{"title":"Trial by Fire: Early Forest Service Rangers' Fire Stories","authors":"T. Cochrane","doi":"10.2307/3983535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983535","url":null,"abstract":"I n the first three decades of the Forest Service, fire stories were an integral part of the unofficial occupational lives of the \"saddle-horse\" rangers, \"not overcrowded with book learning;' who made up a majority of the the service's work force. Through fire stories these \"rough-neck\" rangers articulated and consolidated their group attitudes, conceptions, and values as a group. Fire stories served as lightning rods for \"old-time, commonsense\" rangers' views toward fire, fire policy, heroic fire-suppression efforts, and the division of responsibilities among men in the woods' Perhaps the best-known occupational legend was about Pulaski's heroics during the 1910 Great Burn in northern Idaho and western Montana.","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123432057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Migratory Lumberjack: A Portrait of Michigan Bill Stowell","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/3983534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132233862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prehispanic Agriculture and Its Effects in the Valley of Guatemala","authors":"C. N. Murdy","doi":"10.2307/3983704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983704","url":null,"abstract":"II n recent years increasing public attention has focused on the possibly deleterious effects of such economic pursuits as modern mechanized agriculture on the landscape. The debate comes down to priorities: should mechanical and chemical alteration of the land be kept to an absolute minimum, or should we permit \"tolerable soil loss\"' to maximize productivity and feed the world's increasing population? Informed discussion of such options has been hampered by the lack of a long-term perspective on the interactions of even primitive agricultural systems with the natural environment. Such a perspective can be provided by modern archaeologists who study the cultural ecology of ancient civilizations and analyze prehistoric economic adaptations. A case in point, one that has exercised archaeologists and other theorists for generations, is that of the Maya of southeastern Mexico and Central America. The ancient Mayan civilization is equally well known for its noteworthy achievements in the arts and sciences and its seemingly sudden","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126278711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poachers or Local Resource Managers?","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/3983716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127537339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Forest Service, the Depression, and Vermont Political Culture: Implementing New Deal Conservation and Relief Policy","authors":"John Aubrey Douglass","doi":"10.2307/3983703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983703","url":null,"abstract":"John Aubrey Douglass 0 n 25 April 1932, during a time of severe unemployment, poverty, and despair, President Herbert Hoover established the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont. In many ways, the economic downturn and the subsequent onslaught of New Deal programs offered the Forest Service a unique opportunity in Vermont and throughout the nation. The depression years forced the federal government to think of its land management and forestry programs as more than conservation activity, more than a way to provide sustained yields of timber and to preserve western federal lands. Federal conservation policy and geographically dispersed agencies such as the Forest Service became a central means of instituting new economic relief programs. During the Great Depression unprecedented levels of funding came to the Forest Service to establish twentysix new national forests, mostly in the East, and to expand work in watershed protection, timber improvement, reforestation, disease control, and wildlife management. Additional resources were allotted to the Forest Service for the construction of buildings, roads and trails, bridges, recreation facilities, water-control dams, and lookout towers — often in cooperation with the Public Works Administration (PWA), the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Army Engineer Reserve Corps, and other federal and state agencies. In Vermont such federal programs and public works projects provided jobs and capital, built the physical infrastructure of today's Green Mountain National Forest, and contributed greatly to the long-term economic development of what was a rural and relatively poor state' Yet even with abundant Washington policy directives and money, the task of creating a national forest in Vermont remained daunting. Although President Hoover established the new national forest's boundaries with the stroke of his pen, virtually all acreage within it had to be purchased from the private sector— a situation common to all eastern federal forests established and funded under the 1911 Weeks Act. 2","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125059060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nature Writing: A Wilderness of Books","authors":"Don Scheese","doi":"10.2307/3983707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983707","url":null,"abstract":"Bulow Hammock: Mind in a Forest. By David Rains Wallace. San Francisco, California: Sierra Club Books, 1988. 170 pp. Bibliography. $17.95. \"I want to be a nature writer;' Loren Eiseley declared as a youth, adding, \"it is my duty to do what I can to make people realize that the wild creature has just as much right to live as you or I\" (The Lost Notebooks of Loren Eiseley, p. 14). Judging by the profusion in bookstores these days of new (and old) works of nature writing, many authors have experienced a similar urge to speak on behalf of the rights of nature. The popularity of nature writing today rivals that at the turn of the century, when the books of John Burroughs, Ernest Thompson Seton, and Jack London were best sellers and \"nature study\" was a fad among middle-class Americans. True, the current resident of the White House is not nearly as involved in the \"back-to-nature cult\" as was Teddy Roosevelt, himself a highly regarded writer on the outdoors. But in our age of ecological crisis, when Time proclaimed \"The Endangered Earth\" as \"Planet of the Year\" for 1988, increasingly more readers are turning to nature writing for information, adventure, and hope. A sure indication of nature writing's renaissance is its tendency toward selfreflection. Consider, for example, the considerable attention paid in the most current of the works reviewed here to the distinction between the terms \"natural history\" and \"nature writing;' designations that have overlapping as well as distinctive meanings. According to William Beebe in the introduction to The Book of Naturalists, \"natural history,\" broadly defined, is the expression of a general interest in nature. The genre dates as far back as Paleolithic cave paintings and thus, along with poetry, is one of our oldest art forms. Natural history acquired its modern meaning in the eighteenth century following two developments: the discovery of many New World species of flora and fauna, and the emergence, thanks to Linnaeus, of a standardized scientific nomenclature. By Darwin's time \"natural history\" had come to mean writing \"concerned with the observation of living animals and plants in their natural wild state;' writing which, like literature, is intended to produce aesthetic and emotional effects but Nature Writing: A Wilderness of Books","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122395971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artemis: Goddess of Conservation","authors":"J. Hughes","doi":"10.2307/3983705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983705","url":null,"abstract":"The ancient Greeks represented the spirit of conservation in the shape of a formidable protectress of animals and plants, the goddess Artemis. In the Louvre one can view a striking statue of Artemis (or as the Romans called her, Diana) in a running pose, known as the Diana of Versailles, a Roman copy of a Greek originali This work of art displays two facets of the goddess, as huntress and protectress: though she is armed with bow and arrows, her hand rests cherishingly on the antler of the stag that runs beside her. The Diana of Versailles is only one of an innumerable series of images in art, literature, and popular culture that reveal facets of this complex deity. Artemis would be an important figure in intellectual history even if these images were only matters of artistic symbolism. But Artemis was more than an artistic symbol. The worship of this goddess involved customs affecting the treatment of living organisms, both as species and in communities, and the use of certain categories of land. For example, sanctuaries of Artemis and other gods often consisted of tracts of forest where hunting of deer and other animals was forbidden.2 Thus the study of her cult is essential for understanding ancient Greek attitudes and practices relating to wildlife, forests, and the wilderness. w","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133709887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Forests and Timber Industry of Finnish Lapland","authors":"Jorma Ahvenainen","doi":"10.2307/3983706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983706","url":null,"abstract":"of Finnish Lapland in 1938. The black line indicates the watershed, with rivers to the north and east flowing into the Arctic Ocean. It became economical to log these areas only in the mid1960s, with the shift from river to truck transport. Part of this area was surrendered to Russia in World War II. Map from Oskari Seppãnen, \"The Forests in the TuntsaOulanka and Arctic Ocean Main Waterway Regions and Long Distance Transport,\" Acta Forestalia Fennica 47, (193 9):15. The Forests and Timber Industry of Finnish Lapland","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126245084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Special Issue on International Forest History","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/forhis/34.3.i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forhis/34.3.i","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125759067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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