{"title":"Integrated Intelligent Sensing System with WO3/CNTs Sensor for On-Site Gas Detection","authors":"Mingyang Gao, Wen Zhang, Jun Guo, Licun Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138886","url":null,"abstract":"Gas sensors integrated with intelligent systems are of great importance for real-time environmental monitoring and personal exposure assessment. In particular, nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), a toxic byproduct of combustion and industrial processes, poses severe risks to human health even at trace levels, highlighting the urgent need for sensitive and portable monitoring technologies. Here, we present a tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-based flexible sensor coupled with an Integrated Intelligent Sensing System (IISS) capable of on-site NO<sub>2</sub> detection, signal processing, and wireless mobile display. The optimized WO<sub>3</sub>/CNTs sensor exhibits outstanding sensing performance, delivering a high response of 425.1% toward 1 ppm NO<sub>2</sub>. Distinctively, by integrating the sensor into the IISS platform, real-time NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations can be acquired, processed, and displayed on a mobile device, enabling direct and user-friendly exposure monitoring. These results highlight the novelty of combining a high-performance WO<sub>3</sub>/CNTs sensor with a miniaturized IISS, offering a practical strategy for intelligent, wearable, and portable gas detection applications.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SpyTag/SpyCatcher-based Self-Assembly Multivalent Anti-idiotypic Nanobody Mediated Environmentally Friendly Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Mycotoxin Zearalenone","authors":"Yuanzhen Guo, Chong Cai, Xinyu Xu, Xiao Wu, Minwen Sun, Tailong Wei, Yujie Shi, Yubin Liu, Zhui Tu, Yanping Li, Qinghua He","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138885","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-idiotypic nanobodies (AIdnbs) are attractive as biosynthetic surrogate antigens due to their batch consistency, high tolerance and eco-friendly production. However, monomeric AIdnbs suffer from low immobilization efficiency and weak signal response on nitrocellulose filter (NC) membranes in lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). To address this, we developed a self-assembly multivalent AIdnb system using the zearalenone (ZEN)-specific AIdnb Z6 as a model. We fused SpyTag or SpyCatcher to Z6 via flexible (GS) or semi-rigid (EK) linkers, then assembled bivalent Z6 through SpyTag/SpyCatcher and heptavalent Z6 via SpyTagged IMX313 scaffolds. EK-linked Z6-fusions consistently exhibited superior activity compared with GS-linked fusions due to the superior conformation for antibody binding of EK-linked variants. Adsorption kinetics and LFIA detection demonstrated the superior NC membranes’ immobilization efficiency and analytical performance of multivalent Z6 to monovalent Z6. The EK-linked bivalent Z6 demonstrated optimal performance in time-resolved microspheres-based LFIA, achieving a detection limit of 32.44<!-- --> <!-- -->pg/mL for ZEN in 15<!-- --> <!-- -->minutes, which is 4.7-fold lower than monovalent formats, along with a 4.5-fold broader detection range. Notably, this detection sensitivity surpassed conventional chemically synthesized antigens, achieving a 2.5-fold improvement. Furthermore, Maize, wheat and oat were tested as real samples, detection limits were 1.31–1.94<!-- --> <!-- -->µg/kg for the bivalent Z6-based LFIA, and 1.62–2.12<!-- --> <!-- -->µg/kg for heptavalent Z6-based LFIA. This study establishes a generalizable strategy for engineering high-performance multivalent biosynthetic antigens, enabling sensitive, eco-friendly LFIA for small-molecule detection.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinghui Yu, Wenyang Shi, Junyan Hou, Kairui Zhai, Yang Xu, Jie Zhao, Xiaodong Lin
{"title":"A prolong glow-type chemiluminescence platform for sensitive detection and photothermal inactivation of Escherichia coli","authors":"Xinghui Yu, Wenyang Shi, Junyan Hou, Kairui Zhai, Yang Xu, Jie Zhao, Xiaodong Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138888","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, especially in abdominal and urinary tract sites, posing serious risks for patients’ post-kidney transplantation. Rapid and precise detection of <em>E. coli</em> is critical to prevent complications such as bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, and infectious shock. Here, we present a prolong glow-type chemiluminescence (CL)-based bacterial metabolism platform that achieves both sensitive detection and effective photothermal inactivation of <em>E. coli</em> based on multifunctional nanomaterials. This platform leverages the metabolic activity of <em>E. coli</em> to trigger a CL signal without the need for external excitation sources, facilitating low-cost and highly sensitive detection with a limit of detection as low as 1 CFU/mL. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were functionalized with <em>E. coil</em>-specific antibodies, allowing for precise pathogen capture and magnetic separation, ensuring robust sample preparation. After detection, near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation enabled the Cu<sub>2-X</sub>SeNPs to generate localized heat, effectively inactivating <em>E. coli</em> cells with an antibacterial efficiency of up to 99.18%. This multifunctional platform integrates rapid detection and sterilization, demonstrating significant potential for clinical applications in infection management, especially in post-transplant care.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Miliutina, Elena Stepanova, Alina Gorbunova, Yuliia Viktosenko, Denis Vasilev, David Mares, Anastasiia Skvortsova, Vasilii Burtsev, Zdenka Kolska, Václav Švorčík, Pavel Postnikov, Oleksiy Lyutakov
{"title":"Local and Express Probing of Enzymatic Activity Using Functional Plasmon Active Optical Fiber","authors":"Elena Miliutina, Elena Stepanova, Alina Gorbunova, Yuliia Viktosenko, Denis Vasilev, David Mares, Anastasiia Skvortsova, Vasilii Burtsev, Zdenka Kolska, Václav Švorčík, Pavel Postnikov, Oleksiy Lyutakov","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138872","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes are very essential part of living organisms and are also actively used by humanity in various technological processes. The activity of enzymes, especially those isolated from microorganisms, can vary significantly from one to another source. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for express and the least invasive detection of enzymatic activity. In this work, we propose a biochemical sensor of enzymatic activity created on the basis of a plasmon-active optical fiber probe covalently functionalized with an enzyme-sensitive organic molecules, immersed in the solution, containing (or not) β-glucosidase at various experimental conditions. In the presence of enzyme, the grafted to plasmon-active surface organic moieties undergo cleavage of C-O bond leading to a change in the local environment of the optical fiber probe and to a shift in the spectral position plasmon absorption band, monitored in the back-reflected light. The functionality of the created optical fiber probe was tested at various experimental conditions, including the variation of the external temperature or pH, and results obtained correspond well with results of traditional biochemical tests. It is possible to determine the presence of the enzyme, estimate its concentration, and suppress its activity under unfavourable experimental conditions. The proposed approach allows in site enzyme detection and cheap and express analysis, with minimal disruption of enzymatic systems.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wimala Karintrithip, Patanachai K. Limpikirati, Richard W. Vachet, Nithiwach Nawaukkaratharnant, Rungroj Chanajaree, Jaran Jainhuknan, Jutiporn Yukird, Nadnudda Rodthongkum
{"title":"AuNPs/MXene Nanocomposite-Based Dual Detection of Cysteine: Colorimetric Sensor and \"Coffee Ring\" Augmented LDI-MS for Alzheimer's Screening","authors":"Wimala Karintrithip, Patanachai K. Limpikirati, Richard W. Vachet, Nithiwach Nawaukkaratharnant, Rungroj Chanajaree, Jaran Jainhuknan, Jutiporn Yukird, Nadnudda Rodthongkum","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138884","url":null,"abstract":"We report the synthesis and application of a novel gold nanoparticle/MXene (AuNPs/MXene) nanocomposite engineered as a dual-signal platform for the sensitive and selective detection of cysteine, a key biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. This nanocomposite functions as (1) a potent signal amplification in a pyrocatechol violet/copper sulfate (PV/CuSO₄) colorimetric assay for rapid visual screening, and (2) a high-performance matrix for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) enabling precise quantification. The nanocomposite concentrates cysteine during solvent evaporation, significantly enhancing colorimetric intensity. For LDI-MS, the synergistic combination of AuNPs' high affinity for thiol groups and MXene's multi-layered structure facilitates exceptional cysteine enrichment, selectivity against common urinary interferents, and high ionization efficiency, resulting in markedly increased ion abundance (m/z 120.02) compared to conventional matrices. The inherent selectivity of AuNPs/MXene minimizes low-mass matrix interferences (<500<!-- --> <!-- -->Da), while the coffee-ring effect ensures high spot-to-spot reproducibility. This integrated dual-mode approach achieves direct detection of cysteine in human urine within the clinically relevant range for Alzheimer's disease screening (≥0.25<!-- --> <!-- -->g<!-- --> <!-- -->L⁻¹), demonstrating high sensitivity and selectivity. Crucially, we demonstrate the platform's practicality by achieving selective cysteine detection on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) integrated within a diaper, establishing a significant step towards wearable, non-invasive diagnostic tools for convenient, real-time disease monitoring.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yujin Kim, Joo Hyung Lee, Jong Heon Kim, Ran-Hee Shin, Jae Hwa Park, Ali Mirzaei, Sang Sub Kim, Jae-Hun Kim
{"title":"Ultrasensitive and selective CuO/GaN co-decorated SnO2 nanowire gas sensor with ppb-level detection of H2S gas","authors":"Yujin Kim, Joo Hyung Lee, Jong Heon Kim, Ran-Hee Shin, Jae Hwa Park, Ali Mirzaei, Sang Sub Kim, Jae-Hun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138879","url":null,"abstract":"H<sub>2</sub>S gas, which has a highly unpleasant odor, is highly toxic, flammable, and corrosive; hence, development of reliable, highly selective ppb-level sensitive H<sub>2</sub>S gas sensors is vital. Herein, we obtained SnO<sub>2</sub> nanowires (NWs) through a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism and GaN nanoparticles (NPs) were decorated on them. Subsequently, CuO NPs were decorated on the GaN-decorated SnO<sub>2</sub> NWs. Various characterization methods confirmed the formation of crystalline materials with NW morphology and the uniform dispersion of CuO and GaN NPs on SnO<sub>2</sub> NWs with the desired chemical composition. A bare SnO<sub>2</sub> NW gas sensor yielded a low response of 1.35 to 10 ppm H<sub>2</sub>S at 300°C, whereas after GaN and CuO/GaN co-decoration on SnO<sub>2</sub> NWs, the responses increased to 37 and 7268, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal gas sensor yielded excellent repeatability, selectivity, and long-term stability. The enhanced output was stemmed from the transformation of CuO to CuS with high metallic conductance, the interface junctions formed between GaN and SnO₂, and CuO and SnO₂, which affect charge transport, and the availability of numerous abundant reaction sites attributed to the nanowire-based structural configuration.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Mode Sweat Urea Sensor based on Ti3C2Tx MXene/CuO nanocomposite: Colorimetric-Electrochemical Detection Optimized by Machine Learning and Genetic Algorithms","authors":"Thidarut Laochai, Hirotomo Nishihara, Jiaqian Qin, Manunya Okhawilai, Joseph Wang, Nadnudda Rodthongkum, Wiwittawin Sukmas","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138882","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a high-performance dual-mode wearable sensor for real-time, non-invasive sweat urea monitoring, integrating Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene/CuO nanocomposites with machine learning and genetic algorithm (ML-GA) optimization. The sensor combines two complementary modalities: (1) a urease-based colorimetric assay on nanocomposite-modified cotton for semi-quantitative detection (10–80<!-- --> <!-- -->mM, R² = 0.9855), and (2) a non-enzymatic electrochemical system using Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene/CuO/PEDOT:PSS-modified electrodes for precise quantification (0.5–60<!-- --> <!-- -->mM, R² = 0.9706). The nanocomposite’s high surface area, conductivity, and catalytic activity enhance both sensing mechanisms, supported by DFT calculations showing strong interfacial interactions and urea adsorption. An ML framework evaluated >20 regression models, identifying Random Forest Regression as most accurate (R² = 0.9650 for colorimetric; 0.8900 for electrochemical). GA optimization fine-tuned material ratios and parameters. On-body validation showed strong sweat-to-blood urea correlation (p < 0.01), confirming clinical relevance. This ML-GA-enhanced dual-mode sensor offers a reliable, user-friendly tool for personalized health monitoring and early renal disorder detection.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengmeng Liu, Qingqiang Cui, Fangfei Liu, Lina Wang, Ming Chen, Shuang Li
{"title":"Soft and wrap-like nanofibers@plasmonic SERS sensors for high-fidelity visualized Raman imaging of micro-curved targets","authors":"Mengmeng Liu, Qingqiang Cui, Fangfei Liu, Lina Wang, Ming Chen, Shuang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138874","url":null,"abstract":"As for surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS), a challenge is how to achieve conformally attachable substrates that can get close enough to micro-curved samples, promoting Raman imaging of specific targets. Herein, we propose a simple yet efficient approach to produce soft and wrap-like SERS sensors by anisotropic <em>in-site</em> overgrowth of 2D plasmonic Ag nanosheets (NSs) on 1D bacterial nanocelluloses (BNCs). The optimal BNCs@Ag NSs with exhibit broadband and high SERS activities under broadened laser wavelengths, facilitating the limit of detection (LOD) at ~10<sup>-15<!-- --> </sup>M femtomole level. Besides, the excellent spatial SERS uniformity with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 5.1% throughout whole platform is also confirmed here. By virtue of the fibrous scaffolds, the free-standing flexible BNCs@Ag NSs films at dry state can be very easily softened into adhesive membranes after appropriately wetting process. It endows BNCs@Ag NSs with conformal adaptability and distinctive adhesive fixation on microscopic curvilinear surfaces of arbitrary-shaped targets, enabling them to fully wrap and intimately capture 3D polystyrene (PS) microspheres. Notably, the smart SERS sensors are capable of high-fidelity Raman imaging of individual or multiple-isolated PS microspheres, demonstrating robust and precise SERS visualization of micro-curved samples. So, the exceptional double-merits are then highlighted: 1) affording a complementary feature to the field of routine flexible SERS substrates that are impossible or difficult to conformally contact or firmly integrate with micro-warped targets; 2) compensating the inherent deficiency of colloidal nanoparticles used in quantitative SERS visualization that suffer from the ubiquitous aggregation-induced poor spatial SERS uniformity on complex curvy objects.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SAW humidity sensor with oleic acid-modified SiO2 microsphere-supported GO film and acoustic wave driving optimization: Rapid response and low hysteresis","authors":"AoBei Chen, Ge Gao, Dapeng Li, Dezhi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138889","url":null,"abstract":"Surface acoustic wave (SAW) humidity sensors have found successful applications in meteorological monitoring, respiratory diagnostics, and industrial process control. However, achieving both rapid response and low hysteresis while maintaining high sensitivity remains a significant challenge. To address this issue, we propose a novel SAW humidity sensor based on a three-dimensional (3D) composite film, where graphene oxide (GO) is supported by oleic acid (OA)-modified SiO<sub>2</sub> microspheres (SiO<sub>2</sub>@OA/GO) to enhance water molecule transport while maintaining acoustic compatibility with the substrate. Furthermore, the intrinsic self-excited vibrations of the SAW device are harnessed to actively accelerate the adsorption and desorption of water molecules. Experimental results demonstrate that the SiO<sub>2</sub>@OA/GO-based sensor exhibits significantly improved performance, achieving a response/recovery time of 2.6/1.2<!-- --> <!-- -->s and a hysteresis of 2.7% relative humidity (RH) under 0<!-- --> <!-- -->dBm driving power. When driven at the optimal power of 20<!-- --> <!-- -->dBm, the response/recovery time is further reduced to 1.3/0.7<!-- --> <!-- -->s, the hysteresis decreases to 1.1% RH, and the quality factor increases to 2299. The sensor also shows good long-term stability and is successfully applied in real-time respiratory monitoring. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating material engineering with SAW excitation, providing a viable route toward efficient humidity sensing.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Performance Organic Field-effect Transistor and H2S Sensors Based on Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole Derivatives with Contorted Configuration","authors":"Jia Hao, Zhanbo Cao, Guanyu Qiao, Ziqiang Hu, Qinghua Pan, Qingfang Ma, Chaowei Hao, Jianhua Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138887","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the effects of molecular configuration and noncovalent bonding forces on the properties of organic field-effect transistors (OFET) and sensors, two novel indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ) derivatives 6,12-bis(benzo[b]furan-2-yl)-indolecarbazole (ICZ-BF) and 6,12-bis(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-indolecarbazole (ICZ-BT) with contorted configuration were synthesized and characterized. The simulation calculation indicates that the introduction of hydrogen bonds is beneficial for reducing the distortion of molecular configuration and enhancing the binding energy with the detected H<sub>2</sub>S molecule. The single crystal XRD further reveals that the weak noncovalent bonding forces such as intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds as well as π-π stacking can effectively alter the molecular configuration and aggregation state. The OFET based on ICZ derivative was prepared and the mobility of ICZ-BF was 0.0294 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>−1</sup>s<sup>−1</sup>, while no FET performance was observed for ICZ-BT. The OFET based on ICZ-BF were further used as gas sensor to detect H<sub>2</sub>S and exhibited excellent sensing response and selectivity with the drain current change rate of 5.4% and the relative sensitivity (RS) of 540% ppm<sup>-1</sup> when the gas concentration lower to 10 ppb level.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}