile defined as low muscle quality. Patients were classified according to EWGSOP2 for strength (<<!--> <!-->16<!--> <!-->kgf) and mass (<<!--> <!-->15<!--> <!-->kg). Normality was verified by Shapiro-Wilk. Student's <em>t</em>-test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson correlation were used (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-six women were evaluated with a mean age of 47.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->7.7 years, BMI of 32.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.1<!--> <!-->kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and postoperative period of 3.35 years (IQR: 2.52–4.00). Of these, 12 (21.4%) underwent Sleeve gastrectomy and 44 (78.6%) gastric bypass. Mean values were: HGS 25.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.3 kgf, ASMM 20.0<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.4<!--> <!-->kg, and MQI 1.28<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.27. According to EWGSOP2, 55 women (98.2%) presented normal HGS and 52 (92.9%) normal ASMM. In contrast, the MQI identified 18 (32%) patients in the low muscle quality subgroup. No signif","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) on energy intake, macronutrients, and diet quality in individuals with obesity","authors":"Matheus Maia Soares, Hilana Moreira Paiva, Rafaella Lima Souza da Silva, Cruz Gustavo Gavina da Cruz, Claudio Tinoco Mesquita, Ana Carolina Proença da Fonseca, Flavia Lucia Conceição, Fernanda Cristina C. Mattos, João Regis Ivar Carneiro","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the association of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with energy intake, macronutrients, and diet quality in individuals with obesity.</div></div><div>To evaluate the association of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with energy intake, macronutrients, and diet quality in individuals with obesity.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 49 individuals from the Severe Obesity Program of HUCFF/UFRJ (CAAE 82844917.8.3004.5257). Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated using a score (4–12 points) based on protective components (fibers, unsaturated fats) and risk factors (saturated fats, added sugar), analyzed both continuously and stratified into tertiles. Body composition was assessed by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Chi<sup>2</sup>, and a multiple linear regression model (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and physical activity) to evaluate independent associations, adopting <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 49 individuals from the Severe Obesity Program of HUCFF/UFRJ (CAAE 82844917.8.3004.5257). Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was evaluated using a score (4–12 points) based on protective components (fibers, unsaturated fats) and risk factors (saturated fats, added sugar), analyzed both continuously and stratified into tertiles. Body composition was assessed by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Chi<sup>2</sup>, and a multiple linear regression model (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and physical activity) to evaluate independent associations, adopting <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample predominantly comprised females with a mean BMI indicating severe obesity (AA: 41.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->5.6; AT: 41.3<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->4.8; TT: 42.5<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->7.4<!--> <!-->kg/m<sup>2</sup>; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.852). Baseline characteristics (age, body mass, fat/lean mass, and physical activity) did not differ among genotypes (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05). Total energy consumption (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.327) and proportional intake of proteins (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.347), carbohydrates (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.146), and lipids (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.425) were similar across groups. Diet quality scores (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.651) and tertile distributions (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.564) also showed no differences. No significant difference was found for absolute daily fiber intake (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.372). However, fiber density (g/1000<!--> <!-->kcal) varied significantly in the bivariate analysis (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.049), with the AA genotype show","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e40-e41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the rs17782313 polymorphism of the MC4R gene with gestational weight gain in women with obesity","authors":"Larissa Almenara Moreira da Costa, Cláudia Saunders, Ludmilla Gomes de Souza, Laura Lima Camelo, Luiza Jurado Piay, Yasmin Ferreira Riera, Letícia Barbosa Gabriel da Silva, Eliane Lopes Rosado","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the association between the rs17782313 polymorphism of the <em>MC4R</em> gene and gestational weight gain, dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics in pregnant women with obesity.</div></div><div>To evaluate the association between the rs17782313 polymorphism of the <em>MC4R</em> gene and gestational weight gain, dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics in pregnant women with obesity.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational study included pregnant women with obesity receiving prenatal care at a teaching maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, dietary intake, and physical activity were assessed. Dietary intake was estimated using the mean of food frequency questionnaires administered during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Genotyping of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism was performed by real-time PCR. Participants were grouped according to the presence or absence of the variant allele. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Mann–Whitney test, with a significance level of 5%. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Teaching Maternity Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (approval number 90080225.9.0000.5275).</div></div><div>This observational study included pregnant women with obesity receiving prenatal care at a teaching maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, dietary intake, and physical activity were assessed. Dietary intake was estimated using the mean of food frequency questionnaires administered during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Genotyping of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism was performed by real-time PCR. Participants were grouped according to the presence or absence of the variant allele. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Mann–Whitney test, with a significance level of 5%. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Teaching Maternity Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (approval number 90080225.9.0000.5275).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-three women were analyzed, including 15 non-carriers and 8 carriers of the variant allele. Carriers showed lower median gestational weight gain compared with non-carriers (1.70 vs. 6.95<!--> <!-->kg), although the difference was not statistically significant (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.245). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding maternal age (30.0 vs.29.5 years; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.745), pre-pregnancy BMI (35.25 vs. 33.20<!--> <!-->kg/m<sup>2</sup>; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.100), energy intake (2124.24 vs. 1722.04<!--> <!-->kcal; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.259), protein intake (23.20% vs. 23.35%; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.349), carbohydrate intake (45.90% vs. 46.85%; <em>P</e","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish oil from regional river waste mitigates hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia in Wistar rats fed high-fat diets","authors":"Jimena Lavandera, Sofía Neville, Daniela Lamas, Valentina Naretto, Claudio Bernal, Juliana Sain","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><div>The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases has increased interest in the study of functional foods or ingredients. Therefore, using river fish industry by-products as a source of bioactive lipids represents a promising strategy for preventing metabolic disorders. By taking advantage of this regional resource, this study aimed to evaluate the biological functionality of fish oil (FO) extracted from local fish waste as a source of n-3 PUFAs, focusing on its ability to prevent metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and correct lipid imbalances in a growing murine model fed high-fat diets.</div></div><div>The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases has increased interest in the study of functional foods or ingredients. Therefore, using river fish industry by-products as a source of bioactive lipids represents a promising strategy for preventing metabolic disorders. By taking advantage of this regional resource, this study aimed to evaluate the biological functionality of fish oil (FO) extracted from local fish waste as a source of n-3 PUFAs, focusing on its ability to prevent metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and correct lipid imbalances in a growing murine model fed high-fat diets.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Wistar rats (100<!--> <!-->g) (Ethics Committee approval No. CES2024-88) were randomly assigned to four groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->6/group) and fed with one of the following diets for 60 days: S7 (control AIN 93G: 7% soybean oil); S30 (30% soybean oil); C30 (27% corn oil<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->3% soybean oil); and F30 (27% FO<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->3% soybean oil). Body weight and energy intake were monitored. After sacrifice (decapitation), serum lipid profiles, glucose, and transaminases (GOT/GPT) were measured using commercial kits. Liver analysis included total triglycerides (TAG), cholesterol, fatty acid (FA) profile (gas chromatography), and mRNA expression of lipogenic and β-oxidation markers (RT-qPCR). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div>Wistar rats (100<!--> <!-->g) (Ethics Committee approval No. CES2024-88) were randomly assigned to four groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->6/group) and fed with one of the following diets for 60 days: S7 (control AIN 93G: 7% soybean oil); S30 (30% soybean oil); C30 (27% corn oil<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->3% soybean oil); and F30 (27% FO<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->3% soybean oil). Body weight and energy intake were monitored. After sacrifice (decapitation), serum lipid profiles, glucose, and transaminases (GOT/GPT) were measured using commercial kits. Liver analysis included total triglycerides (TAG), cholesterol, fatty acid (FA) profile (gas chromatography), and mRNA expression of lipogenic and β-oxidation markers (RT-qPCR). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (<em>P</em> <!--><<!","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e15-e16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), body adiposity indicators, and the metabolic profile of women","authors":"Luma de Sousa Silva, Natalia Cardoso da Silva, Edna Massae Yokoo","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To estimate the correlation between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and body fat indicators with the lipid profile and glycemia in adult women followed by the Family Medical Program (FMP) of Niterói.</div></div><div>To estimate the correlation between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and body fat indicators with the lipid profile and glycemia in adult women followed by the Family Medical Program (FMP) of Niterói.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional study, part of the Digitalis Project (CAAE: 0077.0.258.000-10). Adult women aged between 18 and 64 years followed by the Family Medical Program of Niterói were evaluated. Lipid indicators (total cholesterol, HDL, non-HDL, and triglycerides), fasting glycemia, body adiposity indicators (total fat percentage, android fat, gynoid fat, and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]) estimated by DXA, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the DII composed of 28 dietary parameters were analyzed. Data normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test and correlation was estimated using Spearman's test, adopting <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div>This is a cross-sectional study, part of the Digitalis Project (CAAE: 0077.0.258.000-10). Adult women aged between 18 and 64 years followed by the Family Medical Program of Niterói were evaluated. Lipid indicators (total cholesterol, HDL, non-HDL, and triglycerides), fasting glycemia, body adiposity indicators (total fat percentage, android fat, gynoid fat, and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]) estimated by DXA, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the DII composed of 28 dietary parameters were analyzed. Data normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test and correlation was estimated using Spearman's test, adopting <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample consisted of 179 women with a median age of 55 years (IQR: 50.0–59.0) and BMI of 28.5<!--> <!-->kg/m<sup>2</sup> (IQR: 25.5–32.6), corresponding to excess weight, and DII with a median of −1.51 (IQR: −2.41–−0.31), characterizing an anti-inflammatory diet. Adiposity markers showed significant positive correlation wth glycemia, being most strongly observed for BMI (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.390; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), VAT (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.320; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), android fat percentage (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.304; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), and total fat percentage (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.269; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001). Gynoid fat percentage did not correlate significantly with glycemia (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.086; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.251). Regarding the lipid profile, only VAT showed significant positive correlation, exclusively with triglycerides (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.171; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.023). The DII did not correlate significantly with glycemia (<em>r</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.096; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e48-e49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}