Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical最新文献

{"title":"Plasticized PVC/CNT Flexible Electrodes for Highly Responsive, Stable, and Durable Soft Actuators and Wearable Sensors","authors":"Yi Li, Ziqian Zhang, Hangzhong Zhu, Jiaxing Sun, Mingfei Guo, Xi Zeng, Yanbiao Li, Minoru Hashimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138894","url":null,"abstract":"Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels have shown increasing potential for developing integrated actuation and sensing devices in soft robotics and wearable electronics. Notably, the flexible electrodes in PVC gel-based devices are crucial to their overall performance. However, traditional carbon grease electrodes substantially limit the functionality and stability of such devices, primarily due to their uneven distribution and inherent durability. To address these limitations, we propose a novel PVC/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) gel electrode (GE) for constructing dual-mode actuation-sensing devices with high performance and stability. We investigated the effects of three representative fillers-carbon black, graphene, and CNTs on the formation of molecular networks of the gel. Owing to its intrinsic one-dimensional geometry, CNTs facilitate the formation of a 3D percolating network, enabling PVC/CNTs GE (PCGE) to achieve an unprecedented charge carrier density of 3.31×10¹⁷ cm⁻³. The PCGE demonstrates a high electrical conductivity of 79.9 mS/cm (4.2 times higher than carbon grease), an ultralow 30-day impedance growth rate of 8.4% (a 70-fold reduction), and a minimal 10,000-cycle drift of 1.25%(a 51-fold improvement), surpassing carbon grease in both conductivity and durability for flexible electronic applications. The PCGE-based bending actuators exhibited remarkable performance (182° at 3<!-- --> <!-- -->V/μm) and a fast response (2<!-- --> <!-- -->Hz). Moreover, the PCGE-based sensors achieved high sensitivity (GF&gt;35), precise resolution (0.06%), and ideal dynamic response (0.5-4<!-- --> <!-- -->Hz), addressing the durability limitations of carbon grease. Additionally, the actuators achieve biomimetic applications in robotics, demonstrating their potential as artificial muscles. In contrast, the sensors enable motion tracking, showcasing broad applicability in intelligent sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Detection of SF6 Decomposition CO and OCS in Overlapping Absorption Bands Using a Nonlinear Inversion Algorithm","authors":"Yalan Luo, Lei Li, Zhechen Fan, Mingyang Feng, Pengbo Chen, Mu Liang, Yingying Qiao, Chongxin Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138907","url":null,"abstract":"Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has emerged as a crucial methodology for detecting sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) decomposition by-products in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) equipment. This study demonstrates a highly sensitive PAS detection system for simultaneous quantification of trace carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and carbon monoxide (CO) in SF₆, featuring an interband cascade laser (ICL) emitting at 4823<!-- --> <!-- -->nm and an H-type differential resonant photoacoustic cell designed to suppress noise. To resolve spectral cross-interference, a nonlinear inversion algorithm is developed, effectively reducing the inversion error compared with the linear superposition method. Experimental results show that the mean absolute relative errors (MAREs) for OCS and CO are 0.571% and 1.196%, with the minimum detection limits (MDLs) of 6.34 ppb and 41.09 ppb, and measurement accuracies of 99.58% and 99.5%, respectively. This work establishes a robust framework for simultaneous and anti-interference monitoring of multiple SF₆ decomposition by-products, addressing a critical need in GIS fault diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An electrochemical probe for the ultrasensitive detection of long non-coding RNA biomarkers","authors":"Yi-Ting Lin, Chinnathambi Nandhini, Ao-Ho Hsieh, Chang-Fu Kuo, Magdaleno R. Vasquez, Ruri Agung Wahyuono, Chi-Hsien Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138905","url":null,"abstract":"Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are cutting-edge genome sequences of non-coding RNA that have emerged as key gene expression regulators. Homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is an lncRNA diagnostic biomarker that directly affects apoptosis regulation and is associated with malignant cancer. Therefore, HOTAIR ultrasensitive detection is vastly crucial. In this study, we constructed a robust biosensor based on an Au-crumpled graphene/polystyrene (PS) substrate for sensing HOTAIR. High-quality chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene was attached to the PS substrate, and heated crumpled graphene was formed through physical stacking forces. Subsequently, the gold was uniformly coated using the thermal evaporation method to enhance sensitivity, and the specimen was treated with a low-damage plasma treatment to induce active oxygen functionalization at the surface. The single-stranded DNA probe was then immobilized to the modified electrode, and the device was characterized. A linear working in the range of 1 fM–100 pM was determined with an ultralow detection limit of 149 aM. The biosensor detects HOTAIR selectively in the presence of base-mismatched sequences, and its suitability for human serum analysis was assessed. Thus, this system could be used to monitor HOTAIR as a diagnostic biomarker to detect early cancer and assess disease progression.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanozyme-mediated multi-mode cascaded visual lateral flow assay platform of enrofloxacin based on truncated aptamer and one-pot isothermal amplification","authors":"Peifang Chen, Mingwei Qin, Yu Li, Xiaodong Lu, Shuo Qi, Junsong Yang, Zhouping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138904","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread use of enrofloxacin (ENR) in livestock farming raises serious concerns for human health due to its persistent residues in food. Thus, this study innovatively developed a cascade-amplified \"turn-on\" lateral flow assay (LFA) for the highly sensitive and visual detection of ENR. The high-affinity truncated aptamer (E22), initially obtained through molecular docking simulation, as the recognition element. By combining one-pot rolling circle amplification (RCA) and restriction endonuclease, the generated single-stranded DNA were captured by functionalized gold-platinum nano-urchin probes (APNCs-PolyA-DP). Based on the generated initial colorimetric (CM) signal, the CM-LFA enabled quantitative detection of ENR in the range of 0.1-1000<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL, with a visual detection limit (vLOD) of 0.1<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL. Then, the peroxidase-like activity of APNCs catalyzed the TMB chromogenic reaction to produce enhanced colorimetric (EC) signals. Furthermore, the synergistic near-infrared photothermal (PT) properties of the oxidation product (oxTMB) and APNCs were utilized to construct a specific temperature mode. By leveraging the dual properties of oxTMB, the EC-LFA and PT-LFA achieved a wider linear range (0.01-1000<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL) and an ultralow vLOD of 0.01<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL, showing a 10-fold improvement over the CM-LFA. The application of the LFA to milk samples yielded overall recovery rates, ranging from 93.9% to 105.1%. Thus, this approach provides robust technical support for point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms and shows broad application prospects in food safety monitoring.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Propofol Detection in Postoperative Patient Whole Blood Samples","authors":"Jihong Jiang, Yi Wu, Xiaoyu Shang, Meiru Jiang, Liping Zhu, Dongmei Hong, Enduo Feng, Guanghui An","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138877","url":null,"abstract":"Propofol remains the first sedative choice due to its rapid onset and short distribution half-life. However, the narrow therapeutic window and pronounced inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability pose challenges in achieving appropriate sedation levels in diverse patients, calling for rapid and accurate quantification of propofol for its clinical safety. In this work, a sensitive and rapid surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform based on vertically aligned Au nanorods array with enhancement factor &gt;10⁷ was fabricated for directly propofol detection in unprocessed postoperative blood samples. Achieving by rapid and selective derivatization of propofol with 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (DCQ) in alkaline conditions, the SERS platform presented excellent selectivity resulted by a strong 1278<!-- --> <!-- -->cm^-1 peak of indophenol. This assay displayed a linear response from 1<!-- --> <!-- -->ng<!-- --> <!-- -->mL^-1 to 20<!-- --> <!-- -->µg<!-- --> <!-- -->mL^-1 with a limit of detection of 0.38<!-- --> <!-- -->ng<!-- --> <!-- -->mL^-1 in 2<!-- --> <!-- -->min for each sample. Both the artificial simulated serum and clinical postoperative blood samples testing demonstrated excellent quantification performance of as-prepared SERS platform. Significantly, Comparative analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed a Deming slope of 0.95, confirming analytical interchangeability. Moreover, A subsequent cohort of 32 patients demonstrated a robust inverse correlation between SERS-derived propofol levels and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale scores (Spearman ρ=-0.80, p&lt;0.0001), a single threshold of 1.17<!-- --> <!-- -->µg<!-- --> <!-- -->mL^-1 predicted moderate sedation to deep sedation with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This work furnishes the first clinically validated, reagent less-cleanup SERS assay for intravenous anesthetic monitoring, offering a generic blueprint for real-time therapeutic-drug management in critical care.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-role boron and oxidized phosphorus in collectively constructing the signal-amplified bio-carbon electroanalysis platforms for simultaneous recognition of sulfite and nitrite in aquaculture","authors":"Yifeng Shen, Kunquan Li, Yan Xue, Chengjie Ma, Junao Cheng, Shengsheng Miao, Dilli Ram Acharya","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138906","url":null,"abstract":"Developing the signal-amplified yet low-cost electrochemical analysis platforms for determination of sulfite and nitrite in aquaculture water is still a challenging but significant task. Herein, an attractive boron and phosphorus co-modified bio-carbon (BP-bioC) sensitive material synthesized via ultrasonic impregnation with cotton stalk and boric acid/phosphorus acid and followed pyrolysis is reported for simultaneously discriminating sulfite and nitrite through differential-pulse-mode voltammetric signals. The physico-chemical characterizations and electrochemical characterizations suggest that under optimized mass ratio of H₃BO₃/H₃PO₄ (0.2), the resultant BP-0.2-bioC possesses the faster electron-transfer kinetics and lower impedance as compared to the pristine phosphorus-modified bio-carbon (P-bioC), which is profited from the critically metallic-role boron (C₃B). Also, the higher electrocatalytic activity is observed thanks to non-metallic role of boron (C₂BO/CBO₂) which promotes more electroactive oxidized phosphorus (C₃P=O) configurations by phosphorus-boron Frustrated Lewis Pairs, in turn generating the unique phosphorus-frustrated-boron active site pairs (C₃B-C₃P=O). More strikingly, the evolution of wettability in the presence of boron ensures the availability of electroactive site pairs during electrochemical sensing process. These combined advantages impart the electrochemical sensing platforms (BP-0.2-bioC/ESPs) the enhanced electroanalytical properties towards sulfite and nitrite with limit of detection (LOD) low to 34.71<!-- --> <!-- -->μM and 2.10<!-- --> <!-- -->μM, respectively, which enable to compare favorably with certain metal-based sensing platforms reported. DFT calculations conclude that the combined active pairs of C₃P=O and C₃B show the best electrocatalytic activity towards sulfite and nitrite, respectively. This contribution provides guidance for deliberately devising ultrasensitive bio-carbon based electroanalysis platforms concerned sulfite and nitrite in aquaculture waterbodies or related aquacultural products.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of bimetallic PtAu nanoraspberries as novel labels in lateral flow immunoassays: application for a chronic wound biomarker detection","authors":"David Valero-Calvo, Jose Francisco Bergua-Canudo, Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138903","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are widely used point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools due to their rapid response and ease of naked-eye detection. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are commonly employed for colorimetric readout. However, these AuNP-based systems suffer from a relatively low sensitivity, which limits their application for the detection of low-abundance biomarkers. In this study, we propose the use of bimetallic platinum-gold (PtAu) nanoraspberries (NRs), consisting of a platinum shell surrounded by gold protuberances, as novel detection tags in LFIAs. The PtAu NRs surface morphology allows to enhance the nanoparticle:antibody conjugation ratio and to minimize unspecific absorptions, compared to that of the traditional AuNPs. Moreover, the intense purple coloration of the PtAu NRs provides superior visual contrast against the white background of lateral flow strips. All these features lead to improved performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity compared to the use of AuNPs. We also demonstrate the application of the PtAu NRs in an LFIA platform for the detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key biomarker of chronic wound infection, at clinically relevant levels in artificial wound exudates with also high selectivity versus potential interferents. In addition, semi-quantitative analysis using a smartphone and ImageJ software showed a linear correlation between the normalized color intensity and the logarithm of MPO concentrations over the 50–5000<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL range, achieving an estimated limit of detection of 1.8<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL. These findings highlight the potential of PtAu NRs to improve LFIA performance and lay the groundwork for their use in multiplexed POC diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced VOCs and Humidity Detection via DTP-Regulated and Surface-Modified Tapered Seven-Core Fiber Sensors","authors":"Wanlai Zhu, Guorui Zhou, Zao Yi, Hui You, Dongying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138902","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber optic sensors exhibit unique advantages in environmental monitoring and biomedicine, yet conventional designs face limitations in detection limits and sensitivity. To overcome these challenges, a tapered seven core fiber (SCF) sensing system based on dispersion turning point (DTP) modulation and surface modification enhancement is innovatively proposed in this work. The wavelength sensitivity near the DTP approaches infinity, and the DTP can also serve as an intrinsic self-referencing point during sensing. In humidity (1-92%RH) sensing, the bare fiber achieved a wavelength sensitivity of 0.2025<!-- --> <!-- -->nm/%RH and an intensity sensitivity of 0.086<!-- --> <!-- -->dB/%RH near the DTP. In volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection, silica sol-gel surface modification amplified the response to polar molecules by 2-4 times, enabling ppb-level pollutant sensing. Specifically, the maximum wavelength sensitivity for ethyl acetate exceeded 1094.2<!-- --> <!-- -->pm/ppm. This study provides a novel integrated solution for the detection of low-concentration VOCs, offering broad application prospects.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive TDLAS gas sensor based on a dual-curvature Herriott-type multi-pass gas cell","authors":"Haiyong Chen, Xiaolu Ma, Mengchao Yan, Hongjun Ren, Hua-Yao Li, Yuheng Wu, Zishuo Xiao, Xinjie Zheng, Qingyong Yang, Fukang Ding, Huan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138892","url":null,"abstract":"Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensors are highly suitable for rapid and accurate gas detection. The challenge for the TDLAS gas sensors is to convert the interaction between light and gas into a sensitive sensor signal within a confined space. One effective method to address this challenge has come primarily from the design of miniaturized multi-pass gas cells (MPGCs) to extend effective optical path length (EOPL). In the conventional Herriott-type MPGC design, the utilization rate of the mirror surface and the integrity of the light spot are both limited due to the use of a single-curvature mirror. Here, we propose a dual-curvature mirror design strategy for the Herriott-type MPGCs, featuring a unique three-concentric-circle spot pattern. The ray-tracing simulations were conducted based on an optical transmission model that quantitatively relates mirror spacing, incident beam parameters, and the resulting spot distribution. The optimal MPGC prototype exhibited an EOPL of 32.05<!-- --> <!-- -->m within a volume of 155.13<!-- --> <!-- -->mL, thereby achieving a high ratio of optical path length to volume of 20.66<!-- --> <!-- -->cm⁻². Through a combination of wavelength modulation spectroscopy, we have developed a methane TDLAS gas sensor with a detection limit as low as 33.78 ppb. The dual-curvature Herriott-type MPGCs offer a new degree of freedom for the miniaturization of highly sensitive TDLAS gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial-targeted type I/II self-reporting photosensitizer with viscosity-sensitive properties for tumor recognition and apoptosis induction","authors":"Pengcheng Yin, Zhiyang An, Jie Han, Rubo Zhang, Jing Jing, Xiaoling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138846","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a dynamic correlation between photodynamic therapy (PDT) processes and changes in mitochondrial viscosity is of significant research value for advancing the development of theranostics technologies for tumors. Nevertheless, research on constructing mitochondrial viscosity-sensitive probes at the single-molecule scale that simultaneously possess high type I/II PDT efficacy for tumors and the ability to visualize therapeutic effects remains lacking. In this work, we developed a novel D-π-A type organic small molecule photosensitizer (<strong>TKC)</strong>, constructed by substituting carbazole with tetraphenylethylene (TPE) as the electron-donating moiety (D) and employing indole iodide salt as the electron-accepting component (A). <strong>TKC</strong> is capable of performing highly sensitive and specific fluorescence imaging over a wide viscosity range (η, 1.005-1410<!-- --> <!-- -->cP), enabling real-time in situ imaging of intracellular mitochondrial viscosity as well as accurate differentiation between normal and cancer cells. Furthermore, <strong>TKC</strong> exhibits efficient type I/II ROS generation capabilities, with a ¹O₂ quantum yield of 3.56, while achieving efficient phototoxicity to tumor cells and inhibition of tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. More importantly, <strong>TKC</strong> can monitor the mitochondrial depolarization process and the dynamic changes of mitochondrial viscosity during the process of apoptosis, enabling real-time tracking and self-reporting of treatment effects. Therefore, the fluorescent probe developed in this work, which integrates precise tumor diagnosis, mitochondrial-targeted therapy and dynamic efficacy evaluation, offers an effective strategy for the subsequent advancement of integrated diagnostic and therapeutic fluorescent tools.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}