Surface Science Reports最新文献

{"title":"Magnonic circuits and crystals","authors":"Housni Al-Wahsh ,&nbsp;Abdellatif Akjouj ,&nbsp;Bahram Djafari-Rouhani ,&nbsp;Leonard Dobrzynski","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>In the frame of the long-wavelength Heisenberg model, a simple magnonic mono-mode circuit is designed to obtain transmission stop (pass) bands where the propagation of </span>spin waves is forbidden (allowed). This simple device is composed of an infinite one-dimensional monomode </span>waveguide<span> (the backbone) along which side resonators (symmetric or asymmetric loops) are grafted. These circuits are usually mono-mode when the lateral dimensions of the conducting wires are small as compared to the magnon wavelength. Their production utilizes the most advanced surface technologies and represents one of the most important challenges for the next decade. In all these circuits, the interfaces between the different wires out of which the circuits are made, play a fundamental role. All such circuits exhibit a variety of interference effects in their transport properties. Emphasis in this review article is placed on the network creations, which include stubs or resonators, closed symmetric or asymmetric loops and interconnecting branched networks. In other words, a fundamental understanding of nanoscaled materials has become an important challenge for any technical applications. For magnetic </span></span>nanoparticles, the investigations are in particular stimulated by the magnetic storage devices. Then we present a theory of the magnon propagation in a quasi-one-dimensional resonant structure, composed of one nanometric magnetic cluster chain and adsorbed clusters near the chain. Results for the transmission and reflection properties of such circuits (nanometric networks) are discussed, as a function of the frequency of the excitations and the physical or geometrical properties of the circuits.</p><p>In the last part of this report, we review magnonic crystals. These man-conceived materials should be useful for many applications and, in particular, for designing the mono-mode circuits reviewed in the first part of this paper.</p><p>These magnonic materials and circuits may have uses for the design of integrated devices such as narrow-frequency optical or microwave filters, high-speed switches, multiplexers, storage devices, ….</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"66 2","pages":"Pages 29-75"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2011-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2008145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instructions to authors for Surface Science Reports","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5729(10)00100-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5729(10)00100-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"66 1","pages":"Pages v-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5729(10)00100-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1828706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability, intermixing and electronic structure at the epitaxial LaAlO3/SrTiO3(001) heterojunction","authors":"S.A. Chambers ,&nbsp;M.H. Engelhard ,&nbsp;V. Shutthanandan ,&nbsp;Z. Zhu ,&nbsp;T.C. Droubay ,&nbsp;L. Qiao ,&nbsp;P.V. Sushko ,&nbsp;T. Feng ,&nbsp;H.D. Lee ,&nbsp;T. Gustafsson ,&nbsp;E. Garfunkel ,&nbsp;A.B. Shah ,&nbsp;J.-M. Zuo ,&nbsp;Q.M. Ramasse","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The question of stability against diffusional mixing at the prototypical LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃<span><span>(001) interface is explored using a multi-faceted experimental and theoretical approach. We combine analytical methods with a range of sensitivities to elemental concentrations and spatial separations to investigate interfaces grown using on-axis pulsed laser deposition. We also employ </span>computational modeling<span> based on the density function theory as well as classical force fields to explore the energetic<span> stability of a wide variety of intermixed atomic configurations relative to the idealized, atomically abrupt model. Statistical analysis of the calculated energies for the various configurations is used to elucidate the relative thermodynamic stability of intermixed and abrupt configurations. We find that on both experimental and theoretical fronts, the tendency toward intermixing is very strong. We have also measured and calculated key electronic properties such as potential energy gradients and valence band discontinuity at the interface. We find no measurable electric field in either the LaAlO</span></span></span>₃ or SrTiO₃<span><span><span>, and that the valence band offset is near zero, partitioning the band discontinuity almost entirely to the conduction band edge. Significantly, we find it is not possible to account for these electronic properties theoretically without including extensive intermixing in our physical model of the interface. The atomic configurations which give the greatest </span>electrostatic stability are those that eliminate the interface dipole by intermixing, calling into question the conventional explanation for </span>conductivity at this interface—electronic reconstruction. Rather, evidence is presented for La indiffusion and doping of the SrTiO</span>₃ below the interface as being the cause of the observed conductivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"65 10","pages":"Pages 317-352"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2424401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional phononic crystals: Examples and applications","authors":"Yan Pennec ,&nbsp;Jérôme O. Vasseur ,&nbsp;Bahram Djafari-Rouhani ,&nbsp;Leonard Dobrzyński ,&nbsp;Pierre A. Deymier","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Phononic crystals are composite materials made of periodic distributions of inclusions embedded in a matrix. Due to their </span>periodic structure, these materials may exhibit under certain conditions, absolute acoustic band gaps i.e. forbidden bands that are independent of the direction of propagation of the incident elastic wave. In the first part of this review paper, we present some examples of two-dimensional bulk phononic crystals i.e. two-dimensional arrays of inclusions assumed of infinite extent along the three spatial directions. We show that the bandwidth of the forbidden band depends strongly on the nature of the constituent materials (solid or fluid), as well as the contrast between the physical characteristics (density and elastic moduli) of the inclusions and of the matrix, the geometry of the array of inclusions, the inclusion shape and the filling factor of inclusions. The second part of this review paper is devoted to some possible applications of these composite materials. In particular, we show that defect modes (cavities, </span>waveguides<span><span>, stubs, etc.) inserted inside the two-dimensional periodic structure may lead to very selective frequency filters and efficient devices for the wavelength demultiplexing. We present also the possibility of sonic insulators for frequencies of the order of kHz with relatively small thicknesses of phononic crystal samples. Finally we report on the vibration modes of a two-dimensional phononic crystal plate i.e. a phononic crystal of finite thickness along the axis of the inclusions. We discuss guided modes which may occur in the </span>band structure<span> of the plate. Surface acoustic waves propagating in two-dimensional phononic crystals should open new perspectives in high-frequency radio-frequency devices. Throughout the paper, the methods of calculation are presented with some details and some experimental results complete the numerical predictions.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"65 8","pages":"Pages 229-291"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2424402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescence experiments on supported molecules with the scanning tunneling microscope","authors":"Frédéric Rossel,&nbsp;Marina Pivetta,&nbsp;Wolf-Dieter Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The present review on light emission stimulated by </span>electrons tunneling<span><span> inelastically through a junction formed by a sample and a tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) focusses on the most relevant results obtained for a variety of systems, including metal surfaces, single molecules on ultrathin </span>dielectric films<span><span><span>, and molecules assembled in thin films or in </span>nanostructures on metal surfaces or on dielectric films. The decisive role of the localized </span>surface plasmon for the enhanced luminescence from supported molecules is highlighted. The progress so far achieved for both experimental techniques and theoretical analysis is addressed. Current trends are discussed and possible future developments are indicated. STM-induced </span></span></span>photon emission<span> has come a long way. More than a decade ago, simple photon maps reflected only the emitted light intensity on a local scale. Today this technique has advanced to spectroscopically resolve optical emission from electronic and vibrational molecular modes in single molecules, demonstrating the capability of STM-induced light emission for chemical recognition on the single-molecule scale.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"65 5","pages":"Pages 129-144"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2010-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3264620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface reactions of uranium oxide powder, thin films and single crystals","authors":"H. Idriss","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The review deals with surface reactions of the complex uranium oxide<span> systems with relevance to catalysis and the environment. After a brief introduction on the properties of uranium oxides, the focus of the review is on surface science studies of defined structures of uranium oxides which are entirely on UO</span></span>₂<span> because of the lack of available model on other uranium oxide systems. Powder work is also included as it has given considerable information related to the dynamics between the many phases of uranium oxides. Many chemical reactions are mapped and these include water dissociative adsorption<span> and reaction, CO oxidation<span> and reductive coupling<span>, as well as the reaction of oxygen containing organic compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids in addition to a few examples of sulfur and nitrogen containing compounds.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"65 3","pages":"Pages 67-109"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2010-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2010.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2424376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast surface vibrational dynamics","authors":"Heike Arnolds ,&nbsp;Mischa Bonn","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Surface vibrational spectroscopy<span> has developed rapidly over the past decades, thanks to the advent of ultrashort tunable laser pulses in the mid-infrared range. In particular, femtosecond laser sources allow for novel broadband, time-resolved vibrational </span></span>sum frequency generation<span> (fs-SFG) experiments. This all-optical surface spectroscopy has made a rather remarkable transition from simple model systems in ultra high vacuum to tackling real world problems in catalysis and life sciences. By monitoring the temporal evolution of the vibrations of surface molecules, fs-SFG has, over the last ten years, allowed novel insights into the dynamics of surface processes such as desorption, reaction, </span></span>diffusion and energy transfer across vibrational modes. The technique has also begun to unravel some considerably more complex systems like liquid or cell surfaces. The reasons for this progress are inherent in the spectroscopy: it has ultrafast time resolution on timescales that are relevant to basic bond-making and breaking steps, and it is inherently surface specific, with enhanced sensitivity and reduced sample damage. We review recent breakthroughs and developments in the field of ultrafast surface vibrational dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"65 2","pages":"Pages 45-66"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2010-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2186909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-energy electron-induced reactions in condensed matter","authors":"Christopher R. Arumainayagam,&nbsp;Hsiao-Lu Lee,&nbsp;Rachel B. Nelson,&nbsp;David R. Haines,&nbsp;Richard P. Gunawardane","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goal of this review is to discuss post-irradiation analysis of low-energy (≤50 eV) electron-induced processes in nanoscale thin films. Because electron-induced surface reactions in monolayer adsorbates have been extensively reviewed, we will instead focus on low-energy electron-induced reactions in multilayer adsorbates. The latter studies, involving nanoscale thin films, serve to elucidate the pivotal role that the low-energy electron-induced reactions play in high-energy radiation-induced chemical reactions in condensed matter. Although electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) experiments conducted during irradiation have yielded vital information relevant to primary or initial electron-induced processes, we wish to demonstrate in this review that analyzing the products following low-energy electron irradiation can provide new insights into radiation chemistry. This review presents studies of electron-induced reactions in nanoscale films of molecular species such as oxygen, nitrogen trifluoride, water, alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, nitriles, halocarbons, alkane and phenyl thiols, thiophenes, ferrocene, amino acids, nucleotides, and DNA using post-irradiation techniques such as temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), gel electrophoresis, and microarray fluorescence. Post-irradiation temperature-programmed desorption, in particular, has been shown to be useful in identifying labile radiolysis products as demonstrated by the first identification of methoxymethanol as a reaction product of methanol radiolysis. Results of post-irradiation studies have been used not only to identify radiolysis products, but also to determine the dynamics of electron-induced reactions. For example, studies of the radiolysis yield as a function of incident electron energy have shown that dissociative electron attachment plays an important role in the electron-induced single strand breaks in DNA leading to mutagenic damage. Studies such as these not only provide insight into the fundamentals of electron–molecule interactions in the condensed phase but also may provide information valuable to (a) furthering cost-efficient destruction of hazardous chemicals, (b) understanding the electron-induced decomposition of feed gases used in the plasma processing of semiconductor devices, (c) clarifying the role, if any, of low-energy electrons, produced by cosmic rays, contributing to the formation of the ozone hole by interacting with halocarbons and producing Cl atoms, (d) illuminating the dynamics of electron-induced oligomerization and/or polymerization, and (e) explicating the astrochemistry of icy grains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"65 1","pages":"Pages 1-44"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2506806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instructions to authors for Surface Science Reports","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0167-5729(09)00097-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5729(09)00097-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"65 1","pages":"Pages v-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0167-5729(09)00097-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2484656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties of oxide thin films and their adsorption behavior studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and conductance spectroscopy","authors":"Niklas Nilius","doi":"10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The preparation of thin oxide films<span> on metal supports is a versatile approach to explore the properties of oxide materials that are otherwise inaccessible to most surface science techniques due to their insulating nature. Although substantial progress has been made in the characterization of </span></span>oxide surfaces<span> with spatially averaging techniques, a local view is often essential to provide comprehensive understanding of such systems. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a powerful tool to obtain atomic-scale information on the growth behavior of oxide films, the resulting surface morphology and defect structure. Furthermore, the binding configuration and spatial distribution of adsorbates on the oxide surface, as well as their electronic and optical properties can be probed with the STM and embedded spectroscopic techniques.</span></p><p><span><span>This article surveys state-of-the-art STM experiments aiming for an investigation of surface properties of oxide materials as well as their interaction with individual adatoms, molecules and metal particles. It provides an introduction into the nucleation and growth of oxide layers on single-crystalline metal substrates, putting special emphasis on the various relaxation mechanisms of the oxide lattice to release the misfit strain with the support. Additionally, the peculiarities of polar oxide films are discussed. In the second part, the different interaction schemes between oxide surfaces and adsorbates are presented from the theoretical point of view as well as on the basis of the key experiment performed with the STM. The focus lies hereby on charge-mediated binding schemes, leading to the formation of cationic or anionic species on the oxide surface. Furthermore, the role of point and </span>line defects in the oxide </span>adsorption behavior is inferred. The potential of thin oxide films as systems with tunable physical and chemical properties is highlighted at the end of this review.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":434,"journal":{"name":"Surface Science Reports","volume":"64 12","pages":"Pages 595-659"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.surfrep.2009.07.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2008148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}