Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical最新文献

{"title":"Biodegradable Small-molecule-directed self-assembling nanoparticle with nanocapsule shape for tumor targeted NIR-II Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal/NO Combination Therapy","authors":"Jun Liu, Hongyu Chen, Zechao Zhu, Caiqiong Zhu, Jiang Liu, Ligang Xu, Huajun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137997","url":null,"abstract":"Phototheranostics has recently gained attention as a promising strategy for integrating tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we developed a biodegradable phototheranostic nanoplatform based on two donor (D)-π-acceptor (A) molecules, JRD1 and BAH13. They were co-assembled with DSPEG-PEG2000 to form nanoparticules with distinct morphologies: JR NPs, characterized by their strip-like structure, and BA NPs, which displayed a spherical microstructure. Both nanoparticle types exhibited excellent photothermal properties and oxidative degradability. JR NPs exhibited significant near-infrared (NIR) II fluorescence signals, while the BA NPs were more effective for photoacoustic imaging (PAI). However neither JR NPs or BA NPs alone achieved the desired imaging effect through NIR II fluorescence imaging or PAI for targeting tumor. To enhance phototheranostic performance, JRD1, BAH13, and NO donors were co-assembled with DSPE-PEG2000 yielding JR/BA/NO NPs with a nanocapsule-like microstructure, which provided strong NIR II fluorescence and PAI signals while simultaneously generating NO upon photothermal activation. In vivo imaging revealed that, JR/BA/NO NPs offered superior tumor-targeting capabilities and more precise imaging compared to JR NPs and BA NPs. Additionally, the combined photothermal and NO-releasing properties of JR/BA/NO NPs demonstrated exceptional therapeutic efficacy in tumor treatment. This study presents a novel approach to optimize the performance for phototheranostics.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"77 1","pages":"137997"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved electrochemical biosensing device architecture with ultra-thin and surface-modified dielectric stacking structure","authors":"Qiuzhe Xie ,&nbsp;Guan-Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Chia-Fen Chu ,&nbsp;Chih-Ting Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical capacitive sensors typically employ a planar electrode (PE) design on a dielectric substrate to evaluate target-induced changes in electrical double-layer (EDL) capacitance. However, as functional substrate areas shrink down to the nanoscale, sensor performance becomes highly sensitive to subtle variations in electrode shape and spacing. These present significant challenges for mass production. To address these issues, we introduce microwell array (MWA) capacitive sensors, which replace the conventional planar layout with a vertically stacked electrode design. This architecture preserves the benefits of nanoscale PE sensors while shifting the fabrication complexity of the sensing area from nanolithography to a more scalable chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. To evaluate the performance compared to conventional PE-based sensors, we demonstrate biosensing application with the proposed MWA capacitive sensors. In brief, we develop a fabrication process that achieves ultra-thin dielectric layers of 240 nm and 60 nm between MWA electrodes, with fabrication reliability rates of 89.29 % and 50.71 %, respectively. Moreover, simulations reveal that the asymmetric electrode geometry of MWA sensors enhances near-surface current compared to PE sensors. We experimentally show that this effect becomes more pronounced as the dielectric layer thickness decreases. Finally, we also demonstrate that the lateral substrate of MWA sensors supports stable functionalization with an AEAPTES-biotin layer, as confirmed by surface potential measurements. Leveraging these technical advancements, the MWA sensor achieves Avidin and Streptavidin detection limit as 120 fM and 1.76 pM, respectively. These results underscore the potential of the proposed MWA capacitive sensors, demonstrating their superiority over conventional PE sensors for advanced biosensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"441 ","pages":"Article 137993"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design of hierarchical ZnFe2O4/Ti3C2Tx MXene composites through glycerol-assisted self-assembly toward rapid and selective ppb-level NO2 detection","authors":"Zhiguang Pan, Hao Huang, Jing Wang, Yangyang Huo, Limin Qiu, Tianqi Wang, Hui Yu, Xiangting Dong, Xiaojing Bai, Dan Zhao, Ying Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137996","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring advanced composites based on spinel-type metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) to detect NO₂ is important for their commercialization and development. Therefore, we designed and prepared novel ZnFe₂O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene composites under glycerol assistance, which is the first method to directly grow ZnFe₂O₄ in situ on the interlayer and layer surfaces of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene. The gas-sensing results show the ZnFe₂O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x-20 sensor has a response of 22.54 to 10 ppm NO₂ at 90 ℃, which is a 5.7-fold improvement than that of ZnFe₂O₄ sensor. The sensor also presents lowly actual/theoretical detection limit (300 and 10.31 ppb) and fast response/recovery speed. The excellent gas-sensing performance of ZnFe₂O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene composites are attributed to the presence of numerous heterostructures and the large surface areas of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and ZnFe₂O₄ providing a large number of active sites for gas adsorption. Meanwhile, the moderate introduction of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene optimizes the electrical conductivity and the abundance of surface functional groups of the composites. Therefore, the present work provides a feasible solution to use two-dimensional materials for modifying spinel-type MOS and improving their gas-sensing performance.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The parameter-feature-based transfer learning for mixed gas monitoring under small datasets","authors":"Xingyue Xia, Xingyu Chen, Junwei Zhuo, Xue Wang, Xiaoyan Peng, Pengcheng Wu, Jin Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137975","url":null,"abstract":"Gas monitoring is an important application in the field of gas sensor systems. Currently, gas monitoring methods primarily rely on processing large amounts of high-quality data using machine learning or deep learning algorithms. While this high quality and large quantity of data are sometimes hard to achieve due to the high costs associated with the data collection stage. To this end, a novel gas monitoring method developed for small datasets using parameter-feature-based transfer learning is proposed in this paper. First, a deep learning-based source model will be developed, which will use a large dataset that has undergone data augmentation for parameter training. Then, a parameter-feature transfer learning method will be used to transfer the model parameters to the target domain of the small dataset for mixed gas detection and recognition. Experiments were conducted on a convolutional neural network combined with a long and short-term memory network, and the results showed that the amount of data required was reduced by 96.5% and 76.1%, respectively, compared to the traditional experimental procedure. In addition, the developed model was able to achieve robust concentration prediction with accuracies of 96.3% and 99.6% in different gas monitoring tasks.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-responsive Golgi-targeting probe for the simultaneous fluorescence detection of SO2 and viscosity in food specimens and live cells","authors":"Ze-Yi Lian, Pan-Dong Mao, Kun-Sheng Jin, Wei-Na Wu, Lin-Yan Bian, Yuan Wang, Yun-Chang Fan, Zhi-Hong Xu, Tony D. James","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137933","url":null,"abstract":"The Golgi apparatus is responsible for regulating the transport of proteins. Research has revealed that an increase in viscosity and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) levels in the Golgi are associated with many diseases. Unfortunately, no probes currently exist to simultaneously measure variations in viscosity and SO₂ in the Golgi apparatus. With this research, we modified a coumarin-cyanoacetamide probe (<strong>1</strong>) with a sulfanilamide moiety for targeting the Golgi apparatus. Probe <strong>1</strong> could respond to viscosity increases by exhibiting fluorescence enhancements at 590<!-- --> <!-- -->nm due to the inhibition of intramolecular rotation. Moreover, the nucleophilic attack of the C=C bond by HSO₃⁻ resulted in creating a conjugate addition product that generated a blue emission band at 480<!-- --> <!-- -->nm. Significantly, this probe can identify HSO₃⁻ in real water samples and food specimens, as well as monitor HSO₃⁻ levels and changes of viscosity in the Golgi apparatus of plants, live cells, and zebrafish.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel muscarinic receptor-based cellular bioanalytical method for sensitive detection and differentiation of highly toxic organophosphorus compounds","authors":"Bo Ma, Zhi Li, Hua Xu, Jianfeng Wu, Yulong Liu, Lili Wang, Jianwei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137982","url":null,"abstract":"Highly toxic organophosphorus compounds (OPs), including pesticides and nerve agents, pose a significant threat to food security and public health. The emergence of novel nerve agents, Novichoks, coupled with artificial intelligence (AI)-driven rapid creation of potentially unknown toxic OPs, has created unprecedented challenges for detection and identification. Traditional methods have limitations for screening and identifying these emerging or unknown OPs, highlighting the urgent need for sensitive, high-throughput, and non-targeted screening strategies. Here, we developed a novel muscarinic receptor-based cellular bioanalytical method using recombinant U2OS cells expressing the M3 receptor and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1). Normally, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyzes acetylcholine (ACh), thus preventing ACh-induced EGFP-NFATc1 nuclear translocation in U2OS cells. However, when exposed to OPs, AChE activity is inhibited, leading to an accumulation of ACh that activates the M3 receptor and triggers a noticeable EGFP-NFATc1 nuclear translocation. This method achieves low detection limits: 30 pM for Novichok A230, A232, and venomous agent X (VX); 0.1<!-- --> <!-- -->nM for soman (GD) and A234; 0.3<!-- --> <!-- -->nM for tabun (GA) and sarin (GB); 1<!-- --> <!-- -->nM for paraoxon. It also offers multi-parameter cytological information post-OPs exposure, enabling the differentiation of various AChE inhibitors and exploration of novel toxicological pathways. Moreover, this method has been successfully applied to detect highly toxic OPs, such as VX and paraoxon, in spiked food matrices. This new method offers a reliable and efficient tool for the sensitive, high-throughput screening and identification of both known and unknown toxic substances with AChE inhibitory activity.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multipedal DNA walker with bidirectional walking mechanism for pesticide residue detection in food samples","authors":"Wei Li ,&nbsp;Shuaijing Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayue Li","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the detrimental effects of pesticide residues on human health and the ecological environment, it is crucial to sensitively and quantitatively detect these chemicals in food and environmental samples. This study presents a novel multipedal DNA walker that employs a bidirectional walking mechanism for detecting pesticide residues. The walking system is composed of four essential components: a lantern probe (LP) for target recognition, two ingeniously designed hairpin structures facilitating a hybridization chain reaction (HCR), and a spherical nucleic acid probe (SNP). When a specific pesticide residue is present, the HCR process leads to the assembly of an HCR thread, which functions as the walking orbit alongside the SNP. The walker operates by utilizing the SNP as the DNA orbit, enabling continuous and automated movement along the SNP, which is driven by Eb.BbvCI. This process results in the fluorescence signals emitted from the SNP. Conversely, when the HCR thread is utilized as the orbit, movement transpires along the HCR thread, powered by Et.BbvCI, which generates fluorescence signals from the HCR thread. This bidirectional walking mechanism enhances signal amplification and accumulation, enabling ultra-sensitive detection of pesticides, achieving detection limits of 6.8 aM for acetamiprid and 5.2 aM for malathion. The quantification of acetamiprid residues in real food samples demonstrates the practical applicability of this walker. Therefore, this approach presents a novel walking mechanism for walker development and offers a highly sensitive methodology for detecting pesticide residues in food, showing significant potential in food safety assessment, environmental pollution monitoring, and public health protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"441 ","pages":"Article 137983"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical bimetallic MOF-derived ZnO/NiO with abundant mesopores for high-performance triethylamine gas sensing","authors":"Shuang Li, Zhuo Liu, Yan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137980","url":null,"abstract":"Hierarchical bimetallic metal organic frameworks (MOFs) derived mesoporous ZnO/NiO heterostructures with excellent triethylamine (TEA) gas sensing performance were prepared. The introduction of Ni ions in MOF precursors played an important role in regulating the chemical composition and morphology evolution of ZnO/NiO heterostructures. The resultant ZnO/NiO nanocomposites contain abundant mesopores formed by accumulation of nanoparticles and a large specific surface area, providing sufficient active sites and gas diffusion channels. As predicted, compared with pure ZnO, the highly porous ZnO/NiO heterostructure exhibited enhanced TEA gas sensitivity with R_a/R_g = 49.8 at an operating temperature of 200 °C, fast response time of 11<!-- --> <!-- -->s, as well as excellent anti-interference ability and long-term stability. The high TEA gas sensing performance can be attributed to the formation of p-n heterojunction with reduced band gap (2.81<!-- --> <!-- -->eV), high specific surface area (43.456 m²·g^-1) and high porosity achieved through using MOFs as a self-sacrificing template. Additionally, the increase of oxygen vacancy and the efficient oxidation-reduction reaction with the target gas also contribute significantly to the enhanced performance. This study presents a straightforward strategy for preparing mesoporous multi-metal oxide heterostructure using MOFs as sacrificial templates, offering tunable pathways to tailor and improve TEA gas sensing performance.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving triethylamine vapor detection capabilities of In2O3 via aluminum-mediated isomorphic replacement in the crystalline structure","authors":"Ou Wang, Jiawei Kong, Yue Sun, Yu Tang, Heyu Wang, Baoli An, Qingmin Hu, Jiaqiang Xu, Xiaohong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137989","url":null,"abstract":"Triethylamine (TEA) is one of the most critical raw materials used in the industry. Due to its toxic and harmful characteristics, it is crucial to develop high-performance gas sensors for detecting TEA rapidly and precisely. This study focuses on enhancing the gas sensing performance of In₂O₃ by partially replacing In³⁺ with Al³⁺. The result proved that the introduction of Al³⁺ into In₂O₃ can generate a hollow structure to promote the diffusion of the gas, alter the valence band structure to facilitate the oxidation of TEA, and result in more oxygen vacancies to promote the formation of charge carriers. The combination of these factors leads to the enhanced gas-sensing performance of In₂O₃. The TEA response value of the 5<!-- --> <!-- -->mol% Al-In₂O₃ reached 2.7 times that of pure In₂O₃ at a relatively low working temperature of 120°C, and the response and recovery time were shortened from 26<!-- --> <!-- -->s and 147<!-- --> <!-- -->s to 18<!-- --> <!-- -->s and 138<!-- --> <!-- -->s. Moreover, the response values were almost unchanged at high humidity (25°C, 80% RH) and after 30 days of continuous testing at 120°C. The theoretical detection limit was 31 ppb. This research provides an excellent gas-sensing material for triethylamine detection and a deep understanding of the structure-activity relationship in metal oxide semiconductor materials' gas-sensing mechanisms, thus providing new insights for designing other high-performance gas-sensing materials.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-confined growth of molecularly imprinted membrane SERS substrate for rapid sample preparation and sensitive food safety analysis all-in-one","authors":"Li Tang, Jianwei Dong, Ling Xia, Gongke Li","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137987","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid and accuracy sensing approach is urgent demand in food safety analysis. Development of multifunctional sensing material enabling the integration of molecularly imprinted sample preparation and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection all-in-one is a possible solution. However, the thickness of the molecularly imprinted polymers SERS (MIPs-SERS) substrates is critical to rapidity and sensitivity of analytical method by contributing both the selective enrichment and sufficient Raman signal amplification. A space-confined growth strategy was using for the thickness controllable fabrication of the MIPs-SERS in a microreactor device. As proofs of concept, two types of MIPs-SERS substrates were prepared to realize sample preparation and SERS detection all-in-one. The Au/MIPs membrane was prepared for leucomalachite green (LMG) selective separation, enrichment, chemical conversion and SERS detection with an imprinting factor (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=\"italic\" is=\"true\"&gt;IF&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.971ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.235ex; margin-right: -0.246ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 1190 848.5\" width=\"2.764ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-49\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;use x=\"440\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-46\" y=\"0\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"italic\"&gt;IF&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=\"italic\" is=\"true\"&gt;IF&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) of 18.9 and a Raman enhancement factor (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=\"italic\" is=\"true\"&gt;EF&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"1.971ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.235ex; margin-right: -0.246ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -747.2 1488 848.5\" width=\"3.456ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"&gt;&lt;g is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-45\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;use x=\"738\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-46\" y=\"0\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;span role=\"presentation\"&gt;&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\" mathvariant=\"italic\"&gt;EF&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;script type=\"math/mml\"&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=\"italic\" is=\"true\"&gt;EF&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) of 8.5×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;. Meanwhile, the Au/Ag@MIPs membrane was prepared for forchlorfenuron (CPPU) selective separation, enrichment and Au/Ag nanopart","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}