Forest and Conservation History最新文献_第10页

Differing Perspectives on Urban Parks 对城市公园的不同看法

Forest and Conservation History Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3983843

James E. Fickle

{"title":"Differing Perspectives on Urban Parks","authors":"James E. Fickle","doi":"10.2307/3983843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983843","url":null,"abstract":"The origins, evolution, and design of city parks have been studied extensively by students of urban planning, landscape architecture, recreation, and other disciplines. Yet for many years parks were neglected by historians, rating only brief acknowledgment or passing references in treatments of urban and environmental history. This omission is curious, for urban parks can tell us much about the people, politics, values, and aesthetics of the communities in which they are located. Typically, none of the books discussed in this essay (all produced in the middle or late 1980s) were produced by professional historians. The dominant early historians of urban parks were the so-called structuralists. Concentrating almost exclusively on aesthetics and design, they generally ignored the political and social forces affecting those who created, managed, and used parks. However, among the best of the modern historians, the trend is away from an exclusively artistic and intellectual focus and toward a consideration of their broader social and cultural implications as well. In recent years these new historians have studied urban parks and playgrounds and leisure time or recreation more generally in relation to the broader areas of social, working class, and urban history. These new historians ask what parks say about their societies, why they were created, how they were managed, and what kinds of people used them. During the last two decades social and urban historians have considered the recreational and leisure values of the middle and upper classes within the context of the Progressive reform movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The seminal work in this new approach is Robert Wiebe's Search for Order, published in 1967. Wiebe argues that the dissolution of traditional society and community created an impetus for the development of a new social order. Scholars who follow his lead argue that the reform spirit originated not so much in humanitarianism as in the fears of \"establishment\" groups that social change was eroding the social order. A number of writers suggest that middleand upper-class reformers supported the park, playground, and recreation movements out of a concern for social control, not social uplift. Then too, some historians argue that the workingclass \"beneficiaries\" of these reforms were not passive or inert pawns in the process. Rather, they say, the working class played a significant role in organizing their own leisure and in shaping the political and cultural decisions that created the parks and programs of the period. None of the books reviewed in this essay reflect any awareness of the recent historical literature or more than a superficial interest in the interpretive issues raised by modern historians. Since two of these volumes were not actually designed to be histories in the traditional sense, their failure to consult the recent historical literature is perhaps excusable. But the other two works purport to","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"129 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123368303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Special Issue on Women's Roles in Conservation History 妇女在保育史上的角色特刊

Forest and Conservation History Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/forhis/34.1.i

A. Ingerson

引用次数: 0

The Peculiar Legacy of Progressivism: Claire Dedrick’s Encounter with Forest Practices Regulation in California 进步主义的独特遗产:克莱尔·德德里克与加州森林实践法规的邂逅

Forest and Conservation History Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3983842

S. Pincetl

引用次数: 3

Working with Wood: Relationships with the Material of the Forest 与木材合作:与森林材料的关系

Forest and Conservation History Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3983844

B. Gordon

{"title":"Working with Wood: Relationships with the Material of the Forest","authors":"B. Gordon","doi":"10.2307/3983844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983844","url":null,"abstract":"massive amounts of demographic and user data and then analyzing it \"in an effort to balance the conflicting demands of the Park's different types of users\" (p. 9). Interestingly, the planners find that while various spokesmen argue that the park is either \"too 'aristocratic' for today's users or 'too old-fashioned' to meet today's recreational requirements . . . the motivation of current users is very much the same as it was a century ago: simple rest and relaxation\" (p. 8). They also find that \"far from being exclusive or elitist . . . demographically, attendance almost exactly parallels the city's ethnic composition — fifty-five percent white, twenty percent black, nineteen percent Hispanic and six percent Asian — and . . . they came from all over the borough\" (p. 8). The ways in which future administrators and planners attempt to serve that clientele while protecting the aesthetic integrity of the park will be of great interest to historians and other scholars. It is also of interest that the study was prepared under the auspices of the Office of Central Park Administrator. Created in 1980, this office is the product of a growing realization that Central Park is a unique and significant facility that requires special attention and care. Previously managed as simply another unit of the huge New York City park system, Central Park's disproportionate suffering during the city's financial crises prompted the creation of a special management unit and a private fund-raising agency, the Central Park Conservancy, dedicated to protecting the park in the future. Scholars will find the performance of this experiment in public-private cooperation instructive, and this volume will be a standard research tool for future urban and social historians. As the authors conclude, their plan \"represents a vision rooted in a particular time and culture\" (p. 155). None of the works discussed in this essay can be considered \"significant\" additions to the literature on urban parks in North America, with the possible exception of the volume on Central Park, which is, after all, essentially a primary source. However, the institutional history of St. Louis's Forest Park will be useful to scholars attempting to place that park into broader perspective, and the study of Portland's Forest Park is a convenient guidebook. Wright's volumes are in many ways the most disappointing, for his purpose was more ambitious and yet his products are flawed. More than brief \"guidebook\" treatments of Ontario's urban parks, they fail as comprehensive histories because of their superficial treatment and narrow research base. Though they hint occasionally at some of the philosophical and social issues influencing the parks' origins and development, they fail to address these topics fully, and they utilize little of the current literature. A satisfactory history of urban parks in Ontario remains to be written. Viewed as a group, these volumes reflect the urgent need for more work by urban, soci","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123615243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dispelling Myths: Women's Contributions to the Forest Service in California 消除神话:妇女对加州林务局的贡献

Forest and Conservation History Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3983841

Lee F. Pendergrass

引用次数: 1

Wildlife Conservation: A Developing Field in Environmental History 野生动物保护:环境史上一个发展中的领域

Forest and Conservation History Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3983845

J. Reiger

{"title":"Wildlife Conservation: A Developing Field in Environmental History","authors":"J. Reiger","doi":"10.2307/3983845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3983845","url":null,"abstract":"Edward D. Ives, professor of folklore and chair of the anthropology department at the University of Maine, has produced an extremely useful case study for historians interested in the related conflicts between sportsmen and commercial hunters, conservationists and \"poachers;' townspeople and rural folk, and those with a future orientation based on the collective \"common good\" versus those with a traditional orientation based on the individual. We have a fairly good \"fix\" on sportsmen — their class consciousness, their avowed allegiance to what I have called the \"code of the sportsman;' and their special hatred for market hunters, but we have very little of substance on this latter group, the \"heroes\"— in a sense— of Ives's study. George Magoon and the Down East Game War: History, Folklore, and the Law helps to fill this gap. It is destined to become a model for those trying to blend history and folklore to obtain a richer, truer picture of both what happened in the past and what people believe happened. James Thomas Gay's American Fur Seal Diplomacy: The Alaskan Fur Seal Controversy analyzes the history of the Pribilof Islands' fur-seal herd in American diplomacy from 1867 to recent years. Though the \"harvest\" of the seals may be repugnant, Gay does a skilled job of presenting the diplomatic twists and turns as Great Britain, Japan, Russia, and the United States all vied with each other for their \"share\" of this living resource. Thomas B. Allen's Guardian of the Wild: The Story of the National Wildlife Federation, 1936-1986 is an example of popular organizational history—popular\" meaning it is supposed to reach a wide audience because it offers no means by which the reader can check the sources used by the author. This thin volume is therefore difficult to evaluate. But from what this reviewer knows about the chronology of, and major events in, the federation's history, Allen's work seems well reasoned and accurate. Restoring America's Wildlife, 193 7-1987 is a paean to the results of game management and restoration made possible by the 1937 Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act. This landmark legislation levied an excise tax on sporting arms and ammunition, and later archery equipment, and earmarked the receipts for wildlife-restoration projects to be designed and conducted by the states. Although Restoring America's Wildlife is a major source of information, it is of limited use to the scholar. Since it lacks documentation and bibliography, the data and conclusions of the various authors in this wideranging, edited work must be accepted on faith. Dian Olson Belanger's Managing American Wildlife: A History of the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies traces the history of a group that was founded in 1902 and that has long been the primary advocacy organization for professional wildlife management. Her topics include migratory-bird policy, wildlife refuges and propagation efforts, the effects of the world wars on wildlife mana","PeriodicalId":425736,"journal":{"name":"Forest and Conservation History","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133266548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Challenging Tradition: Pioneer Women Naturalists in the National Park Service 挑战传统:国家公园管理局的先锋女性自然主义者

Forest and Conservation History Pub Date : 1990-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3983840

P. W. Kaufman

引用次数: 1