Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical最新文献

{"title":"Multiplexed immuno-acoustic separation of exosome and lipoprotein from platelet using acoustic radiation force","authors":"Jeongeun Park,&nbsp;Song Ha Lee,&nbsp;Beomseok Cha,&nbsp;Woohyuk Kim,&nbsp;Jinsoo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exosomes and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), important circulating bioparticles, are regarded as highly promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The similarity in size and density between exosomes and LDLs makes their selective isolation technically challenging using conventional size- or density-based separation methods. Previous microfluidic and acoustofluidic approaches still exhibit limited selectivity and often yield impure separated samples. Immunoaffinity-based methods can improve specificity through molecular recognition, but they have limited applicability to multiplexed separation. Here, we propose an immuno-acoustic platform enabling multiplexed separation of exosomes and LDLs from platelets (PLTs) using tilted-angle traveling surface acoustic wave (taTSAW)-induced acoustic radiation force (ARF). Two types of aptamers, functioning as chemical antibodies, were conjugated to polystyrene (PS) microparticles to selectively bind exosomes and LDLs, forming PS-aptamer-bioparticle complexes. The tilted-angle configuration eliminated the microchannel anechoic corner and enabled the use of both horizontal and vertical acoustic components. Incorporating a glass layer within the microchannel enhanced acoustic energy density via impedance mismatch. Together, these effects improved both throughput and separation performance. Using the proposed taTSAW-based immuno-acoustic platform, we demonstrated that exosomes and LDLs can be separated from PLTs due to the particle size-frequency specificity of the taTSAW-induced ARF in a label-free, biocompatible, and size-selective manner. Fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and hemocytometry confirmed successful multiplexed separation of target bioparticle complexes with a high purity exceeding 96 % and a recovery rate exceeding 99 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 139580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe3O4@PDA-Ag enabled electrochemical/photothermal dual-functional immunoassay with signal cross-validation for accurate detection of alpha-fetoprotein","authors":"Hongyu Xue ,&nbsp;Shuyu Shi ,&nbsp;Mingzhe Jiang ,&nbsp;Tiantian Ji ,&nbsp;Yige Li ,&nbsp;Haoyi Ren ,&nbsp;Yu Qi ,&nbsp;Chenglin Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a common clinical tumor marker. Nevertheless, results from its single-mode detection are often falsely positive or negative, restricting detection accuracy. To solve this problem, an electrochemical immunoassay (EC)-photothermal immunoassays (PTIAs) dual-functional immunosensor was developed herein. Fe3O4@PDA-Ag served as the signal tag with dual functions: Ag generated a strong oxidation peak current for electrochemical testing, while Fe₃O₄@PDA-Ag acted as a photothermal material—when exposed to near-infrared (NIR) laser radiation, a portable thermal imaging device can record temperature changes. To expand the area of electrode effective, MXene-Au was employed as the sensing substrate. According to test findings, the EC and PTIAs sensors showed remarkable performance throughout a range of AFP concentrations of 0.0001–100 ng/mL and 0.001–100 ng/mL, with detection limit of 0.031 pg/mL and 3.0 pg/mL. Additionally, dual-functional cross -validation significantly reduced false positives from single-mode interference to improve accuracy, and the photothermal mode ensured portability and efficiency. It provides an effective reference for tumor marker detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 139549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-mode SERS and fluorescence biosensing of aflatoxin B1 with an alkaline phosphatase-encapsulated UiO-66 nanoprobe","authors":"Sidan Yang,&nbsp;Liting Yang,&nbsp;Cheng Yao,&nbsp;Xuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent group I carcinogen, demands ultrasensitive detection methods to safeguard food safety. Herein, a dual-mode aptasensor combining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence (FL) was developed for AFB1 detection. This sensing platform utilized 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) modified Au nanoparticles on Fe₃O₄/reduced graphene oxide (4-MBA@Au/Fe₃O₄@rGO) as the SERS substrate, and employed amino-functionalized UIO-66 (UIO-66-NH₂) as both a fluorescent probe (λₑₓ/λₑₘ = 360/425 nm) and a nanocarrier for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Owing to the high load capacity (530 ± 30 mg g⁻¹) and well-retained activity (74.23 %) of ALP on UIO-66-NH₂ (UIO-66-ALP), UIO-66-ALP efficiently catalyzed 2-phospho-<span>L</span>-ascorbic acid (AA2P) to generate ascorbic acid (AA), which reduced AgNO₃ to form Ag shells on 4-MBA@Au, amplifying SERS signals. The introduction of AFB1 caused the dissociation of the aptamer-complementary DNA (cDNA) duplex. This triggered the release of UIO-66-ALP-cDNA from the Apt-modified 4-MBA@Au/Fe₃O₄@RGO (4-MBA@Au/Fe₃O₄@rGO-Apt), resulting in a decrease of SERS and FL signals. The developed aptasensor showed low detection limits (12 fg mL⁻¹ for FL; 0.77 fg mL⁻¹ for SERS), and a broad linear range (100 fg mL⁻¹ - 1000 ng mL⁻¹ for FL; 1 fg mL⁻¹ - 1000 ng mL⁻¹ for SERS). In addition, it exhibited high specificity against interferents (aflatoxin B2, AFB2; ochratoxin A, OTA; patulin, PAT) and consistent reproducibility (relative standard deviations, RSD &lt; 6.35 %). Furthermore, the validation in real samples (moldy bread, corn oil, peanuts) yielded recoveries of 95.36–107.8 %, confirming the method’s practical applicability. This work established a benchmark for multiplexed mycotoxin detection, offering significant advancements in food safety monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 139602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A size-encoded beads-based array for multiplexed profiling of human serum extracellular vesicles to enable cancer classification","authors":"Jun-Jie Bai ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Ya-Nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Hai-Yan Li ,&nbsp;Xing Wei ,&nbsp;Ze-Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Jian-Hua Wang ,&nbsp;Ming-Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators involved in various pathophysiological/physiological processes. Multiplexed profiling of cancer-associated biomarkers of EVs facilitates the in-depth characterization of heterogeneous EVs subpopulations and supplies comprehensive insights into tumor evolution and progression. Herein, a size-encoded beads-based array chip (BA-chip) was developed for the multiple protein marker detection of human serum EVs and the accurate cancer classification. Aptamers for the four cancer-associated protein markers (EGFR, CEA, PTK7, EpCAM) are respectively conjugated on the surface of microbeads with different diameters (8 μm, 13 μm, 18 μm, 23 μm), providing identity-specific capture tags. The size-based sorting array zones of geometrically optimized hydrodynamic traps were fabricated to sequentially separate the four aptamer-functionalized microbeads at the single-particle level, which enables the on-chip capture and profiling of EVs with specific biomarkers. A FITC-conjugated aptamer (CD63) labeling strategy promotes the identification of captured EVs on individual microbeads. EVs from four different cancer type patients’ serum were successfully captured and classified with 100 % accuracy under the optimal biomarker combination. This BA-chip provides a novel strategy for multiplexed profiling of EVs, significantly simplifies the requirements for experimental instrumentation, and offers new avenues for studying tumor heterogeneity, cancer subtyping, and early detection of various cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 139587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high Q-factor QCM humidity sensor based on a synergistic nafion/Ti3C2TX composite film","authors":"Kun Tang ,&nbsp;Xing Ding ,&nbsp;Xinglin Yu ,&nbsp;Yanchang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of balancing resonant stability and sensitivity in quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) humidity sensors, this study developed a high-performance sensor based on a Nafion/Ti₃C₂T_X composite film. The material achieves performance optimization through synergistic interaction between its two components: Ti₃C₂T_X nanosheets function as a structural reinforcement phase that suppresses humidity-induced film swelling and reduce the resultant energy dissipation caused by viscoelastic effects, while the Nafion polymer effectively mitigates nanosheet restacking and promotes water molecule transport and adsorption. The optimized sensor exhibits excellent resonant characteristics across the full humidity range of 2 %-97 % RH, maintaining a high quality factor (Q-factor) of 47142 even at 97 % RH, along with a significant frequency shift of −6387 Hz. Its comprehensive performance surpasses both single-component sensors and most reported devices. Furthermore, the sensor accurately responds to finger proximity signals, demonstrating potential applications in non-contact human-machine interaction systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"454 ","pages":"Article 139598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Room-temperature operable Cu-doped ZnO/TiO2 film gas sensor integrated with electrochromic visualization for NO detection","authors":"Sungjun Choi,&nbsp;Jiseon Kim,&nbsp;Minseok Kim,&nbsp;Jeongwon Oh,&nbsp;Caroline Sunyong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film capable of detecting NO gas at room temperature of 25 ℃ was fabricated using a dry deposition process, the nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS). Cu-doped ZnO nanopowders were synthesized via the wet impregnation method and mixed with TiO₂ to improve their adhesion to the substrate. The fabricated Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film exhibited responses of 19.60 % to 240 ppm NO gas and 6.91 % to 10 ppm NO gas at 25 ℃. Gas-sensing performances were compared with those of an undoped ZnO/TiO₂ film. The Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film demonstrated 3.2 times higher response at 50 °C and 8.3 times higher response at 200 °C than the undoped film. Notably, while the undoped ZnO/TiO₂ film did not respond at 25 ℃, the Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ film maintained stable sensing capability under the same conditions. These results indicate that Cu doping induces electron redistribution near oxygen vacancy sites in ZnO, enhancing reactivity at 50 °C and enabling NO gas ionization even at 25 ℃, thus playing a critical role in ensuring stable operation at low temperatures. Furthermore, the room temperature-operable Cu-doped ZnO/TiO₂ sensor was integrated with a viologen-based electrochromic device controlled by an Arduino, enabling a visual gas-sensing system that displayed real-time color changes in response to gas exposure. In conclusion, Cu-doped ZnO nanopowders synthesized via wet impregnation were successfully deposited onto substrates using NPDS. Cu doping was found to be essential at 25 ℃ operation and improved sensing reactivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magneto-photoelectrochemical 2D heterojunction platform for biosensing detection","authors":"Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongjie Huang ,&nbsp;Yunhe An ,&nbsp;Yunyun Dai ,&nbsp;Yongrui Li ,&nbsp;Nan Yang ,&nbsp;Chaojie Yang ,&nbsp;Xinran Zhou ,&nbsp;Yucheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yingshan Ma ,&nbsp;Lingling Huang ,&nbsp;Yongtian Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors exhibit significant potential for biomolecule detection due to their high sensitivity and low background noise. However, their performance is severely constrained by the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. This study innovatively introduces a non-contact magnetic modulation strategy to suppress electron-hole recombination by manipulating carrier spin states, thereby significantly enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency. Building on this mechanism, we developed a novel magnetically modulated PEC biosensing platform based on the MXenes/cobalt-doped titanium dioxide (Co-TiO₂) heterostructure. This platform achieved ultrasensitive detection of protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Compared to an identical probe-modified biosensor without magnetic field application, the developed platform demonstrated a 68.75 % enhancement in detection sensitivity and achieved an ultralow limit of detection for PKA of 0.00016 U/mL in the linear range of 0.005–80 U/mL. This research not only provides a novel methodology for kinase activity analysis but also pioneers the innovative strategy of magnetic modulation for enhanced PEC sensing. It opens new avenues for developing high-performance biosensing platforms, holding significant promise for early disease diagnosis and drug screening applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdigitated microwave resonator for highly sensitive detection of chemical liquids","authors":"Xiaochi Ma ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingxuan Mao ,&nbsp;Fanqi Meng ,&nbsp;Lei Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensitive and multidimensional detection of trace liquid analytes remains a key challenge for compact, label-free sensor platforms. To address this, we present a planar microwave sensor operating at 6.37–7.53 GHz, based on an interdigitated electric split-ring resonator (ID-eSRR) integrated onto a microstrip transmission line. The interdigitated geometry enables strong field–matter coupling within only 3 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>L of analyte through enhanced electric-field confinement. Three sensor variants with different inter-finger gaps (W80, W100, W120) were fabricated via standard PCB processes to systematically investigate the geometry-dependent sensing performance governed by the effective mode volume and analyte–field overlap. Liquid-sensing experiments using four representative analytes—<em>n</em>-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and acetone—with relative permittivities from 2 to 20 revealed distinct and predictable resonance shifts. The W80 sensor exhibited the highest frequency sensitivity of 1.19 GHz/<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and amplitude sensitivity of 3.04 dB/<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, corresponding to relative sensitivities of 18.67%/<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and 7.81%/<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ɛ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, respectively. These results demonstrate the scalability, reproducibility, and dual-channel capability of the ID-eSRR platform, offering a low-cost, PCB-compatible solution for chemical, environmental, and biomedical microwave sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A colorimetric-photothermal-fluorescent triple-mode nanozyme sensor array: Toward machine learning driven detection and recognition of β-lactam antibiotics","authors":"Yu Wang,&nbsp;Zemin Ren,&nbsp;Wen Zhang,&nbsp;Fufeng Liu,&nbsp;Wenjie Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>β</em>-lactam antibiotics (<em>β</em>-LAs) are widely used as anti-infective drugs, but their residues exert a serious risk to public health and the environment. Consequently, the development of simple and efficient methods for <em>β</em>-LAs detection is particularly important. Here, we found that <em>β</em>-LAs notably hinder the peroxidase-like (POD) activity of copper hydroxide nitrate (Cu₂(OH)₃NO₃) nanozyme. Based on the unique physicochemical properties of the chromogenic substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), a colorimetric-photothermal-fluorescent triple-mode nanozyme array sensor was constructed and successfully used for the efficient detection and differentiation of eight <em>β</em>-LAs. Moreover, through the optimization of several machine learning (ML) algorithms, the accuracy of the concentration-independent classification model built on this array was enhanced from 57.29 % to 90.62 %, facilitating the recognition of blind samples. More notably, integrating sensor arrays with regression algorithms allows for accurate quantitative determination of various <em>β</em>-LAs. The research holds considerable importance for enhancing <em>β</em>-LAs recognition in complex matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable dual-fluorescence DNA aptasensor using cascade amplification and sequence-engineered AgNCs for ultrasensitive detection of Clostridioides difficile RNase H2","authors":"Hu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Zhao ,&nbsp;Hui Meng ,&nbsp;Xing Dong ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianxia Lv ,&nbsp;Hongjun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snb.2026.139533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and accurate detection of Clostridioides difficile remains challenging due to the limited sensitivity, complex protocols, and costly instrumentation required by current diagnostic assays. Here, we present a label-free, enzyme-free dual-fluorescence aptasensor that integrates entropy-driven catalysis (EDC) and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) with DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) for the sensitive and reliable detection of RNase H2, a highly specific biomarker of C. difficile. Aptamers immobilized on magnetic beads selectively bind RNase H2 and release complementary primers that trigger a cascaded EDC-CHA amplification network. The amplified primers modulate the conformation of AgNC-templating hairpins, enabling sequence-directed tuning of AgNC emission. By tuning the nucleation sequence, Two AgNC emitters respond inversely: red fluorescence is enhanced while yellow emission is simultaneously quenched. This ratiometric dual-signal mechanism provides intrinsic self-correction against environmental fluctuations and significantly improves quantitative accuracy. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibits a broad linear detection range (0.01–100 ng/mL) and an ultralow detection limit of 9.27 pg/mL, along with high specificity and accurate recovery in river water samples. This sequence-programmable DNA–AgNC platform establishes a robust, cost-effective strategy for rapid pathogen diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"453 ","pages":"Article 139533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}