Ting Li , Shaojiao Song , Wei Lu , Yu Cao , Xin Zheng , Qiuyue Zhao , Hailong Wang
{"title":"Nanopore characterization of DNA–COR–DNA duplex and the sensitive detection of coralyne","authors":"Ting Li , Shaojiao Song , Wei Lu , Yu Cao , Xin Zheng , Qiuyue Zhao , Hailong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the high selectivity and binding affinity of coralyne (COR) with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid, COR has been confirmed as an effective anticancer drug. However, a direct and sensitive detection assay for a DNA–COR–DNA structure with a portable instrument has not been reported because of the lack of a high-resolution sensor that can identify DNA–COR interaction at a single-molecule level. Here, specific Types I and II signals generated by a DNA–COR–DNA duplex were observed using a versatile α-hemolysin nanopore sensor. The Type I signal featuring a unique current pattern was preferentially selected via DNA sequence design and voltage control. Subsequently, the rapid and sensitive detection of COR was established with a detection limit of 0.1 nM. The pH environment, observed to influence the binding of the DNA–COR–DNA duplex, was significant for drug release controlling during targeted delivery process. Similar alkaloids were tested, and the nanopore sensor exhibited a high selectivity for COR. The results demonstrate a potential platform for investigating DNA-COR interaction and could be applied in the drug therapy and pharmacodynamic studies of COR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137407"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aggregation-Induced-Emission Compounds and their Cucurbit[8]uril Self-Assemblies as Fluorescence Sensor Array for the Identification and Discrimination of Bacteria","authors":"Hong-Ling Yi, Qing Tang, Jian-hang Hu, Zhu Tao, Ying Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137400","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections are often harmful to human health. Thus, to guide the clinical diagnosis of bacteria, it is necessary to distinguish different bacterial species in mixed samples. In this study, two positively charged aggregation-induced emission compounds (AIEgens) TPE-P and BTP-P with good solubility were synthesized. Then, cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) interacted with TPE-P and BTP-P to form TPE-P@Q[8] and BTP-P@Q[8] self-assemblies. Through the electrostatic interaction of the TPE-P and BTP-P and their self-assemblies on the bacteria (<em>P. vulgaris</em>, <em>E. coli, S. typhimurium, S. aureus</em>, <em>M. luteus</em> and <em>S. agalactiae</em>), the fluorescence changed to varying degrees. Therefore, a four-component fluorescence sensor array was constructed with two AIEgens (TPE-P and BTP-P) and supramolecular complexes (TPE-P@Q[8] and BTP@Q[8]) as sensing units. In combination with linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the sensor array can identify and distinguish six species of bacteria, with a good linear relationship between Factor 1 of the array and the OD<sub>600</sub> value of the bacteria. Binary and ternary bacteria mixtures could be distinguished by the sensor array, providing high recognition accuracy in blind experiments. In addition, a fluorescence detection device was developed using a smartphone for the visual and convenient quantitative detection of <em>S. typhimurium</em>. Thus, the designed array can realize the rapid identification and quantification of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenping Dong , Mo Ma , Jingkang Li , Dejiang Gao , Pinyi Ma , Daqian Song
{"title":"Ultra-large stokes-shifted NIR fluorescent probes for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis via metal-free tracking of carbon monoxide","authors":"Wenping Dong , Mo Ma , Jingkang Li , Dejiang Gao , Pinyi Ma , Daqian Song","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is essential for preventing disease progression and improving prognosis. This study proposes the use of carbon monoxide (CO) as a potential biomarker for RA. Two fluorophores, HM-OH and DHM-OH, were designed and synthesized, using DHM-OH due to its superior spectroscopic properties. The combination of DHM-OH with allyl bromide produced the fluorescent probe DHM-CO, which had a large Stokes shift (302 nm) and a long emission wavelength (882 nm). DHM-CO enabled metal-free catalytic detection of CO. The probe was demonstrated to have excellent water solubility, photostability, and high sensitivity to CO; therefore, it could selectively respond to CO without interference from other substances. The limit of detection of the probe in the detection of CORM-3, a CO precursor, was as low as 0.027 μM. DHM-CO was successfully used for the imaging of endogenous and exogenous CO in A549 cells. It was also successful in the tracking of CO in RA models, revealing that the CO concentrations in RA joints were significantly higher compared to that in normal joints. Additionally, the therapeutic effect of methotrexate (MTX) on RA was verified. This study introduces the first imaging of CO in RA, offering a valuable tool for early diagnosis and treatment of RA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137401"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on the coil-shaped element made of α-Fe2O3 doped MWCNTs for the simultaneous measurement of gas and gap at room temperature","authors":"Luheng Wang, Maoyuan Nan, Xisi Long","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137373","url":null,"abstract":"The coil-shaped element based on α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is fabricated by sputtering and spraying technology for simultaneously measuring the gap and ethanol vapor at room temperature. The experimental results show that with the increase of spraying time, the gas response properties of MWCNTs-based coil-shaped elements change from p-type to n-type, while the gas response properties of the coil-shaped elements based on α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doped MWCNTs change from n-type to p-type with the increase of mass ratio of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to MWCNTs. Particularly, the coil-shaped element with a mass ratio of 100 exhibits the highest gas response value and gap sensitivity in the gap range of 0~0.5<!-- --> <!-- -->mm, the gas response value of impedance amplitude, impedance angle, and resistance is 0.659%, 0.265%, and 6.768% at the ethanol vapor concentration of 5000 ppm, respectively. The absolute/relative gap sensitivity of impedance amplitude and impedance angle is 54101.8 Ω·mm<sup>-1</sup>/4.589%·mm<sup>-1</sup> and 2.069°·mm<sup>-1</sup>/ 5.287%·mm<sup>-1</sup> in the gap range of 0~0.1<!-- --> <!-- -->mm, respectively. Finally, a signal processing method is proposed for the simultaneous measurement of ethanol vapor concentration and gap. These results lay a foundation for the development of MWCNTs-based sensors and the sensors applied between narrow gaps.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chao Hu, Jiangnan Shu, Wei Nie, Yisha Wang, Hua Cui
{"title":"Dissolved Oxygen-Induced Highly Efficient Chemiluminescence of Acridinium Sulfonamide-Functionalized MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Sensitive Detection of Ascorbic Acid","authors":"Chao Hu, Jiangnan Shu, Wei Nie, Yisha Wang, Hua Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137399","url":null,"abstract":"The development of efficient chemiluminescence (CL)-functionalized nanomaterials that use dissolved oxygen as a coreactant for analytical sensing remains a significant challenge. In this study, we present the synthesis of novel acridinium sulfonamide (AS)-functionalized MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles, denoted as MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PEI/AS/PSS NPs, utilizing polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a bridge and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as a stabilizer. These MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PEI/AS/PSS NPs exhibited strong CL emission with the dissolved oxygen as a coreactant in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTAOH). This enhanced CL performance was attributed to several factors: the large specific surface area and abundant amino groups on the MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PEI NPs, which enabled high AS loading efficiency; the catalytic activity of surface-bound Mn<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions in generating reactive oxygen species from dissolved oxygen; and the positively charged micelles formed by CTAOH, which enriched superoxide anions. Additionally, PSS protects the excited state of N-(3-sulfonate-propane)acridone from environmental quenching, extending its lifetime and enhancing CL emission. Moreover, the MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PEI/AS/PSS NPs also demonstrated exceptional magnetic performance and stability. Based on this, a sensitive CL method for ascorbic acid (AA) detection was developed using MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/PEI/AS/PSS NPs as a detection platform, without the requirement for recognition elements. The detection range was 0.08-200<!-- --> <!-- -->µM with a low detection limit of 0.0714<!-- --> <!-- -->µM. This method is rapid, simple, environmentally friendly, and stable, as it eliminates the need for an incubation process and additional coreactants. The CL method was effectively employed for the detection of AA in human serum samples, highlighting its potential for clinical diagnosis applications.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-powered photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on in situ topological conversion of Bi2O2S/Bi2S3 for sensitive detection of fumonisin B1","authors":"Na Song, Jingui Chen, Xiaoran Yang, Xiang Ren, Jinhui Feng, Huan Wang, Hongmin Ma, Qin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137395","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive fumonisin B1 (FB1) can cause serious harm to humans, so it is important to achieve sensitive detection of FB1. In this study, a self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for the sensitive detection of FB1 was designed based on a Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> photoanode and Au@BiOI photocathode. The Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> prepared by in situ topological transformation has a large number of carrier channels, which improves the charge transfer efficiency. Consequently, the cathodic photocurrent was enhanced, which laid the foundation for the sensitive detection of FB1. Additionally, Au@BiOI as a photocathode sensing platform avoids the false-positive problem (comparison of anode sensing platforms). The aptasensor has a linear detection range of 1<!-- --> <!-- -->pg/mL ~ 100<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/mL with a detection limit as low as 0.10<!-- --> <!-- -->pg/mL (S/N=3). The method provides a new idea for the detection of other mycotoxins.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing Chang, Qi Wang, Jingyu Zhang, Yan Fang, Jiale Ou, Huimin Zhou, Xianyun Xu, Qi Chen, Yan Feng, Xiangming Meng
{"title":"Crosstalk-free two-channel visualization and precise assessment of autophagy-regulated hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by a two-photon fluorescent probe","authors":"Qing Chang, Qi Wang, Jingyu Zhang, Yan Fang, Jiale Ou, Huimin Zhou, Xianyun Xu, Qi Chen, Yan Feng, Xiangming Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137402","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a universal surgical complication that seriously affects patient prognosis. Many studies have shown that its process is closely associated with cellular autophagy, and the inhibition of autophagy can slow down HIRI. Autophagy is intensely related to changes in the lysosomal microenvironment. Therefore, real-time fluorescence visualization of autophagy level fluctuations through monitoring lysosomal microenvironment could be a viable strategy for effectively assessing HIRI. In our work, we reported a two-photon fluorescent probe <strong>Ly-NJ</strong>, which responds to changes in lysosomal polarity and viscosity in two crosstalk-free channels. The correlation between lysosomal polarity/viscosity during HIRI and autophagy levels was found. The results of two-photon fluorescence imaging as well as Western blot revealed that the increase in lysosomal polarity and viscosity during prolonged hepatic ischemia-reperfusion corresponded to the increased levels of autophagy. In addition, two-channel imaging results showed that the use of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) in HIRI can recover the lysosomal polarity and viscosity to the initial level of control group, indicating HIRI can be alleviated by inhibiting the autophagy level. Furthermore, luteolin and silymarin were testified to have a mitigating effect on HIRI by monitoring the variation of blue and red channels, which was similar with that of 3-MA. <em>In vivo</em> fluorescence imaging in HIRI model mice further supported the retarding effects of above agents on HIRI. These studies indicated that <strong>Ly-NJ</strong> has the potential for clinical application in visualizing HIRI, and will provide a promising imaging tool for timely prophylactic treatment and intraoperative monitoring of HIRI.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UiO-66@TiO2/Au heterojunction-like SERS substrate based on adsorption-induced aggregation for detection of thiamethoxam and triazophos in apple juice","authors":"Shengqiao Gao, Qingyi Wei, Hongbin Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137398","url":null,"abstract":"Heterojunction-like substrates have drawn significant attention in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) owing to their multi-enhancement characteristics. In this study, the core-shell architectures of UiO-66@ TiO<sub>2</sub> were fabricated for capture and enrichment of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in solution. After absorption of OPs, the SERS-active nanoparticles of Au were assembled on the core-shell architectures to form UiO-66@TiO₂/Au substrate via Au-S bonding between OPs molecule and AuNPs and electrostatic interactions between UiO-66@TiO<sub>2</sub> and Au, resulting in adsorption-induced aggregation of Raman signal for OPs. The proposed method of adsorption-induced aggregation could be used for detecting thiamethoxam and triazophos in apple juice with detection limit of 3.51<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/L and 0.66<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the satisfactory recovery rates, ranging from 91.98% to 104.31% for thiamethoxam and from 91.47% to 116.47% for triazophos, indicated that the prepared heterojunction-like substrate could be potentially used for trace detecting OPs in foods.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"79 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongxue Li , Runuo Wang , Chunling Mao , Qian Hang , Longshan Zhao
{"title":"Bifunctional strategy based on MoS2/N,S-CQDs/Bi2S3 nanocomposite photosensitive materials: Ultrasensitive detection of prostate antigens and preliminary design of a portable detector","authors":"Yongxue Li , Runuo Wang , Chunling Mao , Qian Hang , Longshan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>)/nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQDs)/bismuth sulfide (Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>) nanocomposites was designed for the quantitative detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in human serum and urine. For the initial time, we used the synthesized N,S-CQDs as a Mo<sup>4</sup><sup>+</sup> and Bi<sup>3+</sup> sulfur source. A one-step hydrothermal process was used to create highly photoactive MoS<sub>2</sub>/N,S-CQDs/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanoheterojunctions. Compared to pure MoS<sub>2</sub> and Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>, MoS<sub>2</sub>/N,S-CQDs/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> exhibited better photoelectric activity and electron transfer efficiency. By the layer-by-layer assembly method, the specificity between PSA and prostate-specific antibody (Anti-PSA) was used to form an immune complex, which increased the spatial site resistance of MoS<sub>2</sub>/N,S-CQDs/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>, leading to a decrease in photocurrent transmission efficiency, thus reaching the purpose of direct detection of PSA concentration. Under the optimized conditions, the photoelectric signal intensity of the MoS<sub>2</sub>/N,S-CQDs/Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> PEC immunosensor showed a good linear relationship with the concentration of PSA in the range of 0.001 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.35 pg/mL. Regarding quantitative PSA detection, the developed PEC immunosensor offers outstanding selectivity, sensitivity, and stability, which can provide an effective strategy for diagnosing and treating prostate cancer. In addition, to detect PSA and other biomarkers with speed and precision, a novel portable PEC detector model was proposed and designed in this study, and the construction of this model has great potential for application in clinical and other disease diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 137305"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An intelligent sensing array for thermal runaway characteristic gas concentration prediction based on SACNN-Mamba","authors":"Meng Tang, Xin Zhang, Chang Zhang, Tongbin Chen, Xinxin Yan, Jie Zou, Wanlei Gao, Qinghui Jin, Jiawen Jian","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.137368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.137368","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issue of cross-sensitivity when using gas signals for early warning of thermal runaway, an efficient algorithm based on the intelligent sensing array is proposed. The algorithmic model introduced in this paper is a fusion model that incorporates a feature self-attention module, a 1DCNN, and a Mamba module, aiming to enhance the regression prediction accuracy of the intelligent sensing array for gas mixture concentrations. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of our fusion network model in accurately predicting the concentrations of various target gases (such as H<sub>2</sub>, CO, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) in gas mixtures. The coefficients of determination (R²) were 99.74%, 99.45%, and 99.48% respectively, indicating that the model fits the sensor data very well and can predict changes in the data with high accuracy. The Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) were 2.3514, 4.1752, and 3.7164, respectively. The Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) were 1.4398, 2.3846, and 2.5088, respectively. Additionally, the Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (SMAPE) were 2.1212, 2.6272, and 2.6515. These values indicate that the model has high predictive accuracy and demonstrates good generality and robustness. The method proposed in this work holds significant potential for application in the field of gas warning for thermal runaway in lithium batteries.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}