Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical最新文献

{"title":"Polyoxometalates Mediated-Bismuth Molybdate Type II Heterostructure Chemiresistor for Efficient Triethylamine Detection","authors":"Miao He, Ying Yang, Feng Li, Dan Li, Hui Yu, Siqi Bao, Xiangting Dong, Tianqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138320","url":null,"abstract":"Bi₂MoO₆ (BMO) has potential applications in gas sensors due to its special molybdate lattice structure and high specific surface area, multiple active sites, the abundance of oxygen vacancies on its surfaces. However, sensing performances of BMO are limited by high carriers recombination phenomenon. For the past few years, polyoxometalates (POMs) have been proved as electron acceptors which can promote electron migration and improve sensing performance of semiconductors. In this study, we modified phosphotungstic acid (PW₁₂) into BMO gas-sensitive materials for the first time via hydrothermal method. By reducing the electron-hole recombination probability, the original gas-sensitive performance of BMO can be efficiently enhanced. As a result, the optimal composite nanoflowers sensor (BMO/3%PW₁₂) showed high response of 2.67 to 100 ppm triethylamine (TEA) gas. Compared to pure BMO sensor, the sensitivity of BMO/3%PW₁₂ is 1.9 times higher with accelerated response and recovery speed. It also exhibits good linearity and a low theoretical detection limit of 0.2 ppm. Meanwhile, the stability, and reproducibility of the sensors were tested and comparatively analyzed. In this paper, an innovative strategy is proposed to develop BMO-based gas sensors with high sensitivity by introducing POMs as electron acceptors.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronised regulation of the hydrophilicity and microstructure of CNT/PANI film electrodes ensure electrochemical ionic actuators with ultra-long cycle performance","authors":"Nan Zhang, Weixing Feng, Guangyao Hu, Meng Zhao, Jie Ru, Yanjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138276","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical ion actuators (ECIAs), a novel soft smart robotics technology, can effectively convert electrical energy into mechanical energy via electrochemically induced ion migration. The behaviors of ECIAs mainly depends on the electrochemical storage capacity of the electrodes, but the electrochemical instability of the electrodes directly result in poor lifetime of ECIAs. Herein, we successfully designed and prepared a novel flexible free-standing carbon nanotube/polyaniline (CNT/PANI) film via the in-situ electro-polymerization of PANI on CNT films for ultra-long cycle performance ECIAs. Unlike conventional CNT or PANI electrodes, the developed CNT/PANI composite film offers a unique synergistic effect combining the electric double-layer capacitance of CNTs and the pseudocapacitance of PANI. The in-situ electro-polymerization method enables uniform PANI deposition within the CNT network, forming a tightly bonded, three-dimensional structure with enhanced ion accessibility and interfacial contact. The CNT/PANI film electrodes have excellent hydrophilicity and affinity to ionic liquid, which enhances the adhesion between electrode and electrolyte layers and facilitates the migration of hydrophilic ions (EMI+ and BF4-). Meanwhile, the in-situ electropolymerized PANI materials can improve the ion storage capacity of the CNT/PANI film electrodes, which in turn enhances the actuation abilities of the ECIAs. Consequently, the ECIAs based on the A-CNT/PANI film electrodes not only perform excellent electromechanical performance (strain 0.97%, stress 7.07<!-- --> <!-- -->MPa), but also give an ultra-high cycling stability of up to 100,000 cycles. Our findings demonstrate a robust, flexible electrode design that mitigates common challenges in the integration of pseudocapacitive materials, ensuring stability and superior long-term performance in ECIAs.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forming-free Chemi-memristive Gas Sensing for Artificial Olfactory System","authors":"June Soo Kim, Yujin Nam, Da Ye Kim, Noah Jang, Hyunjun Kim, Seung Deok Kim, Van Khoe Vo, Maeum Han, Seong Ho Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138315","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a novel chemi-memristive gas sensor for artificial olfactory systems that operate at room temperature without requiring external heaters. The sensor utilizes a forming-free Ti/TiO₂/Pt memristive device, where oxygen-vacancy clusters enable stable and repeatable resistive switching between high-resistance and low-resistance states. Gas sensing is achieved by selectively modulating these vacancies: exposure to oxidizing gases (e.g., NO₂) disrupts the conductive filament and increases resistance, while reducing gases (e.g., NH₃) promote filament formation with minimal resistance changes. The device exhibits rapid response and recovery times, reliable endurance over multiple cycles, and the unique ability to store gas-exposure history while adjusting risk levels through voltage tuning. Integration with an artificial neural network further validates the platform’s high recognition accuracy for varying gas concentrations, which underscores its potential for low-power, in-sensor-computing applications in environmental monitoring and healthcare.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MCCT-Net: A Hybrid Neural Network for Improving the Detection Performance of Electronic Nose System","authors":"Yixin Yang, Zi Wang, Ziying Ren, Yizhou Chen, Xiaoqin Guo, Chongbo Yin, Yan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138314","url":null,"abstract":"The electronic nose (e-nose) system utilizes a cross-sensitive gas sensor array to detect gas information. An effective gas information classification method is one of the key problems to improve the detection ability of e-nose. In this paper, a new deep learning algorithm is constructed to classify e-nose gas information. The Transformer structure is incorporated into the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to compensate for the limitation of local convolutions in capturing long-range dependencies and global feature correlations. Firstly, we construct a multi-scale convolutional encoder (MCE) to extract local gas features. Then, a channel-refiltering transformer block (CTB) is designed to learn global gas features. Finally, we combine MCE and CTB to establish a hybrid neural network for gas information classification, called multi-scale convolution and channel re-filtering transformer hybrid network (MCCT-Net). To verify the effectiveness of MCCT-Net, we conduct performance tests on two datasets. For Dataset 1, MCCT-Net obtains the 98.67% accuracy, 98.65% recall, and 98.69% precision. For Dataset 2, MCCT-Net obtains the 98.52% accuracy, 98.17% recall, and 98.69% precision. The results show that MCCT-Net can accurately classify gas information, which provides a method for improving the detection performance of the e-nose system.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifugal microfluidics platform integrated with multiple trigger-type valves for chemiluminescence detection of prostate cancer","authors":"Jiahao Zhang, Junyu Ma, Fengfeng Shu, Yihui Wu, Yang Xu, Mingshu Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138319","url":null,"abstract":"Chemiluminescence is currently the most widely used immunoassay method in clinical practice, characterized by its high detection sensitivity, high specificity, and rapid processing speed. Traditional chemiluminescence rely on large, complex instruments that require intensive manual maintenance, making it unsuitable for regions with limited medical resources. Developing POCT devices based on centrifugal microfluidics is a feasible solution. However, fully integrating complex assay steps such as sequential reagent release, precise fluid transport, and magnetic beads manipulation into centrifugal microfluidics remains challenging, limiting its application in chemiluminescence. Commonly used integration schemes concentrate on utilization of single trigger-type valves and the resolution of valve activating inevitably decreases as the number increases due to the same triggering mechanism. In our previous work, we introduced new Euler force triggered siphon valves which were different from conventional hydrophilic siphon valves. In this work, we further proposed an integration scheme based on passive valves with different triggering mechanisms to reduce the risk of valve interference, resulting in more precise fluid control and thus better reproducibility of chips. As a validation, we detected total prostate cancer antigen (TPSA) and free prostate cancer antigen (FPSA) using direct chemiluminescence on the chip. The detection process was completed in less than 20<!-- --> <!-- -->min and limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL for TPSA and 0.08<!-- --> <!-- -->ng/mL for FPSA, respectively. The chip relies solely on valves for fluid control without external structural intervention, establishing significant advantages in automation of entire platform, which create broad application prospects for early clinical diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Fast Nanoplastic Detection at Low SNR","authors":"Jeonghyun Lim, Dongha Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138316","url":null,"abstract":"Raman spectroscopy is widely used to identify substances such as microplastics. As the size decreases to nanoplastics, their numbers are expected to increase, making it crucial to determine how many samples can be analyzed quickly and accurately. However, there is always a trade-off between analysis speed and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Obtaining a low SNR is easy, but such spectra have reduced reliability for identification, while achieving a high SNR necessary for accurate identification inevitably requires longer analysis times. With enhanced artificial intelligence, these challenges can be overcome. In practice, establishing a well-labeled low SNR database is crucial for accurate AI-based substance identification. In this study, we have developed a systematic machine-learning approach to address this issue. To address this, we augmented Raman spectral databases by averaging numerous low-SNR spectra acquired over extremely short exposure times, thereby generating databases with broad SNR ranges. From such a broad database, we effectively distinguished noise from signals by using a combination of unsupervised clustering methods—including autoencoder, PCA, and DBSCAN. Such filtered signals were then used to train Bi-Convolutional Neural Network technique, enhanced with positional encoding and multi-head attention, achieving 99.29% (±0.58%) accuracy in classifying spectra with an SNR close to 2, even with very short Raman measurement times (0.001<!-- --> <!-- -->s). This methodology enables the rapid analysis of nanoplastics and other low-concentration substances, reduces hardware requirements, and has broad applications in fields such as bioprocessing and food analysis. Additionally, this approach can be extended to other spectroscopic methods, accelerating data processing in data-limited environments.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144603749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Visual Isothermal Platform for the Rapid Detection of Clostridioides difficile in Fecal Using Locked Nucleic Acid-Modified Split DNAzyme Probes Facilitated by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification","authors":"Zhuo Chen, Yuexin Yao, Ruiqin Luo, Xianru Xia, Danni Wang, Chengyu Li, Xiaoming Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138312","url":null,"abstract":"Early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis is of great significance for the timely treatment of <em>C. difficile</em>. This study constructed a visual isothermal analysis platform for <em>C. difficile</em> in feces based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified four sets of split DNAzyme probes, which can complete nucleic acid amplification and detection within 40<!-- --> <!-- -->minutes. RPA technology avoids the need for thermal cycling instruments, and greatly reduces amplification time. The combination of LNA-modified probes and target nucleic acid is extremely stable, and neither temperature nor enzyme influence can dissociate it. The split G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme maintains its catalytic capability to oxidize the colorless substrate 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS²⁻) into its green radical form ABTS∙⁻. Of particular significance, LNA-modified split DNAzyme probes with the help of several enzymes in the RPA system can accurate and stable capture of target double-stranded DNA, subsequently facilitating the DNAzyme formation. This innovative approach significantly streamlines the experimental procedure by minimizing operational complexity and reducing processing time. The assay outcomes are readily discernible through direct visual observation and can be conveniently documented using a smartphone. Therefore, this method of visual detection for <em>C. difficile</em> established in this study has the advantages of being time efficient, and having a high sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144603750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Diode-Induced in Situ Solid-State Synthesis of Graphitized Magnetic Nanostructures as Novel Nanozyme Catalysts","authors":"Achraf Berni, Juan José García-Guzmán, Rodrigo Alcántara, José María Palacios-Santander, Aziz Amine, Laura Cubillana-Aguilera","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138311","url":null,"abstract":"Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a revolutionizing nanomaterial as a tunable, 3D-networked, highly conductive, which makes it a perfect platform for hosting functional nanostructures and enhancing catalytic activity. In this work, a one-step Near-UV laser-assisted graphitization of magnetic nanomaterials —Fe₃O₄-LIG, Ag-Fe₃O₄-LIG, and Cu-Fe₃O₄-LIG— has been developed that forms a universal four-in-one nanozyme catalytic platform with peroxidase (POD), oxidase (OXD), catalase (CAT), and laccase (LAC) activities. The laser-driven process enables simultaneous graphitization, metal oxidation, and nanostructuration, offering an inexpensive, green, and scalable option for multi-step synthesis protocols. The nanozymes thus obtained were well characterized by scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) for morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity, and Raman spectroscopy for graphitic character. An exhaustive dual characterization via optical as well as electrochemical methods was employed to assess and monitor the nanozyme material's catalytic activities. Out of all synthesised materials, Ag-Fe₃O₄-LIG exhibited the highest oxidase and peroxidase mimicking activity, whereas Cu-Fe₃O₄-LIG exhibited enhanced catalase and laccase-like activity. To investigate the laccase activity further, Cu-Fe₃O₄-LIG was employed with phenolic compounds like dopamine, adrenaline, and L-dopa, which oxidized the substrates into aminochromes. As a proof of concept, taking advantage of the electroactivity of adrenochrome, adrenaline was sensed using a 3D porous LIG sensor. The sensor exhibited great sensitivity in the cathodic region with a linear range of 0.5 to 10<!-- --> <!-- -->μM and a detection limit of 0.23<!-- --> <!-- -->μM. This work creates a groundbreaking nanozyme platform with broad implications in biosensing, demonstrating the strength of laser-assisted soft synthesis for future generations of enzyme-mimicking materials.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coaxial electrospinning In2O3/TiO2 core-shell nanofibers for enhanced triethylamine sensing","authors":"Jun He, Xiaoyu Qi, Jingjing Liu, Hao Zhang, Zhongliao Wang, Shuwang Duo","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138313","url":null,"abstract":"Triethylamine (TEA), a hazardous and flammable compound, poses significant risks to both human health and the environment. Therefore, the development of precise and rapid methods for detecting TEA in complex environments is imperative. In this study, In₂O₃/TiO₂ core-shell nanofibers (NFs) with different mass ratio were successfully obtained by coaxial electrospinning. Through the characterization and performance comparison of different ratio for [Ti]: [In] (1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1), it was found that the TEA sensor based on Ti₂In₁ owned the best sensing performance. Specifically, it demonstrated the highest response value of 250.8 to 200 ppm TEA at 280℃, the shortest response/recovery time (14/21<!-- --> <!-- -->s) and the smallest stability fluctuation deviation (5.1%). Notably, the sensor exhibited excellent selectivity and anti-interference capability by distinguishing TEA from similar gases such as trimethylamine, dimethylamine, and ammonia. Compared with pristine TiO₂ and In₂O₃ nanofibers, the superior performance of the Ti₂In₁ sensor can be attributed to its unique core (In₂O₃)-shell (TiO₂) nanofiber architecture and the interfacial electron transfer processes occurring between these components, which were confirmed through ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and Mott-Schottky (MS) Nyquist measurement confirmed the sensor's excellent electron migration properties. These factors facilitated the adsorption, transport, and reaction of gas molecules, thereby in the enhancement of the TEA sensing performance. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculation was executed and the same results as the experiment were obtained. This study paves the way for novel explorations into morphological manipulation and intrinsic mechanisms underlying TEA sensing materials.","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cost hydrogen sensor with the transient response of a quartz tuning fork","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.snb.2025.138317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138317","url":null,"abstract":"Amidst the global transition toward clean energy, hydrogen (H2) has emerged as one of the most promising sustainable energy carriers due to its high e…","PeriodicalId":425,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}